1、Designation: D1555M 081D1555M 16Standard Test Method forCalculation of Volume and Weight of Industrial AromaticHydrocarbons and Cyclohexane Metric1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1555M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, i
2、n the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1 NOTEThe units statements in 1.3 and 1.3.1 were corrected editorially in May 2009.1. Scope*1.
3、1 This standard is for use in calculating the weight and volume of benzene, toluene, mixed xylenes, styrene, ortho-xylene,meta-xylene, para-xylene, cumene, ethylbenzene, 148.9 to 176.7C and 176.7 to 204.4C aromatic hydrocarbons, and cyclohexane.A method is given for calculating the volume at 15C and
4、 20C from an observed volume at tC. Table 1 lists the density ingramsVacuo per cubic centimetre at 15C at 60F for chemicals used to develop the relationship. Densities (or weights) “in vacuo”represent the true density (or weight) if measured in a vacuum without the buoyancy effect of air acting on t
5、he liquid. It isrepresentative of the actual amount of product present. Densities (or weights) “in air” represent what would actually be measuredon a scale. The difference is on the order of 0.13 %. Modern densitometers measure density in vacuo and 20C for high puritychemicals.the ASTM recommends th
6、e use of in vacuo densities (or weights).1.2 Calculated results shall be rounded off in accordance with the rounding-off method of Practice E29.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.2.1 A complete inch-pound un
7、it companion standard has been developed in Test Method D1555.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applica
8、bility of regulatorylimitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardizationestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the Worl
9、d Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1217 Test Method for Density and Relative Density (Specific Gravity) of Liquids by Bingham PycnometerD1555 Test Method for Calculation of Volume and Weight of Industrial Aromatic Hydrocarbons
10、 and CyclohexaneD3505 Test Method for Density or Relative Density of Pure Liquid ChemicalsD4052 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API Gravity of Liquids by Digital Density MeterE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications2.2 Other D
11、ocuments:American Petroleum Society Research Project 443Patterson, J. B., and Morris, E. C., Metrologia, , 31, 1994, pp. 277-288TRC Thermodynamic TablesHydrocarbons, NSRDS-NIST 75-121, Supplement No. 121, April 30, 200141 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D16 on Aromatic H
12、ydrocarbons Aromatic, Industrial, Specialty and Related Chemicals and is the directresponsibility of Subcommittee D16.01 on Benzene, Toluene, Xylenes, Cyclohexane and Their Derivatives.Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2008Nov. 1, 2016. Published March 2008April 2017. Originally approved in 1993. Las
13、t previous edition approved in 20042008 asD1555D1555MM 04a. 081. DOI: 10.1520/D1555M-08E01.10.1520/D1555M-16.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the stan
14、dardsstandards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 “Selected Values of Properties of Hydrocarbons and Related Compounds,” prepared by American Petroleum Institute Research Project 44 at the ChemicalThermodynamics Center, Department of Chemistry, Texas A however there is no reason to changeth
15、is recommendation. If, depending on the composition of the impurities, there is reason to suspect that the VCF implementationprocedures presented below do not apply to a particular impure product, a separate implementation procedure should beindependently determined. This may be done by measuring th
16、e density of a representative sample at different temperaturesthroughout the expected working temperature range, regressing the data to obtain a temperature/density equation that bestreproduces the observed data, and then dividing the constants of the temperature/density equation by the calculated d
17、ensity at 15Cand 20C.Alternatively, if the composition has been quantified one can use the VCFs of each component (if available) to calculatea weighted average density at different temperatures and then process the data as mentioned above.TABLE 1 Physical PropertiesProductFreezingPointCBoilingPointC
18、Density in Vacuoat 15Cg/ccA,B,CDensity in Airat 15Cg/ccDDensity in Vacuoat 20Cg/ccC,E,FDensity in Airat 20Cg/ccDBenzene 5.6 80.1 0.88431 0.88324 0.87908 0.87801Cumene -96.1 152.4 0.86586 0.86479 0.86160 0.86053Cyclohexane 6.6 80.7 0.78317 0.78209 0.77849 0.77741Ethylbenzene -95.0 136.2 0.87126 0.870
19、19 0.86685 0.86578Styrene -30.6 145.2 0.91028 0.90922 0.90586 0.90480Toluene -95.0 110.6 0.87147 0.87040 0.86686 0.86579m-Xylene -47.9 139.1 0.86831 0.86724 0.86408 0.86301o-Xylene -25.2 144.4 0.88387 0.88280 0.87968 0.87861p-Xylene 13.3 138.3 0.86503 0.86396 0.86076 0.85969A Obtained Obtained from
20、Method D1555 04a by multiplying the chemicals 60F density by the volume correction factor for 59F.B Specific Gravity at 15C is not presented in this table as it is unnecessary to this standard. If needed, divide 15C density in g/cc by 0.999102 g/cc. See Appendix X1.C g/cc can be converted to kg/1000
21、L or kg/m3 by multiplying by 1000.D Produced using g/cc Produced using the equation: Density g/mLin air = (Density 1.00014992597 (1.000149926 Density g/mLin vacuo 0.00119940779543)0.001199407795) and rounding to 5 decimal places. See Appendix X2.E Obtained from Method D1555 - 04a by multiplying the
22、chemicals 60F density by the volume correction factor for 68F.F Specific Specific Gravity at 20C is not presented in this table as it is unnecessary to this standard. If needed, divide 20C density in g/cc by 0.998206 g/cc. See AppendixX1.NOTE 1Densities (or weights) “in vacuo” represent the true den
23、sity (or weight) if measured in a vacuum without the buoyancy effect of air actingon the liquid. It is representative of the actual amount of product present. Densities (or weights) “in air” represent what would actually be measured ona scale. The difference is on the order of 0.13 %. Modern densito
24、meters measure density in vacuo and theASTM andAPI recommend the use of in vacuodensities (or weights); however, the purchaser and seller should agree on which to use in their transactions.TABLE 2 Application Range of Implementation ProcedureImpure Products RangeBenzene 95 to 100%Cumene 95 to 100%Cy
25、clohexane 90 to 100%Ethylbenzene 95 to 100%Styrene 95 to 100%Toluene 95 to 100%Mixed Xylenes All proportionsm-Xylene 95 to 100%o-Xylene 95 to 100%p-Xylene 94 to 100%148.9-176.7C Aromatic Hydrocarbons All proportions176.7-204.4C Aromatic Hydrocarbons All proportionsD1555M 1625. Volume Correction Fact
26、or Implementation Procedure5.1 The following general equation is used to generate the Volume Correction Factors:VCF5a1b1.8t132!1c1.8t132!2 1d1.8t132!3 1 (1)e1.8t132!4)/VCFXXVCF5 (1)a1bs1.8 t 132d1cs1.8 t 132 d21d s1.8 t 132 d31e s1.8 t 132 d4VCFXXwhere:where:t = temperature in C,VCFXX = VCF59F or VC
27、F68F,andVCFXX = VCF59F or VCF68Fconstants a through e and VCFXX are specific to each compound (obtained from Method D1555 04a and presented in Table3).5.1.1 Temperature may be entered in tenths of a degree Celsius.5.1.2 The calculated result is rounded to the appropriate significant figures if it is
28、 to be reported and not rounded if to be usedin another calculation. No intermediate rounding or truncation should be done.5.1.3 The equations are valid for liquid product up to 60C (65.5C for p-xylene).5.1.4 This implementation procedure replaces the printed tables of previous editions of this Meth
29、od for determining VCFs. Theimplementation procedure is the Standard, not the printed tables. However, the printed tables are provided in 0.5Cincrements for the users convenience (Tables 4 and 5).5.2 Temperature may be entered in tenths of a degree Centigrade.5.3 The final result is rounded to 5 pla
30、ces past the decimal. No intermediate rounding or truncation should be done.5.4 The equations are valid for liquid product up to 60C (65.5C for p-xylene).5.5 This implementation procedure replaces the printed tables of previous editions of this Method for determining VCFs. Theimplementation procedur
31、e is the Standard, not the printed tables. However, a printout from the implementation procedure isprovided in 0.5C increments for the users convenience (Tables 4 and 5).6. Use of the Implementation Procedure6.1 Convert Volume Reduction to 15Cto 15C or 20CEnter the appropriate equation with the temp
32、erature to the nearest0.1 degree CentigradeCelsius at which the bulk volume was measured (temperature t). After performing the mathematicaloperations, round the resulting VCF to 5 places past the decimal. Multiply the bulk volume measurement at temperature t by theVCF.NOTE 1The purchaser and seller
33、should agree on a reasonable policy in regard to rounding of final numbers in all computations. Rounding the finalweight or volume to five significant figures is, in most cases, also acceptable.6.1.1 Example 1What is the volume at 15C and at 20C of a tank car of p-xylene whose volume was measured to
34、 be 35,129litresliters at a mean temperature of 31.7C?For 15C, enter Eq 1 with 31.7 and the appropriate constants from Table 3 to calculate a VCF of 0.98341. The volume at 15Cis:35,1290.98341534,546 litresTABLE 3 VCF ConstantsProduct a b c d e VCF59F VCF68FBenzene 1.038382492 -6.2307 10-4 -2.8505 10
35、-7 1.2692 10-10 0 1.00066 0.99474Cumene 1.032401114 -5.3445 10-4 -9.5067 10-8 3.6272 10-11 0 1.00055 0.99563Cyclohexane 1.039337296 -6.4728 10-4 -1.4582 10-7 1.03538 10-10 0 1.00066 0.99468Ethylbenzene 1.033346632 -5.5243 10-4 8.37035 10-10 -1.2692 10-9 5.55061 10-12 1.00056 0.99550Styrene 1.0322275
36、15 -5.3444 10-4 -4.4323 10-8 0 0 1.00054 0.99568Toluene 1.035323647 -5.8887 10-4 2.46508 10-9 -7.2802 10-12 0 1.00059 0.99529m-XyleneA 1.031887514 -5.2326 10-4 -1.3253 10-7 -7.35960 10-11 0 1.00054 0.99567o-Xylene 1.031436449 -5.2302 10-4 -2.5217 10-9 -2.13840 10-10 0 1.00053 0.99579p-Xylene 1.03230
37、7000 -5.2815 10-4 -1.8416 10-7 1.89256 10-10 0 1.00054 0.99560148.9-176.7C 1.031118000 -5.1827 10-4 -3.5109 10-9 -1.98360 10-11 0 1.00052 0.99585176.7-204.4C 1.029099000 -4.8287 10-4 -3.7692 10-8 3.78575 10-11 0 1.00049 0.99610A and Mixed Xylenes.D1555M 163TABLE 4 Volume Correction FactorsVolume Cor
38、rection to 15CTemperatureC Benzene Cumene CyclohexaneEthylBenzene Styrene Toluenem-XyleneandMixedXyleneso-Xylene p-Xylene148.9 to176.7CAromaticHydrocarbons176.7 to204.4CAromaticHydrocarbons-20.5 . . . . . . . . . . .-20.0 . . . . . 1.03707 . . . . .-19.5 . . . . . 1.03654 . . . . .-19.0 . . . . . 1.
39、03601 . . . . .-18.5 . . . . . 1.03548 . . . . .-18.0 . . . . . 1.03495 . . . . .-17.5 . . . . . 1.03442 . . . . .-17.0 . . . . . 1.03389 . . . . .-16.5 . . . . . 1.03336 . . . . .-16.0 . . . . . 1.03283 . . . . .-15.5 . . . . . 1.03230 . . . . .-15.0 . 1.02916 . 1.03001 . 1.03177 1.02871 1.02828 .
40、1.02799 1.02618-14.5 . 1.02868 . 1.02951 . 1.03124 1.02824 1.02781 . 1.02753 1.02575-14.0 . 1.02820 . 1.02901 . 1.03071 1.02777 1.02734 . 1.02706 1.02531-13.5 . 1.02771 . 1.02852 . 1.03018 1.02730 1.02686 . 1.02659 1.02488-13.0 . 1.02723 . 1.02802 . 1.02965 1.02682 1.02639 . 1.02613 1.02444-12.5 . 1
41、.02675 . 1.02752 . 1.02912 1.02635 1.02592 . 1.02566 1.02401-12.0 . 1.02627 . 1.02702 . 1.02859 1.02588 1.02545 . 1.02519 1.02357-11.5 . 1.02579 . 1.02653 . 1.02806 1.02540 1.02498 . 1.02473 1.02314-11.0 . 1.02530 . 1.02603 . 1.02753 1.02493 1.02451 . 1.02426 1.02270-10.5 . 1.02482 . 1.02553 . 1.027
42、00 1.02446 1.02404 . 1.02380 1.02227-10.0 . 1.02434 . 1.02504 . 1.02647 1.02398 1.02357 . 1.02333 1.02183-9.5 . 1.02385 . 1.02454 . 1.02594 1.02351 1.02310 . 1.02286 1.02140-9.0 . 1.02337 . 1.02404 1.02322 1.02542 1.02303 1.02263 . 1.02240 1.02096-8.5 . 1.02289 . 1.02354 1.02274 1.02489 1.02256 1.02
43、216 . 1.02193 1.02052-8.0 . 1.02240 . 1.02304 1.02226 1.02436 1.02208 1.02169 . 1.02146 1.02009-7.5 . 1.02192 . 1.02255 1.02177 1.02383 1.02161 1.02122 . 1.02100 1.01965-7.0 . 1.02144 . 1.02205 1.02129 1.02330 1.02113 1.02075 . 1.02053 1.01922-6.5 . 1.02095 . 1.02155 1.02081 1.02277 1.02066 1.02028
44、. 1.02007 1.01878-6.0 . 1.02047 . 1.02105 1.02033 1.02224 1.02018 1.01980 . 1.01960 1.01835-5.5 . 1.01998 . 1.02055 1.01984 1.02171 1.01971 1.01933 . 1.01913 1.01791-5.0 . 1.01950 . 1.02006 1.01936 1.02118 1.01923 1.01886 . 1.01867 1.01747-4.5 . 1.01901 . 1.01956 1.01888 1.02065 1.01875 1.01839 . 1.
45、01820 1.01704-4.0 . 1.01853 . 1.01906 1.01840 1.02012 1.01828 1.01792 . 1.01773 1.01660-3.5 . 1.01804 . 1.01856 1.01791 1.01959 1.01780 1.01745 . 1.01727 1.01617-3.0 . 1.01756 . 1.01806 1.01743 1.01906 1.01732 1.01698 . 1.01680 1.01573-2.5 . 1.01707 . 1.01756 1.01695 1.01853 1.01685 1.01651 . 1.0163
46、3 1.01529-2.0 . 1.01659 . 1.01706 1.01646 1.01800 1.01637 1.01604 . 1.01587 1.01486-1.5 . 1.01610 . 1.01656 1.01598 1.01747 1.01589 1.01557 . 1.01540 1.01442-1.0 . 1.01562 . 1.01606 1.01550 1.01694 1.01541 1.01510 . 1.01493 1.01399-0.5 . 1.01513 . 1.01557 1.01502 1.01641 1.01494 1.01462 . 1.01447 1.
47、013550.0 . 1.01464 . 1.01507 1.01453 1.01588 1.01446 1.01415 . 1.01400 1.013110.5 . 1.01416 . 1.01457 1.01405 1.01535 1.01398 1.01368 . 1.01354 1.012681.0 . 1.01367 . 1.01407 1.01357 1.01482 1.01350 1.01321 . 1.01307 1.012241.5 . 1.01319 . 1.01357 1.01308 1.01429 1.01302 1.01274 . 1.01260 1.011802.0
48、 . 1.01270 . 1.01307 1.01260 1.01376 1.01254 1.01227 . 1.01214 1.011372.5 . 1.01221 . 1.01257 1.01211 1.01324 1.01206 1.01180 . 1.01167 1.010933.0 . 1.01173 . 1.01206 1.01163 1.01271 1.01158 1.01132 . 1.01120 1.010493.5 . 1.01124 . 1.01156 1.01115 1.01218 1.01110 1.01085 . 1.01074 1.010064.0 . 1.010
49、75 . 1.01106 1.01066 1.01165 1.01062 1.01038 . 1.01027 1.009624.5 . 1.01026 . 1.01056 1.01018 1.01112 1.01014 1.00991 . 1.00980 1.009185.0 . 1.00978 . 1.01006 1.00970 1.01059 1.00966 1.00944 . 1.00934 1.008755.5 . 1.00929 . 1.00956 1.00921 1.01006 1.00918 1.00897 . 1.00887 1.008316.0 1.01054 1.00880 . 1.00906 1.00873 1.00953 1.00870 1.00850 . 1.00840 1.007876.5 1.00995 1.00831 . 1.00856 1.00824 1.00900 1.00822 1.00802 . 1.00794 1.00744
