1、Designation: D 130 04e1Designation: 154/93An American National StandardFederation of Societies forPaint Technology Standard No. Dt-28-65British Standard 4351Standard Test Method forCorrosiveness to Copper from Petroleum Products byCopper Strip Test1This standard is issued under the fixed designation
2、 D 130; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or rea
3、pproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.e1NOTEParagraphs 11.1.2 and 11.1.3 were editorially corrected to match Table 1 and ADJD0130.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of the corro-siveness to copper of aviation gasoline, aviation tu
4、rbine fuel,automotive gasoline, cleaners (Stoddard) solvent, kerosine,diesel fuel, distillate fuel oil, lubricating oil, and naturalgasoline or other hydrocarbons having a vapor pressure nogreater than 124 kPa (18 psi) at 37.8C. (WarningSomeproducts, particularly natural gasoline, may have a muchhig
5、her vapor pressure than would normally be characteristic ofautomotive or aviation gasolines. For this reason, exerciseextreme caution to ensure that the pressure vessel used in thistest method and containing natural gasoline or other productsof high vapor pressure is not placed in the 100C (212F) ba
6、th.Samples having vapor pressures in excess of 124 kPa (18 psi)may develop sufficient pressures at 100C to rupture thepressure vessel. For any sample having a vapor pressure above124 kPa (18 psi), use Test Method D 1838.)1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values
7、 in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory
8、 requirements prior to use. For specificwarning statements, see 1.1, 6.1, and Annex A2.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 396 Specification for Fuel OilsD 975 Specification for Diesel Fuel OilsD 1655 Specification for Aviation Turbine FuelsD 1838 Test Method for Copper Strip Corrosion by L
9、ique-fied Petroleum (LP) GasesD 4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD 4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsE1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers2.2 ASTM Adjuncts:ASTM Copper Strip Corrosion Standard33. Summary of Test
10、 Method3.1 Apolished copper strip is immersed in a specific volumeof the sample being tested and heated under conditions oftemperature and time that are specific to the class of materialbeing tested. At the end of the heating period, the copper stripis removed, washed and the color and tarnish level
11、 assessedagainst the ASTM Copper Strip Corrosion Standard.4. Significance and Use4.1 Crude petroleum contains sulfur compounds, most ofwhich are removed during refining. However, of the sulfurcompounds remaining in the petroleum product, some can havea corroding action on various metals and this cor
12、rosivity is not1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.05 on Properties of Fuels, Petroleum Coke and Carbon Material.Current edition approved May 1, 2004. Published June 2004. Originally
13、approved in 1922, replacing former D 89. Last previous edition approved in 2000 asD 13094 (2000)e1.In the IP, this test method is under the jurisdiction of the StandardizationCommittee. It is issued under the fixed designation IP 154. The final numberindicates the year of last revision.This test met
14、hod has been approved by the sponsoring committees and acceptedby the cooperating societies in accordance with established procedures.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume info
15、rmation, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from ASTM International Headquarters. Order Adjunct No.ADJD0130. Names of suppliers in the United Kingdom can be obtained fromEnergy Institute, 61 New Cavendish St., London, WIG 7AR, U.K. Two masterstandards are held
16、 by the IP for reference.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.necessarily related directly to the total sulfur content. Theeffect can vary according to the chemical types of sulfurcompounds present. The copper strip corros
17、ion test is designedto assess the relative degree of corrosivity of a petroleumproduct.5. Apparatus5.1 Copper Strip Corrosion Pressure Vessel, constructedfrom stainless steel according to the dimensions as given inFig. 1. The vessel shall be capable of withstanding a testpressure of 700 kPa gage (10
18、0 psi). Alternative designs for thevessels cap and synthetic rubber gasket may be used providedthat the internal dimensions of the vessel are the same as thoseshown in Fig. 1. The internal dimensions of the pressure vesselare such that a nominal 25-mm by 150-mm test tube can beplaced inside the pres
19、sure vessel.5.2 Test Tubes, of borosilicate glass of nominal 25-mm by150-mm dimensions. The internal dimensions shall be checkedas acceptable by use of a copper strip (see 6.3). When 30 mLof liquid is added to the test tube with the copper strip in it, aminimum of 5-mm of liquid shall be above the t
20、op surface ofthe strip.5.3 Test Baths:5.3.1 GeneralAll test baths shall be able to maintain thetest temperature to within 61C (2F) of the required testtemperature.5.3.2 Liquid Bath Used for Submerging PressureVessel(s)The bath shall be deep enough to submerge one ormore pressure vessels (see 5.1) co
21、mpletely during the test. Asthe bath medium, use water or any liquid that can be satisfac-torily controlled to the sample test temperature. The bath shallbe fitted with suitable supports to hold each pressure vessel ina vertical position when submerged.5.3.3 Bath(s) Used for Test TubesLiquid baths s
22、hall befitted with suitable supports to hold each test tube (see 5.2)ina vertical position to a depth of about 100-mm (4-in.) asmeasured from the bottom of the test tube to the bath surface.As a liquid bath medium, water and oil have been foundsatisfactory and controllable at the specified test temp
23、erature.Solid block baths shall meet the same temperature control andimmersion conditions and shall be checked for temperaturemeasurement (heat transfer) for each product class by runningtests on tubes filled with 30 mL of product plus a metal strip ofthe nominal dimensions given, plus a temperature
24、 sensor.5.4 Temperature Sensing Device (TSD), capable of monitor-ing the desired test temperature in the bath to within anaccuracy of 61C or better. The ASTM 12C (12F) (seeSpecification E1) or IP 64C (64F) total immersion thermom-eters have been found suitable to use in the test. If used, nomore tha
25、n 10-mm (0.4-in.) of the mercury should extend abovethe surface of the bath at the test temperature.5.5 Polishing Vise, for holding the copper strip firmlywithout marring the edges while polishing. Any convenienttype of holder (see Appendix X1) may be used provided thatthe strip is held tightly and
26、that the surface of the strip beingpolished is supported above the surface of the holder.5.6 Viewing Test Tubes, flat glass test tubes, are convenientfor protecting corroded copper strips for close inspection orstorage (see Appendix X1 for the description of a flat-glassKey:1 Lifting eye2 Wide groov
27、e for pressure relief3 Knurled cap4 Twelve threads per inch NF thread or equivalent5 Camber inside cap to protect “O” ring when closing pressure vessel6 Synthetic rubber “O” ring without free sulfur7 Seamless tubeMaterial: stainless steelWelded constructionMaximum test gage pressure: 700 kPaNOTE 1Di
28、mensions in millimetres.NOTE 2All dimensions without tolerance limits are nominal values.FIG. 1 Pressure Vessel for Copper Strip Corrosion TestD13004e12viewing tube). The viewing test tube shall be of such dimen-sions as to allow the introduction of a copper strip (see 6.3) andmade of glass free of
29、striae or similar defects.5.7 Forceps, with either stainless steel or polytetrafluoroet-hylene (PTFE) tips, for use in handling the copper strips, havebeen found suitable to use.5.8 Timing Device, electronic or manual, capable of accu-rately measuring the test duration within the allowable toler-anc
30、e.6. Reagents and Materials6.1 Wash SolventAny volatile, less than 5 mg/kg sulfurhydrocarbon solvent may be used provided that it shows notarnish at all when tested for3hat50C (122F). 2,2,4-trimethylpentane (isooctane) of minimum 99.75 % purity is thereferee solvent and should be used in case of dis
31、pute.(Warningextremely flammable, see A2.1.)6.2 Surface Preparation/Polishing Materials, 00 grade orfiner steel wool or silicon carbide grit paper or cloth of varyingdegrees of fineness including 65-m (240-grit) grade; also asupply of 105-m (150-mesh) size silicon carbide grain orpowder and absorben
32、t cotton (cotton wool). A commercialgrade is suitable, but pharmaceutical grade is most commonlyavailable and is acceptable.6.3 Copper Strips SpecificationUse strips approximately12.5-mm (12-in.) wide, 1.5 to 3.0-mm (116 to18-in.) thick, cutapproximately 75-mm (3-in.) long from smooth-surfaced,hard-
33、temper, cold-finished copper of 99.9 + % purity; electricalbus bar stock is generally suitable (see Annex A1). The stripsmay be used repeatedly but should be discarded when thestrips surface shows pitting or deep scratches that cannot beremoved by the specified polishing procedure, or when thesurfac
34、e becomes deformed.6.4 Ashless Filter Paper or Disposable Gloves, for use inprotecting the copper strip from coming in contact with theindividual during final polishing.7. ASTM Copper Strip Corrosion Standards37.1 These consist of reproductions in color of typical teststrips representing increasing
35、degrees of tarnish and corrosion,the reproductions being encased for protection in plastic andmade up in the form of a plaque.7.1.1 Keep the plastic-encased ASTM Copper Strip Corro-sion Standards protected from light to avoid the possibility offading. Inspect for fading by comparing two different pl
36、aques,one of which has been carefully protected from light (forexample, new plaque). Observe both sets in diffused daylight(or equivalent) first from a point directly above and then froman angle of 45. If any evidence of fading is observed,particularly at the left-hand end of the plaque, it is sugge
37、stedthat the one that is the more faded with respect to the other bediscarded.7.1.1.1 Alternatively, place a suitably sized opaque strip (forexample, 20-mm (34-in.) black electrical tape) across the top ofthe colored portion of the plaque when initially purchased. Atintervals remove the opaque strip
38、 and observe. When there isany evidence of fading of the exposed portion, the standardsshall be replaced.7.1.1.2 These plaques are full-color reproductions of typicalstrips. They have been printed on aluminum sheets by a 4-colorprocess and are encased in plastic for protection. Directions fortheir u
39、se are given on the reverse side of each plaque.7.1.2 If the surface of the plastic cover shows excessivescratching, it is suggested that the plaque be replaced.8. Samples8.1 In accordance with D 4057 or D 4177, or both, it isparticularly important that all types of fuel samples, that pass alow-tarn
40、ish strip classification, be collected in clean, dark glassbottles, plastic bottles, or other suitable containers that will notaffect the corrosive properties of the fuel. Avoid the use of tinplate containers for collection of samples, since experience hasshown that they may contribute to the corros
41、iveness of thesample.8.2 Fill the containers as completely as possible and closethem immediately after taking the sample.Adequate headspacein the container is necessary to provide room for possiblethermal expansion during transport. It is recommended thatvolatile samples be filled between 70 and 80
42、% of the contain-ers capacity. Take care during sampling to protect the samplesfrom exposure to direct sunlight or even diffused daylight.Carry out the test as soon as possible after receipt in thelaboratory and immediately after opening the container.8.3 If suspended water (that is, haze) is observ
43、ed in thesample, dry by filtering a sufficient volume of sample througha medium rapid qualitative filter, into the prescribed clean, drytest tube. Carry out this operation in a darkened room or undera light-protected shield.8.3.1 Contact of the copper strip with water before, duringor after completi
44、on of the test run will cause staining, makingit difficult to evaluate the strips.9. Preparation of Test Strips9.1 Surface PreparationRemove all surface blemishesfrom all six sides of the strip obtained from a previous analysis(see Note 1). One way to accomplish this is to use 00 grade orfiner steel
45、 wool or silicon carbide paper or cloth of suchdegrees of fineness as are needed to accomplish the desiredresults efficiently. Finish with 65-m (240-grit) silicon carbidepaper or cloth, removing all marks that may have been made byother grades of paper used previously. Ensure the preparedcopper stri
46、p is protected from oxidation prior to final prepara-tion, such as by immersing the strip in wash solvent fromwhich it can be withdrawn immediately for final preparation(polishing) or in which it can be stored for future use.NOTE 1Only final preparation (9.2) is necessary for commerciallypurchased p
47、re-polished strips.9.1.1 As a practical manual procedure for surface prepara-tion, place a sheet of silicon carbide paper or cloth on a flatsurface and moisten it with kerosine or wash solvent. Rub thestrip against the silicon carbide paper or cloth with a circularmotion, protecting the strip from c
48、ontact with the fingers byusing ashless filter paper or wearing disposable gloves. Alter-natively, the surface of the strip can be prepared by use ofmotor-driven machines using appropriate grades of dry paperor cloth.D13004e139.2 Final PreparationFor strips prepared in 9.1 or newstrips being used fo
49、r the first time, remove a strip from itsprotected location, such as by removing it from the washsolvent. To prevent possible surface contamination during finalpreparation, do not allow fingers to come in direct contact withthe copper strips, such as by wearing disposable gloves orholding the strips in the fingers protected with ashless filterpaper. Polish first the ends and then the sides with the 105-mm(150-mesh) silicon carbide grains picked up with a pad ofcotton (cotton wool) moistened with wash solvent. Wipevigorously with fresh pads of cotton (c
