1、Designation:D14604 Designation: D146/D146M 04 (Reapproved 2012)1Standard Test Methods forSampling and Testing Bitumen-Saturated Felts and WovenFabrics for Roofing and Waterproofing1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D146/D146M; the number immediately following the designation indica
2、tes the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of t
3、he Department of Defense.1NOTEUnits information was editorially corrected in June 2012.1. Scope1.1 These test methods cover the sampling and examination of felts or woven fabrics, saturated or impregnated but not coatedwith asphaltic or coal-tar materials, for use in waterproofing or for the constru
4、ction of built-up roof coverings.1.2The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in eachsystem may not be
5、exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from thetwo systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
6、of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D95 Test Method for Water in Petroleum Products and Bituminous Materials by DistillationD645/D645M Test M
7、ethod for Thickness of Paper and PaperboardD828 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Paper and Paperboard Using Constant-Rate-of-Elongation ApparatusD1079 Terminology Relating to Roofing and WaterproofingD1682 Methods of Test Method for Breaking Load and Elongation of Textile Fabrics0FabricD1910 Me
8、thods of Test for Construction Characteristics of Woven Fabrics0Methods of Test for Construction Characteristicsof Woven Fabrics; Replaced by D3773, D3774, D3775, D3776, D3882, D3883D4072 Test Method for Toluene-Insoluble (TI) Content of Tar and PitchD4312 Test Method for Toluene-Insoluble (TI) Cont
9、ent of Tar and Pitch (Short Method)3. Sampling3.1 From each shipment of the specified saturated felt or fabric, select at random a number of rolls equal to one half the cuberoot of the total number of rolls in the lot. If the specification requires sampling during manufacture, consider the lot to be
10、 theplanned production quantity and select the rolls at uniformly spaced time intervals throughout the production period. The minimumsample shall consist of five rolls. If the calculated number is fractional, express it as the next highest whole number. Forconvenience, the following table, showing t
11、he number of rolls to be selected from lots of various sizes, is given:1These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D08 on Roofing and Waterproofing and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D08.04 on Feltsand Fabrics.Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2004. Published Augus
12、t 2004. Originally approved in 1922. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D14603. DOI:10.1520/D0146-04.on Felts, Fabrics and Bituminous Sheet Materials.Current edition approved May 1, 2012. Published June 2012. Originally approved in 1922. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D146 04. DOI:
13、10.1520/D0146_D0146M-04R12E01.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.1This document is not an ASTM
14、 standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all
15、 cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.Number of Rolls in Shipment Number of Rolls in SampleUp to 1 000 51 001 to 1
16、 728 61 729 to 2 744 72 745 to 4 096 84 097 to 5 832 95 833 to 8 000 108 001 to 10 648 1110 649 to 13 842 1213 843 to 17 576 1317 577 to 21 952 14The rolls so selected constitute the representative sample used for all subsequent observations and tests pertaining to the lot ofmaterial being examined.
17、 Identify each individual roll.EXAMINATION OF REPRESENTATIVE SAMPLE4. Gross Mass per Roll4.1 Weigh each roll, intact, to the nearest 100 g (14 lb),lb, and record each weight as the gross mass of that roll.5. Mass of Wrapping Material and Mandrel (Core)5.1 Strip each roll of its wrappings and weigh i
18、t to the nearest 100 g (14 lb).lb. If mandrels (cores) are used, collect them afterthe rolls are unwound and weigh them together, to the nearest 100 g (14 lb).lb. Calculate the average mass of the wrappings andmandrels per roll and record.6. Mandrels (Cores)6.1 Determine the shape of the cross secti
19、on of the mandrels (cores) and report. If circular, measure the outside diameter to thenearest 1 mm (132 in.).in. If square, measure each outside edge to the nearest 1 mm (132 in.).in. Measure and report the lengthof the mandrel projecting beyond each end of each roll to the nearest 5 mm (316 in.).
20、in.7. Net Mass7.1 Subtract the average mass of the wrappings and mandrels (Section 5) from the gross mass of each roll (Section 4) and recordas the net mass of each roll. Calculate the average net mass per roll of the representative sample and record as the average for thelot.8. Appearance and Dimen
21、sions of Rolls8.1 Unwind the rolls. Observe the workmanship and finish, and record pertinent defects. Measure and record the length of eachroll to the nearest 25 mm (1 in.)1 in. and its width to the nearest 1 mm (116 in.).in. Calculate and record the area of materialcontained in each roll to the nea
22、rest 0.1 m2(1 ft1 ft2).8.2 Measure and record the width of the selvage of each roll to the nearest 1 mm (116 in.). in.9. Net Mass per Unit Area9.1 From the net mass (Section 7) and the dimensions (Section 8), calculate the net mass per unit area for each roll, as follows:For Felts:g/m25 A/BC lb/100
23、ft2(1)g/m25 A/BC lb/100 ft2(1)5 1200 A/BC D0146_D0146M-04R12E01_1For Fabrics:g/m25 A/BC oz/yd2(2)g/m25 A/BC oz/yd2(2)5 1728 A/BC D0146_D0146M-04R12E01_2where:A = net mass of rolls, kg (lb), lb,B = width of material, m (ft),ft, andC = length of material, m (ft).ft.Calculate the average net mass per u
24、nit area for the rolls in the representative sample and record it as the average for the lot.10. Selecting a Representative Specimen10.1 Examine in detail the roll having the unit net mass closest to the average unit net mass of the lot. Discard the outsideconvolution and cut a specimen the full wid
25、th of the roll. Make the cuts perpendicular to the sides of the roll, straight and 750 mmD146/D146M 04 (2012)12(30 in.)30 in. apart, to the nearest 1 mm (132 in.).in. Collect loose material, such as sand, if any, that may become detachedfrom the specimen. Measure the width of the specimen to the nea
26、rest 2 mm (116 in.).in. Weigh it, together with any detachedsurfacing, to the nearest 1 g. Calculate the net mass per unit area as follows:For Felts:g/m25 1333.3 D/E lb/100 ft25 1.0582 D/E(3)g/m25 1333.3 D/E lb/100 ft25 1.0582 D/E(3)D0146_D0146M-04R12E01_3For Fabrics:g/m25 1333.3 D/E oz/yd2(4)g/m25
27、1333.3 D/E oz/yd2(4)5 1.5238 D/E D0146_D0146M-04R12E01_4where:D = mass of the specimen, g, andE = width of the specimen, mm (in.).in.The mass so determined shall be within 1 % of the average net mass per unit area (Section 9). If the specimen so selected failsto conform to this requirement, cut addi
28、tional specimens from the same roll until one of the proper mass is obtained. Use thisspecimen for further examination as described in Sections 11-16.11. Detached Comminuted Surfacing11.1 If the material is surfaced with sand or other finely comminuted material, sweep the detached surfacing from the
29、representative specimen with an Osborn brush (or equivalent), brushing in one direction only. Combine the comminuted materialthus removed with the loose material, collected as described in Section 10, and weigh both together to the nearest 1 g. Calculatethis mass in g/m2(lb/100 ftlb/100 ft2), record
30、, and report as detached comminuted surfacing.NOTE 1The Osborn No. 322 Master Duster is the brush prescribed in Section 11. It is filled with Tampico fiber bristles projecting 73 mm (2.9 in.)2.9in. from its holder.312. Moisture12.1 From the representative specimen, cut four 50- by 460-mm (2-2- by 18
31、-in.)18-in. test specimens, as shown in A-1 andA-2 of Fig. 1. Cut them into 25-mm (1-in.)1-in. squares and select about 50 g, at random. Weigh to the nearest 0.1 g and distillwith 100 mL of solvent as prescribed in Test Method D95. Read the volume of water collected in the trap and calculate to gram
32、son the basis that 1 mL weighs 1 g. Calculate the moisture to the nearest 0.5 % of the mass of the specimen used (including thedetached comminuted surfacing, if any) and report as moisture, percentage of net mass.NOTE 2Any sample taken for determination of moisture shall be protected from the time o
33、f sampling against change in moisture by enclosing it ina substantially moisture-proof container.13. Strength13.1 Felts:13.1.1 From the representative specimen, cut ten rectangular test strips, 25 by 150 mm (11 by 6 in.)in. with the fiber grain,as shown at B-1 to B-10 in Fig. 1, and ten strips acros
34、s the grain, as shown at C-1 to C-10 in Fig. 1. Discard any specimens ofperforated felt in which a perforation is within 1 mm (132 in.)in. of an edge. Condition both sets in air at 23 6 2C (73.473.46 3.6F)3.6F for at least 2 h, and test in a room maintained at the same temperature. In case of disput
35、e, specimens shall alsobe conditioned in a controlled relative humidity of 50 6 5 %. Determine the strength in accordance with Test Method D828, exceptas modified herein. At the start of the test, set apart the edges of the jaws of the clamps at 75 6 3 mm (3.03.0 6 0.1 in.).in. Usea pendulum-type te
36、nsile tester with a driven clamp speed of 305 mm (12 in.)/min,12 in./min, or a load-cell-type tensile tester witha rate of jaw separation of 51 mm (2 in.)/min,2 in./min, and a response time of 1.25 s (or faster). Cut additional strips fromadjacent areas of the representative specimen when needed bec
37、ause of discarded specimens or false breaks. False breaks occurwithin 1 in. of the clamping surfaces of the tensile tester jaws. Average the ten readings for each set and multiply by 0.04 to yieldthe strength in kN/m. Report to the nearest 0.1 kN/m for both with and across the fiber grain, respectiv
38、ely.3The sole source of supply of the apparatus (Osborn No. 322 Master Duster) known to the committee at this time is Osborn Manufacturing Co., 5401 Hamilton Ave.,Cleveland, OH 44114. (If required in less than dozen lots, the order must be marked “For ASTM Test.”) If you are aware of alternative sup
39、pliers, please provide thisinformation to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical committee, which you mayattend.D146/D146M 04 (2012)1313.1.2 Precision4The following data should be used for judging the acceptability
40、of results (95 % probability) on samplesfrom the same lot from the same supplier:13.1.2.1 RepeatabilityDuplicate results by the same operator should not be considered suspect unless they differ by more thanthe following amount:Pendulum methodLoad-Cell method615 %615 %13.1.2.2 ReproducibilityThe resu
41、lts submitted by each of two laboratories should not be considered suspect unless they differby more than the following amounts:Pendulum methodLoad-Cell method615 %615 %13.2 FabricsFrom the representative specimen, cut five 100- by 150-mm (4-4- by 6-in.)6-in. test pieces with the longerdimension par
42、allel to the warp yarns, as shown at E-1 to E-5 in Fig. 1. Test these pieces at 21 6 1C (69.869.8 6 1.8F)1.8Fin accordance with the grab method described in Test Methods D1682.NOTE 3As a referee method, or in case any dispute arises regarding the strength, repeat the test, with the exception that th
43、e fabric before being testedshall be exposed at least2hinanatmosphere of 65 % relative humidity at 21 6 1C (69.869.8 6 1.8F). 1.8F.14. Pliability14.1 FeltsFrom the representative specimen, cut ten 25- by 200-mm (1-1- by 8-in.)8-in. test pieces, five in the direction of4The sole source of supply of t
44、he apparatus (Osborn No. 322 Master Duster) known to the committee at this time is Osborn Manufacturing Co., 5401 Hamilton Ave.,Cleveland, OH 44114. (If required in less than dozen lots, the order must be marked “For ASTM Test.”) If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide thisinformat
45、ion to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical committee, which you mayattend.4Supporting data are available from ASTM International Headquarters. Request RR:D08-1005.mm 25 50 100 150 300 750in. 1 2 4 6 12 30NOTE 1Al
46、l dimensions are in millimetres.FIG. 1 Location of Test Pieces in Representative SpecimenD146/D146M 04 (2012)14and five across the fiber grain, as shown at F-1 to F-5, and at G-1 to G-5 in Fig. 1, respectively. Immerse them in water at 25 61C (7777 6 1.8F)1.8F for 10 to 15 min; then remove each spec
47、imen separately and immediately bend it 90 over the roundededge of a block at a uniform speed in approximately 2 s. The block shall be 75 mm (3 in.)3 in. square by 50 mm (2 in.)2 in.thick, with one long edge rounded on a radius of 12.7 mm (0.50 in.)0.50 in. and another edge on the same 75 mm (3 in.)
48、3 in.face rounded on a radius of 19 mm (0.75 in.).0.75 in. In bending, hold the specimen tightly against the upper 50-mm (2-in.)2-in.face of the block and bend its projecting end over the specified rounded edge without exerting any stress other than that requiredto keep the specimen in contact with
49、the block and to avoid kinking. Consider any surface rupture visible to the normal eye andexceeding 3 mm (18 in.)in. in length as a failure.14.2 FabricsCut five 25- by 200-mm (1-1- by 8-in.)8-in. test pieces from the representative specimen in the direction of thewarp, as shown at G-1 to G-5 in Fig. 1. Immerse them in a cooling mixture of ice and water at 0C (32F)32F for 10 to 15 min;then remove each specimen separately and
