1、Designation: D 139 95 (Reapproved 2001)e1Standard Test Method forFloat Test for Bituminous Materials1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 139; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revisi
2、on. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.e1NOTEEditorial changes were made to Sections 2, 5.4.1, 7.4, and 7.7 January 2002.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the float test for bit
3、uminousmaterials.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to us
4、e. For a specificprecaution statement, see 6.1.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:C 670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statementsfor Test Methods for Constru
5、ction Materials2D 140 Practice for Sampling Bituminous Materials3D 244 Test Methods and Practices for Emulsified Asphalts3D 2170 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Asphalts(Bitumens)3E 1 Specification for ASTM Thermometers42.2 IEC Standard:IEC 60854 Methods of Measuring the Performance ofUltraso
6、nic Pulse-Echo Diagnostic Equipment53. Summary of Test Method3.1 A plug of bitumen is cast in a tapered collar. Theassembled float and collar is then floated in the testing bath atthe specified temperature. The time, in seconds, betweenplacing the apparatus on the water and the water breakingthrough
7、 the material shall be taken as a measure of theconsistency of the material under examination.4. Significance and Use4.1 The float test characterizes the flow behavior or consis-tency of certain bituminous materials.4.2 This test method is useful in determining the consis-tency of bitumen as one ele
8、ment in establishing the uniformityof certain shipments or sources of supply.5. Apparatus5.1 FloatThe float (Fig. 1) shall be made of aluminum oraluminum alloy and shall be in accordance with the followingrequirements:Min Normal MaxMass of float, g 37.70 37.90 38.10Total height of float, mm 34.0 35.
9、0 36.0Height of rim above lower 26.5 27.0 27.5side of shoulder, mmThickness of shoulder, mm 1.3 1.4 1.5Diameter of opening, mm 11.0 11.1 11.21This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Roadand Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.44 onRheolog
10、ical Tests.Current edition approved Feb. 15, 1995. Published April 1995. Originallypublished as D 139 22 T. Last previous edition D 139 90e1.2Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.02.3Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.03.4Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.03.5Available from American National
11、 Standards Institute, 11 W 42nd St., NewYork, NY 10036.FIG. 1 Float Test Apparatus1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.5.2 CollarThe collar (Fig. 1) shall be made of brass andshall be in accordance with the following requi
12、rements:Min Normal MaxMass of collar, g 9.60 9.80 10.00Over-all height of collar, mm 22.3 22.5 22.7Inside diameter at bottom, mm 12.72 12.82 12.92Inside diameter at top, mm 9.65 9.70 9.75The top of the collar shall screw up tightly against the lowerside of the shoulder.5.3 Calibration of AssemblyThe
13、 assembled float and col-lar, with the collar filled flush with the bottom and weighted toa total mass of 53.2 g, shall float upon water with the rim 8.56 1.5 mm above the surface of the water. This adjustment ofthe total mass of the assembly is for the purpose only ofcalibrating the depth of immers
14、ion in the testing bath.5.4 ThermometerAn ASTM Low Softening Point Ther-mometer, graduated in either Celsius or Fahrenheit degrees asspecified, having a range from 2 to +80C or +30 to +180Fand conforming to the requirements for Thermometer 15C or15F, respectively, as prescribed in Specification E 1.
15、5.4.1 A thermometer consisting of K type 30 AWG gagethermocouple and a meter capable of reading 25C (77F) to260C (500F). The thermocouple shall be 61 to 76 cm (24 to30 in.) in length. This thermometer shall conform to thetemperature/voltage tables of the National Institute of Stan-dards and Technolo
16、gy and to the IEC 60854 standards for K-,J-, and T-type thermocouples.65.5 Testing BathA circular bath of at least 185 mm ininternal diameter and containing water at least 185 mm indepth; or a rectangular bath with minimum internal dimensionsof 150 mm width and 300 mm length, and containing water at
17、least 110 mm in depth. The height of the surface of thecontainer above the water shall be at least 40 mm. The bathshall be heated by electric, gas, or other suitable means. A standor other suitable support shall be available to hold thethermometer in the proper position in the bath during the test.5
18、.6 Water Bath at 5CA water bath of suitable dimensionsmaintained at 5.0 6 1.0C, which may be accomplished bymeans of melting ice.5.7 Brass Pouring PlateA flat, smooth brass plate ap-proximately 75 by 50 mm that has been treated to prevent thebituminous material from adhering to it. A suitable treatm
19、ent isto coat the plate just before use with a thin layer of a mixtureof glycerin and dextrin, talc, or kaolin (china clay). Otherplates or coatings, or both, may be used, providing similarresults are achieved.6. Precautions6.1 Special precautions should be taken to ensure that thecollar fits tightl
20、y into the float and to see that there is noseepage of water between the collar and float during the test.7. Procedure7.1 Place the brass collar with the smaller end on the coatedplate.7.2 Melt the sample completely at the lowest possibletemperature that will bring it to a sufficiently fluid conditi
21、on foreasy pouring, excepting creosote-oil residues, which shall bemixed and poured at a temperature of 100 to 125C. Stir thesample thoroughly until it is homogeneous and free from airbubbles. Then pour it into the collar in any convenient manneruntil slightly more than level with the top.7.3 Emulsi
22、fied AsphaltsTest the distillation residue inaccordance with Section 96.1, Float Test, Test Methods D 244.The pouring temperature for high float emulsion residues canbe critical. If a high float residue sample fails or appears to bepoured at a cooler than specified temperature, the specifiedpouring
23、temperature shall be confirmed in a referee sample byuse of a 30-gage thermocouple probe and instrument. Positionthe thermocouple probe into the top center of the collar fromabove. Record the maximum temperature measured while theresidue is being poured into the collar. Fill the collar untilslightly
24、 more than level with the top, and quickly remove thethermocouple.7.3.1 Samples for which the minimum temperature readingof 218C (425F) was not attained shall not be tested for float.7.4 Asphalt and Asphalt ProductsCool asphalt and as-phalt products to room temperature for 15 to 60 min, then placeth
25、em for 5 min in the water bath at 5C, after which trim thesurplus material flush with the top of the collar by means of aspatula or steel knife that has been slightly heated. Then placethe collar and plate in the water bath at 5C and leave them inthis bath for 15 to 30 min.7.5 Tar ProductsImmediatel
26、y immerse tar products for 5min in the water bath at 5C, after which trim the surplusmaterial flush with the top of the collar by means of a spatulaor steel knife that has been slightly heated. Then place thecollar and plate in the water bath at 5C and leave them in thisbath for not less than 15 nor
27、 more than 30 min.7.6 Heat the water in the testing bath to the temperature atwhich the test is to be made. This temperature shall not varythroughout the test more than 0.5C from the temperaturespecified, using any suitable means of heating the bath, withoutstirring. Determine the temperature by imm
28、ersing the ther-mometer with the bottom of the bulb at a depth of 40 6 2mmbelow the water surface.7.7 After the material to be tested has been kept in the waterbath at 5C for 15 to 30 min, remove the collar with its contentsfrom the plate and screw into the aluminum float. Completelyimmerse the asse
29、mbly for 1 min in the water bath at 5C. Thenremove the water from the inside of the float and immediatelyfloat the assembly on the testing bath. Lateral drift of theassembly shall be permitted, but no spinning motion shall beintentionally imparted thereto. As the plug of material becomeswarm and flu
30、id, it is forced upward and out of the collar untilthe water gains entrance into the saucer and causes it to sink.7.8 Determine the time, in seconds, between placing theapparatus on the water and the water breaking through thematerial by means of a stop watch, and take as a measure of theconsistency
31、 of the material under examination.8. Precision and Bias8.1 Criteria for judging the acceptability of float test resultsobtained by this test method are given in Table 1.6Tegam Model 819 meter is an appropriate meter for this purpose.D 139 95 (2001)e129. Keywords9.1 asphalt; bitumen; float; high flo
32、at; pouring temperature;tarASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infri
33、ngement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standar
34、d or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your view
35、s known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contactin
36、g ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).TABLE 1 PrecisionNOTE 1The values given in Column 2 are the coefficients of variation that have been found to be appropriate for the materials and conditi
37、ons of testdescribed in Column 1. The values given in Column 3 are the limits that should not be exceeded by the difference between the results of two properlyconducted tests expressed as a percent of their mean.Material and Type IndexCoefficient of Variation, %of MeanA,BAcceptable Range of TwoResul
38、ts, % of MeanA,BSingle-operator precision:Coal tar at 32 and 50C 2.3 6.5Asphalt cements and asphalt emulsion residues (120 penetration and above) at 60C 1.7 4.8Multilaboratory precision:Coal tar at 32 and 50C 4.2 11.9Asphalt cements and asphalt emulsion residues (120 penetration and above) at 60C 10.7 30.2AThe numbers represent respectively the (1s%) and (d2s%) limits as described in Practice C 670.BFor suggested style, see Section 11 of Test Method D 2170.D 139 95 (2001)e13
