1、Designation: D 1464 07Standard Test Method forDifferential Dyeing Behavior of Cotton1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 1464; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in
2、 parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers a test for the characterization ofcertain dyeing behavior of cotton. This test method is espe-cially applicable to raw
3、cotton fibers, but may also be adaptedto cotton yarns and fabrics.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the app
4、lica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD 1441 Practice for Sampling Cotton Fibers for TestingD 7139 Terminology for Cotton Fibers3. Terminology3.1 For all terminology related to D13.11, Cotton Fibers, seeTer
5、minology D 7139.3.1.1 The following term is relevant to this standard: differ-ential dyeing behavior.3.2 For all other terminology related to textiles, see Termi-nology D 123.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 Specimens are dyed under specified conditions in a bathcontaining a mixture of prescribed red an
6、d green dyes. Theresultant colors are compared with those of cottons of knowndyeing behavior or fiber properties.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method is not recommended for acceptancetesting because the information obtained is qualitative ratherthan quantitative in nature (see Section 12).5.2
7、 The response of fibers to the dye mixture is indicative ofthe uniformity of dyeing, the probability of dyeing defects dueto neps, and the difficulties to be expected from heterogeneityof fibers that differ in dyeing characteristics. In general, the reddye is retained predominantly by the thick-wall
8、ed fibers andthe green by the thin-walled fibers.5.3 The color response of the specimens to the dyes in thebinary mixture reflects the behavior to be expected with manyother dyes. The colors from red to green may be influenced byfactors such as weather during the growing period, exposure ofopen boll
9、s in the field before harvest, natural color, fineness,and degree of wall development.6. Apparatus6.1 Balance, having a capacity of 1000 g and a sensitivity of0.05 g.6.2 Beakers, preferably of stainless steel, having capacitiesof 400, 1200, 2000, and 3000 mL.6.3 Clothes Wringer, or Centrifuge.6.4 Cy
10、linders, graduated, having capacities of 5, 10, 25, 50,100, and 500 mL or Burets (automatic, screw-top, acid-bottletype preferred).6.5 Bchner Filter Funnel, coarse, fritted-disk, 80-mm.6.6 Source of Suction.6.7 Sewing Machine, or Needle and Thread.6.8 Timer (with Second Hand), or Stop Watch.6.9 Wile
11、y Mill, laboratory, intermediate model.7. Reagents and Material7.1 Dyes:7.1.1 CI Direct Green 26 (Color Index No. 34045), 1 g/100mL stock solution.7.1.2 CI Direct Red 81 (Color Index No. 28160), 0.5 g/100mL stock solution.7.2 Distilled Water.7.3 Sodium Carboxymethyl Cellulose, low viscosity (“Car-bo
12、se D”).7.4 Sodium Carboxymethyl Cellulose Solution (1 %)Dissolve 0.1 g of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose in distilledwater and dilute to 100 mL.NOTE 1Any commercially available distilled water or water singlydistilled in laboratory glassware is acceptable.7.5 Sodium Chloride Solution (1 %)Dissolve1g
13、ofre-agent grade NaCl in 100 mL of distilled water.7.6 Bleached Gauze, such as cheesecloth, or gauze having afabric count of 28 by 24 (approx 11 by 9.5/10 mm).1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on Textilesand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.11 on Cotto
14、n Fibers.Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2007. Published January 2007. Originallyapproved in 1957T. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as D 146490(2002).2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of A
15、STMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.8. Sampling, Selection, and Number of Specimens8.1 Take a lot sample and laboratory samp
16、le as directed inthe applicable material specification or by a plan agreed uponby the parties interested in the test results or, in the absence ofsuch specification or agreement, as directed in Practice D 1441.8.2 Takea3or4-gtest specimen from the sample and placeloosely in a closable bleached cotto
17、n gauze bag. Alternativelyspread out a group of such specimens, slightly separated,between two pieces of cotton gauze, allowing an area of about4 by 4 in. (100 by 100 mm) for each specimen, and sew a seamaround each specimen to form a compartment for it. Identifyeach specimen by some appropriate cod
18、ing system. Considerthe group as a bagged specimen in the subsequent discussion.9. Conditioning9.1 It is not necessary to precondition or condition speci-mens.NOTE 2If samples are obviously wet, dry them in the prevailing roomatmosphere.10. Procedure10.1 Weigh the bagged specimen (specimen and gauze
19、) toobtain the air-dry weight of the total amount of cotton to bedyed.10.2 Prepare a dye bath containing the following for eachgram (air-dry weight) of the cotton (specimen and gauze), 2.4mL of the red dye stock solution, 2.8 mL of the green stocksolution, and distilled water to make a total volume
20、of 40 mL.The dye bath will weigh 40 times the weight of the specimenand gauze.10.3 Heat the dye bath to boiling, add the bagged specimenswithout prewetting, and boil for 15 min. Keep the specimenssubmerged and stir at approximately 3-min intervals. After 15min at the boil, lift the specimens above t
21、he bath and add, withstirring, 2.5 mL of the sodium chloride stock solution per gramof the total weight (specimen and gauze), and sufficientdistilled water to maintain the 40-mL volume for each gram ofthe total weight. Submerge the specimens in the boiling bathfor a second 15-min dyeing period; then
22、 lift the specimenabove the bath and add, while stirring, a second 2.5 mL of thesodium chloride stock solution, per gram of the original totalweight. Replace the specimens in the boiling dye bath for afinal 15 min. The total dyeing time is 45 min.10.4 Lift the dyed specimen from the bath, squeeze, c
23、ool,and wash with two changes of distilled water at room tempera-ture in the proportion of 50 mL of water to1gofair-dry totalweight. Squeeze out the excess water and pull apart the mattedfibers while in the gauze bag. Dip the bagged specimen intovigorously boiling distilled water (50 times the origi
24、nal totalweight) (Notes 2 and 3) for 30 6 1 s with vigorous stirring, liftout, and remove the excess water as rapidly as possible bysqueezing in a clothes wringer or by centrifuging. Rinse thestripped dyed cotton twice in water at room temperature toremove the unbound dye, and squeeze or centrifuge.
25、 Handleeach bagged specimen separately during this operation, buttreat all in as nearly the same manner as possible to ensureuniform treatment and rapid uniform removal of the hot water.NOTE 3The after-treatment with boiling water has a partial andselective stripping effect. The excess red dye is re
26、moved with a relativelysmall proportion of the green dye, thus eliminating grayness and causingmore clearly defined colors, especially green.NOTE 4The time of contact of the dyed material with boiling water iscritical with respect to the final shade. Variations in after-treatment arelargely responsi
27、ble for difficulties in reproducing dyeings.10.5 Remove the dyed specimens from the bags of thesewed gauze, fluff, and allow to dry in the prevailing roomatmosphere.10.6 Observe the over-all color and rank the dyeings ac-cording to relative distributions of red and green fibers in thespecimens. They
28、 may range in color from a pronounced red toa distinct green.10.7 If a more permanent record is desired, cut the specimennearly to a powder, using a Wiley mill with 20-mesh screen.Disperse the cut cotton in an adhesive consisting of a 1 %solution of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (1 g of cotton to 4
29、0mL of solution). Filter by suction on an 80-mm coarse,fritted-disk funnel. Apply air pressure to the stem of the funnelto remove the cotton, and dry as a smooth flat pad. Place agummed label on the rough upper side for identification. Keepthe smooth underside for color inspection. Rank the seriesac
30、cording to color, ranging from red to green, and record theorder.11. Report11.1 State that the specimens were tested as directed inASTM Test Method D 1464. Describe the sample including allavailable information as to the origin and history of the cotton,for example, crop year, variety, place of grow
31、th, and method ofsampling.11.2 Report the following information:11.2.1 The ranking of the dyed specimens in fiber form, andin pad form if determined, according to their color and shadesof color from red to green. State the level of the color rangefrom colors of cottons of known dye behavior or fiber
32、properties.11.2.2 A prediction of the response of products made fromthe same lots of cotton to similar or other dyes from theirbehavior in the binary dye mixture.12. Precision and Bias12.1 PrecisionSince the test results obtained with thismethod are qualitative in nature, no justifiable statement ca
33、n bemade on the precision of Test Method D 1464 for the differ-ential dyeing behavior of cotton.12.2 BiasNo justifiable statement on the bias of TestMethod D 1464 for the differential dyeing behavior of cottoncan be made since the true value of this property cannot beestablished by an accepted refer
34、ee method.13. Keywords13.1 cotton; dyeingD1464072ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights
35、, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for re
36、vision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing yo
37、u shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).D1464073
