1、Designation: D1508 12 (Reapproved 2017)Standard Test Method forCarbon Black, Pelleted Fines and Attrition1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1508; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last r
2、evision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of the finesand attrition of pelleted carbon black.1.2 This standard does not purp
3、ort to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.3 This international standar
4、d was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Refe
5、renced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1511 Test Method for Carbon BlackPellet Size Distri-butionD1799 Practice for Carbon BlackSampling PackagedShipmentsD1900 Practice for Carbon BlackSampling Bulk Ship-mentsD4483 Practice for Evaluating Precision for Test MethodStandards in the Rubber and Carbon Bla
6、ck ManufacturingIndustriesD5817 Practice for Carbon Black, PelletedReduction,Blending, and Drying of Gross Samples for TestingE11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and TestSieves3. Summary of Test Method3.1 Method A, FinesAsample of carbon black is placed ona 125-m sieve and shaken in a
7、mechanical or vibratory sieveshaker for 5 min. The pellets, pellet fragments, dust, andunpelletized black that pass through the sieve are defined ascarbon black fines. The fines are expressed in percent.3.2 Method B, AttritionThe same test sample is shaken foran additional 15 min to determine the am
8、ount of pelletdegradation or attrition created during this additional shakeinterval. The attrition is expressed in percent.4. Significance and Use4.1 Method A, FinesThe fines content of carbon black isrelated to the bulk flowability, dustiness, and, in someinstances, the level of dispersion. Due to
9、the many othervariables that influence dispersion and handling, the signifi-cance of fines content must be determined by the user.4.2 Method B, AttritionBy comparing the percent finesand attrition, an indication can be obtained of pellet stabilityand the amount of fines that may be created by pellet
10、degradation in conveying, handling or transit.5. Apparatus5.1 Mechanical or Vibratory Sieve Shaker.35.2 Sieves, six 125-m (U.S. Standard No. 120) having a200-mm (8-in.) diameter and 25-mm (1-in.) height, orequivalent, conforming to Specification E11.5.3 Sieve Separator Receivers, five required.5.4 S
11、ieve Cover.5.5 Bottom Receiver Pan.5.6 Riffle Sample Splitter.5.7 Small Scoop or Large Spoon.5.8 Balance, 0.1-g sensitivity.6. Sampling6.1 Samples shall be taken in accordance with PracticeD1799 or Practice D1900.6.2 Practice D5817 shall be used for reduction and blendingof samples.1This test method
12、 is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D24 on CarbonBlack and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D24.51 on Carbon BlackPellet Properties.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2017. Published December 2017. Originallyapproved in 1957. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as D1508 12. DOI
13、:10.1520/D1508-12R17.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3A Mechanical Sieve Shaker or a vibrator
14、y sieve shaker is satisfactory for thispurpose. For a description of these refer to Test Method D1511.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recogniz
15、ed principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.17. Procedure7.1 Method A, Fines and Method B, Attrition:7.1.1 Stack
16、 up to six sets of sieves and receivers with areceiver beneath each sieve.7.1.2 Weigh 25.0 g portions, being careful to dip approxi-mately 25 g of black from the riffle splitter.NOTE 1It is not good practice to weigh the sample by pouring itdirectly out of the black container since the fines and sma
17、ller pellets willtend to remain in the container while the larger pellets pour out first.Dipping the black from the container is the preferred technique.7.1.3 Transfer each sample to an individual 125-m sieve.NOTE 2Six different materials or samples may be tested when all sixsets of sieves are used.
18、 In some labs the position of the sieve may affectresults with the higher sieves yielding higher fines data. For this reason thecenter position, sieves 3 and 4, should be used for referee testing.7.1.4 Assemble up to six sets of sieves and receivers into astack. Place a cover on top and transfer to
19、the shaker. Tightenthe shaker to eliminate any looseness. Refer to the user manualfor operation of the vibratory sieve shaker. A vibratory ampli-tude of 1.3 mm should be selected with the vibratory sieveshakers operating at 3600 vpm. However, products that containlittle or no binder may experience e
20、xcessive attrition at thespecified amplitude of 1.3 mm. It is the responsibility of theuser to determine the appropriate amplitude for these productsin order to match the Mechanical Sieve Shaker3values. Itshould be noted that changing the amplitude for standardproducts is not recommended and may res
21、ult in erroneousvalues.7.1.5 Start the shaker and allow to shake for 5 min with thehammer operating.7.1.6 Remove the sieve assembly from the shaker and weighthe carbon black retained in each receiver to the nearest 0.1 g.NOTE 3To test only attrition, discard the fines without weighing.7.2 Method A,
22、FinesIf testing only fines, empty and cleanthoroughly all sieves in preparation for the next test.NOTE 4If attrition is to be tested, retain the pellets on the sieve anddiscard the fines on the receiver. Proceed to Method B, Attrition.7.3 Method B, Attrition:7.3.1 Reassemble the sieves and transfer
23、the stack back tothe shaker. Shake for an additional 15 min with the hammeroperating.7.3.2 Remove the sieve assembly and weigh the carbonblack retained on each receiver to the nearest 0.1 g.7.3.3 Empty and clean thoroughly all sieves in preparationfor the next test.8. Calculation8.1 Calculate the fi
24、nes content to the nearest 0.1 % asfollows:F 5 WF/S! 3100 (1)8.2 Calculate attrition to the nearest 0.1 % as follows:A 5 WA/S! 3100 (2)where:A = attrition, %,F = fines content, %,WF = mass of carbon black in receiver after 5 min shake, g,WA = mass of carbon black in receiver after additional 15min s
25、hake, total 20 min g, andS = mass of black tested, g.9. Report9.1 Report the following information:9.1.1 Proper identification of the sample.9.1.2 Time duration of shaking.9.1.3 Results obtained, reported to the nearest 0.1 %.10. Precision and Bias10.1 These precision statements have been prepared i
26、naccordance with Practice D4483. Refer to this practice forterminology and other statistical details.10.2 The precision results in this precision and bias sectiongive an estimate of the precision for fines and attrition testing.The precision parameters should not be used for acceptance orrejection t
27、esting of any group of materials without documen-tation that they are applicable to those particular materials andthe specific testing protocols of the test method.10.3 A Type 1 interlaboratory precision program was con-ducted in May 1998. Both repeatability and reproducibilityrepresent short term t
28、esting conditions. Seven laboratoriestested four carbon blacks twice on two different days. A testresult is the value obtained from a single determination.Acceptable difference values were not measured. The betweenoperator component of variation is included in the calculatedvalues for r and R.10.4 T
29、he results of the precision calculations for this test aregiven in Table 1 and Table 2 respectively. The materials arearranged in ascending “mean level” order.10.5 Precision is dependent upon the amount of fines orattrition. It can be estimated by selecting a material from Table1 and Table 2 with pr
30、operties similar to the test material andreading the corresponding precision figures.10.6 RepeatabilityThe test repeatability of fines, r orattrition (r) has been established as any appropriate value inTable 1 or Table 2 Two single test results that differ by morethan the tabulated value must be con
31、sidered suspect. Appro-priate action should be taken.10.7 ReproducibilityThe test reproducibility of fines, R orattrition, (R) has been established as any appropriate value inTable 1 or Table 2. Two single test results that differ by moreTABLE 1 Test Method Precision-Type 1: Five Minute Fines (%)Mat
32、erials MeanLevel %Within Laboratories Between LaboratoriesSr r (r) SR R (R)Material C 1.5 0.31 0.9 60.2 0.51 1.5 98.9Material A 2.2 0.53 1.5 69.2 0.68 1.9 88.4Material D 4.5 0.89 2.5 55.7 1.03 2.9 64.4Material B 9.8 0.87 2.5 25.2 0.91 2.6 26.4Pooled orAverage Values4.5 0.70 2.0 43.8 0.81 2.3 51.1D15
33、08 12 (2017)2than the tabulated value must be considered suspect. Appro-priate action should be taken.10.8 BiasReference values do not exist for fines andattrition since the levels of the test properties are definedexclusively by the test method. Therefore bias cannot bedetermined.10.9 Test precisio
34、n using vibratory sieve shakers has notbeen determined.11. Keywords11.1 attrition; carbon black; fines; pellet qualityASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly
35、 advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, ei
36、ther reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may atten
37、d. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. In
38、dividual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secure
39、d from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ 2 Test Method Precision-Type 1: Attrition (%)NOTE 1Sr = repeatability standard deviation, in measurement units.r = repeatability, in measurement units.(r) = repeatability, (relative) percent.SR =
40、 reproducibility standard deviation, in measurement units.R = reproducibility, in measurement units.(R) = reproducibility, (relative) percent.Materials MeanLevel %Within Laboratories Between LaboratoriesSr r (r) SR R (R)Material B 0.9 0.14 0.4 46.1 0.24 0.7 78.1Material A 0.9 0.15 0.4 47.2 0.23 0.6 69.6Material D 1.8 0.25 0.7 39.7 0.54 1.5 85.2Material C 2.3 0.19 0.6 24.0 0.61 1.7 75.4Pooled orAverage Values1.5 0.19 0.5 36.7 0.44 1.2 84.8D1508 12 (2017)3
