1、Designation: D 1555M 04aMETRICStandard Test Method forCalculation of Volume and Weight of Industrial AromaticHydrocarbons and Cyclohexane Metric1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 1555M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in
2、 the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This standard is for use in calculating the weight andvolume of benzene, toluene,
3、 mixed xylenes, styrene, ortho-xylene, meta-xylene, para-xylene, cumene, ethylbenzene,148.9 to 176.7C and 176.7 to 204.4C aromatic hydrocarbons,and cyclohexane. A method is given for calculating the volumeat 15C from an observed volume at tC. Table 1 lists thedensity in grams per cubic centimetre at
4、 15C for high puritychemicals.1.2 Calculated results shall be rounded off in accordancewith the rounding-off method of Practice E29.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establ
5、ish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 1217 Test Method for Density and Relative Density(Specific Gravity) of Liquids by Bingham PycnometerD 1555 Method for Calculation of Volum
6、e and Weight ofIndustrial Aromatic Hydrocarbons and CyclohexaneD 3505 Test Method for Density or Relative Density ofPure Liquid ChemicalsD 4052 Test Method for Density and Relative Density ofLiquids by Digital Density MeterE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data toDetermine Conformanc
7、e with Specifications2.2 Other Documents:Patterson, J. B., and Morris, E. C., Metrologia, 31, 1994,pp. 277-288TRC Thermodynamic TablesHydrocarbons, NSRDS-NIST 75-121, Supplement No. 121, April 30, 20013. Significance and Use3.1 This test method is suitable for use in calculatingweights and volumes o
8、f the products outlined in Section 1. Theinformation presented can be used for determining quantities ofthe above-stated aromatic hydrocarbons in tanks, shippingcontainers, etc.4. Basic Data4.1 Densities of pure materials at 15C are derived fromdensities furnished by NSRDS-NIST 75-121 (National Stan
9、-dard Reference Data SeriesNational Institute of Standardsand Technology). Densities of impure materials should bedetermined by actual measurement (see Section 7).4.2 The VCF (Volume Correction Factor) equations pro-vided below are derived from the Volume Correction imple-mentation procedures presen
10、ted in Method D 1555 - 04.4.3 The former VCF tables were based on data for com-pounds of the highest purity, but were reported to be usable formaterials in the ranges indicated in Table 2. The data support-ing this conclusion appears to be unavailable at the presenttime; however there is no reason t
11、o change this recommenda-tion. If, depending on the composition of the impurities, thereis reason to suspect that the VCF implementation procedurespresented below do not apply to a particular impure product, aseparate implementation procedure should be independentlydetermined. This may be done by me
12、asuring the density of arepresentative sample at different temperatures throughout theexpected working temperature range, regressing the data toobtain a temperature/density equation that best reproduces theobserved data, and then dividing the constants of thetemperature/density equation by the calcu
13、lated density at 15C.Alternatively, if the composition has been quantified one canuse the VCFs of each component (if available) to calculate a1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D16 onAromatic Hydrocarbons and Related Chemicals and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommitte
14、e D16.01 on Benzene, Toluene, Xylenes, Cyclohexane and TheirDerivatives.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2004. Published January 2005. Originallyapproved in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D 1555M 04.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM
15、 Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshoh
16、ocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.weighted average density at different temperatures and thenprocess the data as mentioned above.5. Volume Correction Factor Implementation Procedure5.1 The following general equation is used to generate theVolume Correction Factors:VCF 5a 1 b 1.8t132! 1 c 1.8t132!2
17、1 d 1.8t132!31e 1.8t132!4!/VCF59F(1)where:t = temperature in Cand the constants a through e and VCF59Fare specific to eachcompound (obtained from Method D155504and presentedin Table 3).5.1.1 Temperature may be entered in tenths of a degreeCentigrade.5.1.2 The final result is rounded to 5 places past
18、 the decimal.No intermediate rounding or truncation should be done.5.1.3 The equations are valid for liquid product up to 60C(65.5C for p-xylene).5.1.4 This implementation procedure replaces the printedtables of the previous edition of this Method for determiningVCFs. The implementation procedure is
19、 the Standard, notthe printed tables. However, a printout of the implementationprocedure is provided in 0.5C increments for the usersconvenience (Table 4).TABLE 1 Physical PropertiesProductFreezingPointCBoilingPointCDensity in Vacuoat 15Cg/ccA,B,CDensity in Airat 15Cg/ccDBenzene 5.6 80.1 0.88431 0.8
20、8324Cumene -96.1 152.4 0.86586 0.86479Cyclohexane 6.6 80.7 0.78317 0.78209Ethylbenzene -95.0 136.2 0.87126 0.87019Styrene -30.6 145.2 0.91028 0.90922Toluene -95.0 110.6 0.87147 0.87040m-Xylene -47.9 139.1 0.86831 0.86724o-Xylene -25.2 144.4 0.88387 0.88280p-Xylene 13.3 138.3 0.86501 0.86394AObtained
21、 from Method D155504by multiplying the chemicals 60F density by the volume correction factor for 59F.BSpecific Gravity at 15C is not presented in this table as it is unnecessary to this standard. If needed, divide 15C density in g/cc by 0.999102 g/cc. See Appendix X1.Cg/cc can be converted to kg/100
22、0L or kg/m3by multiplying by 1000.DProduced using g/cc = (Density 1.00014992597 0.00119940779543) and rounding to 5 decimal places. See Appendix X2.NOTEDensities (or weights) “in vacuo” represent the true density (or weight) if measured in a vacuum without the buoyancy effect of air acting onthe liq
23、uid. It is representative of the actual amount of product present. Densities (or weights) “in air” represent what would actually be measured on ascale. The difference is on the order of 0.13 %. Modern densitometers measure density in vacuo and the ASTM and API recommend the use of in vacuodensities
24、(or weights); however, the purchaser and seller should agree on which to use in their transactions.TABLE 2 Application Range of Implementation ProcedureImpure Products RangeBenzene 95 to 100%Cumene 95 to 100%Cyclohexane 90 to 100%Ethylbenzene 95 to 100%Styrene 95 to 100%Toluene 95 to 100%Mixed Xylen
25、es All proportionsm-Xylene 95 to 100%o-Xylene 95 to 100%p-Xylene 94 to 100%148.9-176.7C Aromatic Hydrocarbons All proportions176.7-204.4C Aromatic Hydrocarbons All proportionsTABLE 3 VCF ConstantsProduct a b c d e VCF59FBenzene 1.038382492 -6.2307 3 10-4-2.8505 3 10-71.2692 3 10-100 1.00066Cumene 1.
26、032401114 -5.3445 3 10-4-9.5067 3 10-83.6272 3 10-110 1.00055Cyclohexane 1.039337296 -6.4728 3 10-4-1.4582 3 10-71.03538 3 10-100 1.00066Ethylbenzene 1.033346632 -5.5243 3 10-48.37035 3 10-10-1.2692 3 10-95.55061 3 10-121.00056Styrene 1.032227515 -5.3444 3 10-4-4.4323 3 10-80 0 1.00054Toluene 1.0353
27、23647 -5.8887 3 10-42.46508 3 10-9-7.2802 3 10-120 1.00059m-XyleneA1.031887514 -5.2326 3 10-4-1.3253 3 10-7-7.35960 3 10-110 1.00054o-Xylene 1.031436449 -5.2302 3 10-4-2.5217 3 10-9-2.13840 3 10-100 1.00053p-Xylene 1.032307000 -5.2815 3 10-4-1.8416 3 10-71.89256 3 10-100 1.00054148.9-176.7C 1.031118
28、000 -5.1827 3 10-4-3.5109 3 10-9-1.98360 3 10-110 1.00052176.7-204.4C 1.029099000 -4.8287 3 10-4-3.7692 3 10-83.78575 3 10-110 1.00049Aand Mixed Xylenes.D 1555M 04a26. Use of the Implementation Procedure6.1 Volume Reduction to 15CEnter the appropriate equa-tion with the temperature to the nearest 0.
29、1 degree Centigradeat which the bulk volume was measured (temperature t). Afterperforming the mathematical operations, round the resultingVCF to 5 places past the decimal. Multiply the bulk volumemeasurement at temperature t by the VCF.NOTE 1The purchaser and seller should agree on a reasonable poli
30、cyin regard to rounding of final numbers in all computations. Rounding thefinal weight or volume to five significant figures is, in most cases, alsoacceptable.6.1.1 Example 1What is the volume at 15C of a tank carof p-xylene whose volume was measured to be 35,129 litres ata mean temperature of 31.7C
31、?6.1.1.1 Enter Eq 1 with 31.7 and the appropriate constantsfrom Table 3 to calculate a VCF of 0.98341. The volume at15C is:35,129 0.98341 5 34,546 litres6.2 Converting Volume to Weight for Chemicals Listed inTable 1Multiply the volume in litres at 15C by the appro-priate density in kg/L at 15C (see
32、Table 1 and Table 1 Note).6.2.1 Example 2What is the weight of p-xylene whosevolume is 34,546 litres?6.2.1.1 The weight is:34,546 0.86501 5 29,883 kg in vacuoor34,546 0.86394 5 29,846 kg in air6.3 Converting Volume to Weight for MixturesCorrect themeasured bulk volume to 15C as described in 6.1. Det
33、erminethe density in vacuo at 15C in grams per millilitre (equivalentto grams per cubic centimetre and kilograms per litre) asdescribed in Section 7. To obtain the density in air at 15C, usethe equation described in footnote D of Table 1 (or refer toAppendix X2).6.3.1 Example 3If the p-xylene in Exa
34、mple 2 is less than100 % pure, its density should be determined by actualmeasurement. For instance, if the p-xylene is 95 % pure and itsdensity has been determined to be 0.86555 g/mL (in vacuo)at15C, the density in air is:0.865551.00014992597 0.00119940779543! 5 0.86448 g/cc in air6.3.1.1 The weight
35、 of the net volume is thus:34,546 0.86555 5 29,901 kg in vacuoor34 546 0.86448 5 29,864 kg in air6.3.2 Example 4What is the weight of the contents of atank car of mixed xylenes having a measured 15C density of0.87685 g/mL (in vacuo), whose volume was determined to be35,129 litres at a mean temperatu
36、re of 31.7C?6.3.2.1 Enter Eq 1 with 31.7 and the appropriate constantsfrom Table 3 to calculate a VCF of 0.98365. The volume at15C is:35,129 0.98365 5 34,555 litres6.3.2.2 The density in air at 15C is:0.87685 1.00014992597 0.00119940779543! 5 0.87578 g/cc in air6.3.2.3 The weight of the net volume i
37、s thus:34,555 0.87685 5 30,300 kg in vacuoor34 555 0.87578 5 30,263 kg in air7. Density Determination7.1 Density determinations may be carried out by anyprocedure known to be reliable to at least 4 digits. TestMethods D 1217, D 3505, and D 4052 are suitable and arewritten to give density in vacuo. T
38、hey should be used withcaution, however, as they may be using older data than thatupon which this standard is based upon.8. Precision and Bias8.1 Since this is a calculation method, no precision and biasstatement is required.9. Keywords9.1 aromatic; benzene; calculation; conversion; cumene;density;
39、ethylbenzene; in air; in vacuo; m-xylene; mixedxylene; o-xylene; p-xylene; specific gravity; styrene;148.9 to176.7C aromatic hydrocarbons;176.7 to 204.4C aromatichydrocarbons; toluene; volume; weightD 1555M 04a3TABLE 4 Volume Correction FactorsVolume Correction to 15CTemperatureCBenzene Cumene Cyclo
40、hexane Ethylbenzene Styrene Toluenem-XyleneandMixedXyleneso-Xylene p-Xylene300 to350CAromaticHydrocarbons350 to400CAromaticHydrocarbons-20.5 . . . . . . . . . . .-20.0 . . . . . 1.03707 . . . . .-19.5 . . . . . 1.03654 . . . . .-19.0 . . . . . 1.03601 . . . . .-18.5 . . . . . 1.03548 . . . . .-18.0
41、. . . . . 1.03495 . . . . .-17.5 . . . . . 1.03442 . . . . .-17.0 . . . . . 1.03389 . . . . .-16.5 . . . . . 1.03336 . . . . .-16.0 . . . . . 1.03283 . . . . .-15.5 . . . . . 1.03230 . . . . .-15.0 . 1.02916 . 1.03001 . 1.03177 1.02871 1.02828 . 1.02799 1.02618-14.5 . 1.02868 . 1.02951 . 1.03124 1.0
42、2824 1.02781 . 1.02753 1.02575-14.0 . 1.02820 . 1.02901 . 1.03071 1.02777 1.02734 . 1.02706 1.02531-13.5 . 1.02771 . 1.02852 . 1.03018 1.02730 1.02686 . 1.02659 1.02488-13.0 . 1.02723 . 1.02802 . 1.02965 1.02682 1.02639 . 1.02613 1.02444-12.5 . 1.02675 . 1.02752 . 1.02912 1.02635 1.02592 . 1.02566 1
43、.02401-12.0 . 1.02627 . 1.02702 . 1.02859 1.02588 1.02545 . 1.02519 1.02357-11.5 . 1.02579 . 1.02653 . 1.02806 1.02540 1.02498 . 1.02473 1.02314-11.0 . 1.02530 . 1.02603 . 1.02753 1.02493 1.02451 . 1.02426 1.02270-10.5 . 1.02482 . 1.02553 . 1.02700 1.02446 1.02404 . 1.02380 1.02227-10.0 . 1.02434 .
44、1.02504 . 1.02647 1.02398 1.02357 . 1.02333 1.02183-9.5 . 1.02385 . 1.02454 . 1.02594 1.02351 1.02310 . 1.02286 1.02140-9.0 . 1.02337 . 1.02404 1.02322 1.02542 1.02303 1.02263 . 1.02240 1.02096-8.5 . 1.02289 . 1.02354 1.02274 1.02489 1.02256 1.02216 . 1.02193 1.02052-8.0 . 1.02240 . 1.02304 1.02226
45、1.02436 1.02208 1.02169 . 1.02146 1.02009-7.5 . 1.02192 . 1.02255 1.02177 1.02383 1.02161 1.02122 . 1.02100 1.01965-7.0 . 1.02144 . 1.02205 1.02129 1.02330 1.02113 1.02075 . 1.02053 1.01922-6.5 . 1.02095 . 1.02155 1.02081 1.02277 1.02066 1.02028 . 1.02007 1.01878-6.0 . 1.02047 . 1.02105 1.02033 1.02
46、224 1.02018 1.01980 . 1.01960 1.01835-5.5 . 1.01998 . 1.02055 1.01984 1.02171 1.01971 1.01933 . 1.01913 1.01791-5.0 . 1.01950 . 1.02006 1.01936 1.02118 1.01923 1.01886 . 1.01867 1.01747-4.5 . 1.01901 . 1.01956 1.01888 1.02065 1.01875 1.01839 . 1.01820 1.01704-4.0 . 1.01853 . 1.01906 1.01840 1.02012
47、1.01828 1.01792 . 1.01773 1.01660-3.5 . 1.01804 . 1.01856 1.01791 1.01959 1.01780 1.01745 . 1.01727 1.01617-3.0 . 1.01756 . 1.01806 1.01743 1.01906 1.01732 1.01698 . 1.01680 1.01573-2.5 . 1.01707 . 1.01756 1.01695 1.01853 1.01685 1.01651 . 1.01633 1.01529-2.0 . 1.01659 . 1.01706 1.01646 1.01800 1.01
48、637 1.01604 . 1.01587 1.01486-1.5 . 1.01610 . 1.01656 1.01598 1.01747 1.01589 1.01557 . 1.01540 1.01442-1.0 . 1.01562 . 1.01606 1.01550 1.01694 1.01541 1.01510 . 1.01493 1.01399-0.5 . 1.01513 . 1.01557 1.01502 1.01641 1.01494 1.01462 . 1.01447 1.013550.0 . 1.01464 . 1.01507 1.01453 1.01588 1.01446 1
49、.01415 . 1.01400 1.013110.5 . 1.01416 . 1.01457 1.01405 1.01535 1.01398 1.01368 . 1.01354 1.012681.0 . 1.01367 . 1.01407 1.01357 1.01482 1.01350 1.01321 . 1.01307 1.012241.5 . 1.01319 . 1.01357 1.01308 1.01429 1.01302 1.01274 . 1.01260 1.011802.0 . 1.01270 . 1.01307 1.01260 1.01376 1.01254 1.01227 . 1.01214 1.011372.5 . 1.01221 . 1.01257 1.01211 1.01324 1.01206 1.01180 . 1.01167 1.010933.0 . 1.01173 . 1.01206 1.01163 1.01271 1.01158 1.01132 . 1.01120 1.010493.5 . 1.01124 . 1.01156 1.01115
