1、Designation: D 1360 98 (Reapproved 2004)Standard Test Method forFire Retardancy of Paints (Cabinet Method)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 1360; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last
2、 revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method determines quantitatively the fireretardant properties of a coating or coating system on a woodsurface a
3、nd the leaching effect of water on the fire retardancyof the coating or coating system. Specifically, this test methoddetermines the weight loss and char index of coated panelssubjected to a flame and the effect of leaching of the coating onthese parameters.1.2 This test method should be used solely
4、 to measure anddescribe the properties of materials, products, or systems inresponse to heat and flame under controlled laboratory condi-tions and should not be considered or used for the description,appraisal, or regulation of the fire hazard of materials, prod-ucts, or systems under actual fire co
5、nditions.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to esta
6、blish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 Federal Standard:2Fed. Spec. TT-V-119Varnish, Spar, Phenolic Resin2.2 Military Standard:2Mil. Spec. MIL-A-22397Adhesive, Phenol, and Resorci-nal Resin Bas
7、e for Marine Use2.3 ASTM Adjuncts:Cabinet Assembly33. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 fire retardancy, n in paint, the ability of a paint toretard the spread of a flame over coated substrate usually at thesacrifice of the paint film.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 Fi
8、re RetardancyPanels are conditioned before andafter coating with the material under test. They are subjected toa flame from a small amount of burning alcohol or othersolvent, and the weight loss and char index are determined.4.2 LeachingSimilarly prepared panels are immersed inwater for a specified
9、time and then subjected to the fire-retardancy test. The weight loss, char index, and difference inweight loss and char index between leached and unleachedpanels are determined.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method determines the relative fire-retardantproperties of coatings and the water leac
10、hing of the fire-retardant material from the applied coating. Leaching simulatesthe effect of high humidity, weathering, and washing on the fireretardancy of a coating, and is specified in various regulationsand specifications for fire-retardant paints.6. Apparatus6.1 Cabinet3,4, A glass and metal b
11、ox as shown in Fig. 1.6.2 Assembly3,4, consisting of supports for the test panelsand solvent cup. The assembly is shown within the cabinet inFig. 1.6.3 Cylindrical Cup, to hold solvent, made of brass to thefollowing dimensions:Outside diameter, mm (in.) 24 (1516)Outside height, mm (in.) 17 (1116)Wal
12、l thickness, mm (in.) 1 (132)Volume, mL 6.0Operating capacity, mL 5.06.4 Balance, weighing to 0.1 g.6.5 Buret or Pipet, calibrated in millilitres.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paintand Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibili
13、ty ofSubcommittee D01.22 on Health and Safety.Current edition approved June 1, 2004. Published June 2004. Originallyapproved in 1955. Last previous edition approved in 1998 as D 1360 98.2Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4,Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, P
14、A 19111-5098.3Drawings of cabinet, assembly, etc., are available from ASTM InternationalHeadquarters. Order Adjunct No. ADJD1360.4The sole source of supply of a suitable cabinet and assembly known to thecommittee at this time is Dek-Tron Scientific, 244 East 3rd St., Plainfield, NJ 07060.If you are
15、aware of alternative suppliers, pleasse provide this information to ASTMInternational Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at ameeting of the responsible technical committee,1which you may attend.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Consho
16、hocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.6.6 Container or Water Bath, 320 by 165 by 165 mm (12.5by 6.5 by 6.5 in.), galvanized steel with cover to accommodate15 panels, or other sizes to accommodate 5 to 10 panels.6.7 Oven capable of maintaining a temperature of 50 6 2C(120 6 3F).6.8 Constant Temperatur
17、e and Humidity Cabinet or Room,maintained at 50 6 5 % relative humidity and 23 6 2C (73.56 3.5F).7. Test Materials7.1 Ignition Fuel, absolute ethyl alcohol (ethanol) or com-parable solvent blend.NOTE 1A mixture of 71.4 % reagent grade isopropanol and 28.6 %reagent grade methanol having the same heat
18、 of combustion as pureabsolute ethanol may be used as the source of ignition.7.2 Test Panels:7.2.1 Unless otherwise specified or agreed, yellow poplarheartwood panels 6 by 150 by 305 mm (14 by 6 by 12 in.),close-grain, and as nearly edge grain as possible, free fromknots and other imperfections, wit
19、h surfaces planed andsanded. Panels shall be of solid wood or edge glued sections toobtain the width, provided that no strip is less than 38 mm (112 in.) wide and that no more than two glue lines occur in anyone panel. The adhesive used in gluing these panels shallconform to Mil. Spec. MIL-A-22397.
20、Test panels shall be kilndried so as to contain no more than 10.0 weight % moisture andafter conditioning as specified in 8.1 shall weigh from 125 to140 g/panel (27 to 30 lb/ft3).7.2.2 Douglas fir or other woods shown in Table 1 may beused where required. Table 1 shows the densities and weightper pa
21、nel for each wood after conditioning.NOTE 2Asbestos board (or inorganic reinforced cement board), steel,or concrete may be used upon agreement between the purchaser and theseller.8. Preparation of Test Panels8.1 Condition panels for 14 days in a controlled atmosphereof 50 6 5 % relative humidity and
22、 23 6 2C (73.5 6 3.5F)prior to coating. Seal the ends of the panels with two coats ofView A View BFIG. 1 ApparatusD 1360 98 (2004)2varnish conforming to Fed. Spec. TT-V-119 after the condi-tioning. Allow each coat of varnish to air dry 18 to 24 h.8.2 Brush apply the material under test in one coat a
23、t 6 m2/L(250 ft2/gal) (wet film thickness of 6.4 mils) or in two coats at12 m2/L (500 ft2/gal) (3.2 mils per coat) to each face of eachpanel, obtaining as uniform coverage as possible. Applicationcan be by other conventional means and in as many coats toobtain the necessary weight of coating or desi
24、red wet or dryfilm thickness. Also coat the edges and sides of the panels withthe same material. When applied in more than one coat, dry 24h between coats under standard conditions (see 6.8) and, afterthe final coat, dry 14 days under the controlled conditions.Prior to subjecting the specimens to th
25、e burning test, placethem in the oven at 50 6 2C (120 6 3F) for a period of 40h.8.3 Calculate the weight of the coating to be applied usingthe following equation:W 56 3 12!144SD 3 454 (1)where:W = weight of applied wet coating, g,D = coating density, lb/gal, andS = spreading rate in ft2/gal.8.3.1 Us
26、e the following equation when metric units areemployed:W 5 46.4D!/S (2)where:W = weight of applied wet coating, g,D = coating density, g/mL, andS = spreading rate, m2/L.9. ProcedureFire Retardancy9.1 Assemble the apparatus as shown in Fig. 1, includingthe stack extension and downdraft hood, in an ar
27、ea wherefacilities are available for the removal or escape of combustionproducts (standard laboratory hood without forced ventilation).Weigh the panel to be tested to the nearest 0.1 g and record theweight. Center the panel, face down, on the angular supportswith the lower edge 50 mm (2 in.) from th
28、e angle formed bythe floor and the side wall of the cabinet. Place the fuel cup, atroom temperature, on the pedestal so that the vertical distancefrom the cup lip nearest to the face of the specimen is exactly25 mm (1.0 in.). Using a buret or pipet, add 5.0 mL of pureabsolute ethanol or any mixture
29、with the same heat ofcombustion (Note 1) to the cup and ignite without delay bymeans of a flame approximately 13 mm (12 in.) in length. Closethe door and adjust the draft to assure complete burning of thealcohol. Allow the test to continue until all flames self-extinguish. Repeat this procedure with
30、 at least five replicatepanels.9.2 Weight LossCool each panel to room temperature andweigh to the nearest 0.1 g. Determine the weight loss in gramsof each of the five specimens by subtracting from its originalweight (see 9.1). Calculate the mean and standard deviation forthe weight loss. If the stan
31、dard deviation of the five replicatesis greater than 10 % of the mean, test five additional panels andcalculate the mean weight loss of the ten panels.9.3 Char IndexCut the panels by means of a fine-toothedsaw along the lines of maximum length and width of attack.Measure in centimetres the maximum w
32、idth of charring of thewood panel below the paint film on the lateral cut. Likewise,measure the maximum length of charring found on the longi-tudinal cut. Measure the maximum depth to which charring haspenetrated the wood as evidenced on the longitudinal or lateralcuts. Determine the char index by m
33、ultiplying the maximumchar length, width, and depth figures. Calculate the mean andstandard deviation for the char index. If the standard deviationof the five replicates is greater than 10 % of the mean, test fiveadditional panels and calculate the mean char index on thebasis of the ten panels.10. P
34、rocedureLeaching Test10.1 Prepare, coat, and condition 15 panels of each materialunder test as described in Section 8.10.2 At the end of 14 days at 50 % humidity and 23C(73.5F), immerse the 15 panels in 2250 6 30 mL of water(150 mL/panel) (Note 3) for 40 h at 50 6 2C (120 6 3F).NOTE 3The water bath
35、is made to contain 15 panels and 2250 mL ofwater to cover the specimens. If less than 15 coated panels are immersed,add blank panels to make up the 15. Place panels so that their faces do nottouch. Cover the bath to prevent excessive evaporation.10.3 Subject each of the 15 panels to the fire retarda
36、nt testin accordance with 9.1 and calculate the differences in meanweight loss and mean char index between the leached and theunleached set of specimens as follows:_wt. loss = mean wt. loss of leached specimens meanwt. loss of unleached specimens._char index = mean char index of leachedspecimens mea
37、n char index of unleachedspecimens.11. Report11.1 Report the following information:11.1.1 The number of coats and the coverage in m2/L(ft2/gal) of the total numbers of coats for each set of eachmaterial under test,11.1.2 The mean weight loss and the mean char index of theset exposed only to the fire
38、 retardancy test, the number ofspecimens used in calculating the means, and the final standarddeviation, andTABLE 1 Densities and Panel Weights of Various WoodsNOTE 1Conditioned at relative humidity 50 6 5 % and 23 6 2C(73.5 6 3.5F) for 14 days.Type of WoodDensity (9 to 10 weight %Moisture), kg/m3(l
39、b/ft3)Weight of 152by 305 by 6mm (6 by12 by14 in.)Panel, gRed cedar 345360 (21.422.4) 101106Douglas fir 465560 (2935) 137165White pineponderosa pine 360420 (22.426.4) 106125Southern yellow pine 495590 (3137) 147175Redwood 435450 (27.228.2) 129133D 1360 98 (2004)311.1.3 The difference in mean weight
40、loss and mean charindex between the sets of unleached and leached specimens asdetermined in 10.3.12. Precision and Bias12.1 The precision of this test is to be determined.12.2 BiasThe bias of this test method cannot be deter-mined as the value of fire retardancy can be defined only interms of a test
41、 method.13. Keywords13.1 cabinet method; char index; fire retardancy; govern-ment specification; paintASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that de
42、termination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved
43、or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel t
44、hat your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).D 1360 98 (2004)4
