1、Designation: D 1508 02 (Reapproved 2007)Standard Test Method forCarbon Black, Pelleted Fines and Attrition1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 1508; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last
2、 revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of the finesand attrition of pelleted carbon black.1.2 This standard does not p
3、urport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2
4、D 1511 Test Method for Carbon BlackPellet Size Distri-butionD 1799 Practice for Carbon BlackSampling PackagedShipmentsD 1900 Practice for Carbon BlackSampling Bulk Ship-mentsD 4483 Practice for Evaluating Precision for Test MethodStandards in the Rubber and Carbon Black ManufacturingIndustriesD 5817
5、 Practice for Carbon Black, PelletedReduction,Blending, and Drying of Gross Samples for TestingE11 Specification for Wire Cloth and Sieves for TestingPurposes3. Summary of Test Method3.1 Method A, FinesA sample of carbon black is placedon a 125-m sieve and shaken in a mechanical or vibratorysieve sh
6、aker for 5 min. The pellets, pellet fragments, dust, andunpelletized black that pass through the sieve are defined ascarbon black fines. The fines are expressed in percent.3.2 Method B, AttritionThe same test sample is shaken foran additional 15 min to determine the amount of pelletdegradation or at
7、trition created during this additional shakeinterval. The attrition is expressed in percent.4. Significance and Use4.1 Method A, FinesThe fines content of carbon black isrelated to the bulk flowability, dustiness, and, in some in-stances, the level of dispersion. Due to the many othervariables that
8、influence dispersion and handling, the signifi-cance of fines content must be determined by the user.4.2 Method B, AttritionBy comparing the percent finesand attrition, an indication can be obtained of pellet stabilityand the amount of fines that may be created by pelletdegradation in conveying, han
9、dling or transit.5. Apparatus5.1 Mechanical or Vibratory Sieve Shaker.35.2 Sieves, six 125-m (U.S. Standard No. 120) having a200-mm (8-in.) diameter and 25-mm (1-in.) height, or equiva-lent, conforming to Specification E11.5.3 Sieve Separator Receivers, five required.5.4 Sieve Cover.5.5 Bottom Recei
10、ver Pan.5.6 Riffle Sample Splitter.5.7 Small Scoop or Large Spoon.5.8 Balance, 0.1-g sensitivity.6. Sampling6.1 Samples shall be taken in accordance with PracticeD 1799 or Practice D 1900.6.2 Practice D 5817 shall be used for reduction and blend-ing of samples.7. Procedure7.1 Method A, Fines and Met
11、hod B, Attrition:7.1.1 Stack up to six sets of sieves and receivers with areceiver beneath each sieve.7.1.2 Weigh 25.0 g portions, being careful to dip approxi-mately 25 g of black from the riffle splitter.NOTE 1It is not good practice to weigh the sample by pouring itdirectly out of the black conta
12、iner since the fines and smaller pellets willtend to remain in the container while the larger pellets pour out first.Dipping the black from the container is the preferred technique.7.1.3 Transfer each sample to an individual 125-m sieve.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D
13、24 on CarbonBlack and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D24.51 on Carbon BlackPellet Properties.Current edition approved May 1, 2007. Published July 2007. Originally approvedin 1957. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as D 1508 02e2.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM websi
14、te, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3A RoTap or vibratory sieve shaker is satisfactory for this purpose. For adescription of these refer to Test Meth
15、od D 1511.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.NOTE 2Six different materials or samples may be tested when all sixsets of sieves are used. In some labs the position of the sieve may affectresults with the higher sieves yie
16、lding higher fines data. For this reason thecenter position, sieves 3 and 4, should be used for referee testing.7.1.4 Assemble up to six sets of sieves and receivers into astack. Place a cover on top and transfer to the shaker. Tightenthe shaker to eliminate any looseness. Refer to the user manualfo
17、r operation of the vibratory sieve shaker. A vibratory ampli-tude of 1.3 mm should be selected with the vibratory sieveshakers operating at 3600 vpm. However, products that containlittle or no binder may experience excessive attrition at thespecified amplitude of 1.3 mm. It is the responsibility of
18、theuser to determine the appropriate amplitude for these productsin order to match the Ro-Tap3values. It should be noted thatchanging the amplitude for standard products is not recom-mended and may result in erroneous values.7.1.5 Start the shaker and allow to shake for 5 min with thehammer operatin
19、g.7.1.6 Remove the sieve assembly from the shaker and weighthe carbon black retained in each receiver to the nearest 0.1 g.NOTE 3To test only attrition, discard the fines without weighing.7.2 Method A, Fines:7.2.1 If testing only fines, empty and clean thoroughly allsieves in preparation for the nex
20、t test.NOTE 4If attrition is to be tested, retain the pellets on the sieve anddiscard the fines on the receiver. Proceed to Method B, Attrition.7.3 Method B, Attrition:7.3.1 Reassemble the sieves and transfer the stack back tothe shaker. Shake for an additional 15 min with the hammeroperating.7.3.2
21、Remove the sieve assembly and weigh the carbonblack retained on each receiver to the nearest 0.1 g.7.3.3 Empty and clean thoroughly all sieves in preparationfor the next test.8. Calculation8.1 Calculate the fines content to the nearest 0.1 % asfollows:F 5WF/S!3100 (1)8.2 Calculate attrition to the n
22、earest 0.1 % as follows:A 5WA/S!3100 (2)where:A = attrition, %,F = fines content, %,WF = mass of carbon black in receiver after 5 min shake, g,WA = mass of carbon black in receiver after additional 15min shake, total 20 min g, andS = mass of black tested, g.9. Report9.1 Report the following informat
23、ion:9.1.1 Proper identification of the sample.9.1.2 Time duration of shaking.9.1.3 Results obtained, reported to the nearest 0.1 %.10. Precision and Bias10.1 These precision statements have been prepared inaccordance with Practice D 4483. Refer to this practice forterminology and other statistical d
24、etails.10.2 The precision results in this precision and bias sectiongive an estimate of the precision for fines and attrition testing.The precision parameters should not be used for acceptance orrejection testing of any group of materials without documen-tation that they are applicable to those part
25、icular materials andthe specific testing protocols of the test method.10.3 A Type 1 interlaboratory precision program was con-ducted in May 1998. Both repeatability and reproducibilityrepresent short term testing conditions. Seven laboratoriestested four carbon blacks twice on two different days. A
26、testresult is the value obtained from a single determination.Acceptable difference values were not measured. The betweenoperator component of variation is included in the calculatedvalues for r and R.10.4 The results of the precision calculations for this test aregiven in Table 1 and Table 2 respect
27、ively. The materials arearranged in ascending “mean level” order.10.5 Precision is dependent upon the amount of fines orattrition. It can be estimated by selecting a material from Table1 and Table 2 with properties similar to the test material andreading the corresponding precision figures.10.6 Repe
28、atabilityThe test repeatability of fines, r orattrition (r) has been established as any appropriate value inTable 1 or Table 2 Two single test results that differ by morethan the tabulated value must be considered suspect. Appro-priate action should be taken.10.7 ReproducibilityThe test reproducibil
29、ity of fines, R orattrition, (R) has been established as any appropriate value inTable 1 or Table 2. Two single test results that differ by morethan the tabulated value must be considered suspect. Appro-priate action should be taken.10.8 BiasReference values do not exist for fines andattrition since
30、 the levels of the test properties are definedexclusively by the test method. Therefore bias cannot bedetermined.10.9 Test precision using vibratory sieve shakers has notbeen determined.11. Keywords11.1 attrition; carbon black; fines; pellet qualityTABLE 1 Test Method Precision-Type 1: Five Minute F
31、ines (%)Materials MeanLevel %Within Laboratories Between LaboratoriesSr r (r) SR R (R)Material C 1.5 0.31 0.9 60.2 0.51 1.5 98.9Material A 2.2 0.53 1.5 69.2 0.68 1.9 88.4Material D 4.5 0.89 2.5 55.7 1.03 2.9 64.4Material B 9.8 0.87 2.5 25.2 0.91 2.6 26.4Pooled Values 4.5 0.70 2.0 43.8 0.81 2.3 51.1D
32、 1508 02 (2007)2ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of
33、such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for ad
34、ditional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to
35、the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at t
36、he aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).TABLE 2 Test Method Precision-Type 1: Attrition (%)NOTESr = repeatability standard deviation, in measurement units.r = repeatability, in measurement units.(r) = repe
37、atability, (relative) percent.SR = reproducibility standard deviation, in measurement units.R = reproducibility, in measurement units.(R) = reproducibility, (relative) percent.Materials MeanLevel %Within Laboratories Between LaboratoriesSr r (r) SR R (R)Material B 0.9 0.14 0.4 46.1 0.24 0.7 78.1Material A 0.9 0.15 0.4 47.2 0.23 0.6 69.6Material D 1.8 0.25 0.7 39.7 0.54 1.5 85.2Material C 2.3 0.19 0.6 24.0 0.61 1.7 75.4Pooled Values 1.5 0.19 0.5 36.7 0.44 1.2 84.8D 1508 02 (2007)3
