1、Designation:D146407Standard Test Method for Designation: D1464 12Standard Practice forDifferential Dyeing Behavior of Cotton1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1464; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision,
2、 the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1This test method covers a test for the characterization of certain dyeing behavior of cotton. This test me
3、thod is especiallyapplicable to raw cotton fibers, but may also be adapted to cotton yarns and fabrics.1.21.1 This practice covers a test for the characterization of certain dyeing behavior of cotton. This practice is especially applicableto raw cotton fibers, but may also be adapted to cotton yarns
4、 and fabrics.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard t
5、o establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD1441 Practice for Sampling Cotton Fibers for TestingD3775 Test Method for Warp (End) and Filling
6、(Pick) Count of Woven FabricsD7139 Terminology for Cotton Fibers3. Terminology3.1 For all terminology related to D13.11, Cotton Fibers, see Terminology D7139.3.1.1 The following term is relevant to this standard: differential dyeing behavior.3.2 For all other terminology related to textiles, see Ter
7、minology D123.4. Summary of Test Method Summary of Practice4.1 Specimens are dyed under specified conditions in a bath containing a mixture of prescribed red and green dyes. The resultantcolors are compared with those of cottons of known dyeing behavior or fiber properties.5. Significance and Use5.1
8、 This test method practice is not recommended for acceptance testing because the information obtained is qualitative ratherthan quantitative in nature (see Section 12). nature.5.2 The response of fibers to the dye mixture is indicative of the uniformity of dyeing, the probability of dyeing defects d
9、ueto neps, and the difficulties to be expected from heterogeneity of fibers that differ in dyeing characteristics. In general, the red dyeis retained predominantly by the thick-walled fibers and the green by the thin-walled fibers.5.3 The color response of the specimens to the dyes in the binary mix
10、ture reflects the behavior to be expected with many otherdyes. The colors from red to green may be influenced by factors such as weather during the growing period, exposure of open bolls1This test method practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on Textiles and is the direct responsib
11、ility of Subcommittee D13.11 on Cotton Fibers.Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2007. Published January 2007. Originally approved in 1957T. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as D146490(2002). DOI:10.1520/D1464-07.Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2012. Published March 2012. Originally approved in
12、 1957 as 1957T. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D146407. DOI:10.1520/D1464-12.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summ
13、ary page on the ASTM website.1This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommend
14、s that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.in the field befor
15、e harvest, natural color, fineness, and degree of wall development.6. Apparatus6.1 Balance, having a capacity of 1000 g and a sensitivity of 0.05 g.6.2 Beakers, preferably of stainless steel, having capacities of 400, 1200, 2000, and 3000 mL.6.3 Clothes Wringer, or Centrifuge.6.4 Cylinders, graduate
16、d, having capacities of 5, 10, 25, 50, 100, and 500 mL or Burets (automatic, screw-top, acid-bottle typepreferred).6.5 Bchner Filter Funnel, coarse, fritted-disk, 80-mm.6.6 Source of Suction.6.7 Sewing Machine, or Needle and Thread.6.8 Timer (with Second Hand), or Stop Watch.6.9 Wiley Mill, laborato
17、ry, intermediate model. , laboratory model.7. Reagents and Material7.1 Dyes:7.1.1 CI Direct Green 26 (Color Index No. 34045), 1 g/100 mL stock solution.7.1.2 CI Direct Red 81 (Color Index No. 28160), 0.5 g/100 mL stock solution.7.2 Distilled Water.7.3 Sodium Carboxymethyl Cellulose, low viscosity (“
18、Carbose D”). , low viscosity.7.4 Sodium Carboxymethyl Cellulose Solution (1 %)Dissolve 0.1 g of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose in distilled water anddilute to 100 mL.NOTE 1Any commercially available distilled water or water singly distilled in laboratory glassware is acceptable.7.5 Sodium Chloride S
19、olution (1 %)Dissolve1gofreagent grade NaCl in 100 mL of distilled water.7.6 Bleached Gauze, such as cheesecloth, or gauze having a fabric count of 28 by 24 (approx 11 by 9.5/10 mm). , such ascheesecloth, or gauze having a fabric count of 28 by 24 warp and filling threads per 25 mm (see D3775).8. Sa
20、mpling, Selection, and Number of Specimens8.1 Take a lot sample and laboratory sample as directed in the applicable material specification or by a plan agreed upon by theparties interested in the test results or, in the absence of such specification or agreement, as directed in Practice D1441.8.2Tak
21、ea3or4-g4gtest specimen from the laboratory sample and place loosely in a closable bleached cotton gauze bag(made from the gauze fabric in 7.6 approximately 100 by 100 mm). Alternatively spread out a group of such specimens, slightlyseparated, between two pieces of cotton gauze, allowing an area of
22、about 4100 by 4 in. (100 by 100 mm)mm for each specimen,and sew a seam around each specimen to form a compartment for it. Identify each specimen by some appropriate coding system.Consider the group as a bagged specimen in the subsequent discussion.9. Conditioning9.1 It is not necessary to preconditi
23、on or condition specimens.NOTE 2If samples are obviously wet, dry them in the prevailing room atmosphere.10. Procedure10.1 Weigh the bagged specimen (specimen and gauze) to obtain the air-dry weight of the total amount of cotton to be dyed.10.2 Prepare a dye bath containing the following for each gr
24、am (air-dry weight) of the cotton (specimen and gauze), 2.4 mLof the red dye stock solution, 2.8 mL of the green stock solution, and distilled water to make a total volume of 40 mL. The dyebath will weigh 40 times the weight of the specimen and gauze.10.3 Heat the dye bath to boiling, add the bagged
25、 specimens without prewetting, and boil for 15 min. Keep the specimenssubmerged and stir at approximately 3-min 3 min intervals. After 15 min at the boil, lift the specimens above the bath and add,with stirring, 2.5 mL of the sodium chloride stock solution per gram of the total weight (specimen and
26、gauze), and sufficientdistilled water to maintain the 40-mL 40 mL volume for each gram of the total weight. Submerge the specimens in the boiling bathfor a second 15-min 15 min dyeing period; then lift the specimen above the bath and add, while stirring, a second 2.5 mL of thesodium chloride stock s
27、olution, per gram of the original total weight. Replace the specimens in the boiling dye bath for a final 15min. The total dyeing time is 45 min.10.4 Lift the dyed specimen from the bath, squeeze, cool, and wash with two changes of distilled water at room temperaturein the proportion of 50 mL of wat
28、er to1gofair-dry total weight. Squeeze out the excess water and pull apart the matted fiberswhile in the gauze bag. Dip the bagged specimen into vigorously boiling distilled water (50 times the original total weight) (Notes23 and 34) for 30 6 1 s with vigorous stirring, lift out, and remove the exce
29、ss water as rapidly as possible by squeezing in a clotheswringer or by centrifuging. Rinse the stripped dyed cotton twice in water at room temperature to remove the unbound dye, andsqueeze or centrifuge. Handle each bagged specimen separately during this operation, but treat all in as nearly the sam
30、e mannerD1464 122as possible to ensure uniform treatment and rapid uniform removal of the hot water.NOTE 3The after-treatment with boiling water has a partial and selective stripping effect. The excess red dye is removed with a relatively smallproportion of the green dye, thus eliminating grayness a
31、nd causing more clearly defined colors, especially green.NOTE 4The time of contact of the dyed material with boiling water is critical with respect to the final shade. Variations in after-treatment are largelyresponsible for difficulties in reproducing dyeings.10.5 Remove the dyed specimens from the
32、 bags of the sewed gauze, fluff, and allow to dry drying in the prevailing roomatmosphere.10.6 Observe the over-all color and rank the dyeingsdyeing according to relative distributions of red and green fibers in thespecimens. They may range in color from a pronounced red to a distinct green.10.7 If
33、a more permanent record is desired, cut the specimen nearly to a powder, using a Wiley mill with 20-mesh 20 meshscreen. Disperse the cut cotton in an adhesive consisting of a 1 % solution of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (1 g of cotton to40 mL of solution). Filter by suction on an 80-mm80 mm coarse
34、, fritted-disk funnel. Apply air pressure to the stem of the funnelto remove the cotton, and dry as a smooth flat pad. Place a gummed label on the rough upper side for identification. Keep thesmooth underside for color inspection. Rank the series according to color, ranging from red to green, and re
35、cord the order.11. Report11.1 State that the specimens were tested prepared and dyed as directed in ASTM Test MethodPractice D1464. Describe thesample including all available information as to the origin and history of the cotton, for example, crop year, variety, place ofgrowth, and method of sampli
36、ng.11.2 Report the following information:11.2.1 The ranking of the dyed specimens in fiber form, and in pad form if determined, according to their color and shades ofcolor from red to green. State the level of the color range from colors of cottons of known dye behavior or fiber properties.11.2.2 A
37、prediction of the response of products made from the same lots of cotton to similar or other dyes from their behaviorin the binary dye mixture.12. Precision and Bias12.1PrecisionSince the test results obtained with this method are qualitative in nature, no justifiable statement can be madeon the pre
38、cision of Test Method D1464 for the differential dyeing behavior of cotton.12.2BiasNo justifiable statement on the bias of Test Method D1464 for the differential dyeing behavior of cotton can be madesince the true value of this property cannot be established by an accepted referee method.13.Keywords
39、13.1 cotton; dyeing12.1 cotton; dyeingASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the r
40、iskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of t
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42、e your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).D1464 123
