1、Designation: D1573/D1573M 95 (Reapproved 2017)Standard Test Method forHeat Aging of Asbestos Textiles1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1573/D1573M; the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of las
2、t revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the heat aging of asbestostextiles. It may be used to determine the resistance to thedeterioratio
3、n of tensile strength at temperatures up to 450C800F.1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, eachsystem shall be used independently of the other. Combiningvalues fr
4、om the two systems may result in non-conformancewith the standard.1.3 WarningBreathing of asbestos dust is hazardous.Asbestos and asbestos products present demonstrated healthrisks for users and for those with whom they come into contact.In addition to other precautions, when working with asbestos-c
5、ement products, minimize the dust that results. For informa-tion on the safe use of chrysoltile asbestos, refer to “Safe Useof Chrysotile Asbestos: A Manual on Preventive and ControlMeasures.”21.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. I
6、t is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific safetyhazard, see 1.3.1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally reco
7、gnized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D123 Terminology Rel
8、ating to TextilesD1571 Specification for Woven Asbestos ClothD1682 Test Method for Breaking Load and Elongation ofTextile Fabric (Withdrawn 1992)4D2946 Terminology for Asbestos and AsbestosCementProducts3. Terminology3.1 For textile terms, refer to Terminology D123. Forasbestos terms, refer to Termi
9、nology D2946.4. Significance and Use4.1 This test method covers the evaluation of asbestostextiles with regard to (1) quality and (2) elevated temperatureserviceability characteristics. Since asbestos textiles are usu-ally composed of blends of asbestos with cotton or otherorganic carrier fibers, th
10、e latter being present in amounts up to25 %, temperatures above 150C 300F will promote thedegradation of the cotton content and will reduce the structuralreinforcement derived therefrom. In the higher grade asbestostextiles, wherein little or no carrier fibers are used and in whichthe longer asbesto
11、s fibers are necessary if a satisfactory yarn isto be produced, the degradation in strength resulting fromheat-aging up to 540C 1000F is low. In the case of thelower grade asbestos textiles, however, wherein amounts from15 to 25 % carrier fibers are incorporated, asbestos fibershaving shorter length
12、s may be utilized. Under the relativelylow service temperatures to which such materials may besubjected, neither the cotton nor the cloth properties are greatlyaffected. However, the strength-imparting influence of thecarrier fibers is reduced at elevated temperatures and theentwining properties of
13、the shorter asbestos fibers primarily1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C17 onFiber-Reinforced Cement Products and is the direct responsibility of C17.03 onAsbestos - Cement Sheet Products and Accessories.Current edition approved June 1, 2017. Published July 2017. Original
14、ly approvedin 1958. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as D1573/D1573M 95(2009)1.DOI: 10.1520/D1573_D1573M-95R17.2Available from The Asbestos Institute, http:/ referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of
15、ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.4The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis
16、international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT
17、) Committee.1serve to establish the resultant tensile strength and otherphysical properties of the textile. In view of this, elevatedtemperature tests may serve to indicate the asbestos fiber gradeor quality that may be used in a textile construction.4.2 Another use and perhaps more practical applic
18、ation forthe information to be derived from elevated temperaturestudies is the revelation of the ability of a subject textile towithstand known elevated temperature service conditions. Itwill be appreciated that temperature alone may not be the onlydegratory influence in the destruction of such mate
19、rials;however, under normal operating conditions, high tempera-tures are usually the dominating factors in such degradation.The results obtained through such investigations therefore maybe interpreted in terms of elevated temperature serviceability.5. Apparatus5.1 Test Oven:5.1.1 The oven shall be e
20、lectrically heated and have thenecessary controls to maintain temperatures to within 63C5.4F at any designated testing temperature up to 430C800F and shall have determinable and controllable aircirculation. The air circulation provisions shall be capableof delivering between 3 and 6 m3/min 100 and 2
21、00 ft3/mincontinuously to the oven during the testing period.5.1.2 The minimum inside dimensions of the oven shall be500 by 500 by 500 mm 18 by 18 by 18 in., and it shall beprovided with two hardware cloth trays, 20 mm 0.75 in.mesh, at least 500 by 500 mm 18 by 18 in., upon which thetest specimens m
22、ay be deployed.5.2 The temperature indicating device shall be a chromela-lumel thermocouple, or its equivalent, coupled with an accuratepotentiometer capable of being calibrated and adjusted tocompensate for room temperature and cold junction differen-tials. Other devices ensuring at least equal pre
23、cision andaccuracy may be used.6. Hazards6.1 Warningsee 1.3.7. Preparation of Apparatus7.1 When starting a test, the oven temperature controls shallbe set at the desired test temperature at the beginning of theheating-up period. The oven temperatures shall be determinedby placing the junction of the
24、 thermocouple on a specimen ofcloth supported on the upper hardware cloth tray, which will belocated not less than 150 mm 6 in. from the top of the ovennor less than 150 mm 6 in. above the next lower tray.7.2 Air circulation shall be maintained continually from thebeginning of the heating period thr
25、oughout the test cycle. Theinitial heating-up period, during which no test specimens shallbe in the oven, shall be maintained for a minimum of2horuntil such a time as the oven conditions have attained thedegree of stability that will assure temperature variations nogreater than prescribed in 5.1.1.8
26、. Procedure8.1 Time and Temperature for Test:8.1.1 All cloths shall be tested for a period of 2 h.8.1.2 The temperature for testing shall be dependent uponthe grade of the material under investigation, as follows:Commercial Grade 204C 400FUnderwriters Grade 204C 400FGrade A 316C 600FGrade AA 316C 60
27、0FGrade AAA 427C 800FGrade AAAA 427C 800F8.1.2.1 Grades are defined in Specification D1571.8.2 Deployment of Test Samples in OvenFollowing theattainment of stabilized conditions, specimens of the samplesunder test shall be individually positioned on the wire meshtrays. There shall be not less than 1
28、50 mm 6 in. placed in theoven and not more than 150 mm 6 in. between the top trayand the top of the oven or between the bottom tray and thebottom of the oven. With a hearth size 500 by 500 mm 18 by18 in. the individual trays will be 500 by 500 mm 18 by 18in. and on each may be positioned 12 individu
29、al grade testspecimens. The placements shall be made as quickly aspossible so that the oven door will remain open for a minimumlength of time in order that the oven temperature may not dropmarkedly below the testing temperature in accordance withTest Methods D1682.8.3 Immediately upon closing the ov
30、en door begin the testperiod and continue the test for 2 h.8.4 Upon completion of the test period, remove the speci-mens from the oven and permit them to condition at roomtemperature for 35 6 5 min. Following this conditioningperiod, test the specimens for tensile strength. It is to beunderstood tha
31、t tensile strength values (Note 1) and tensilestrength retention values must be established on the basis ofcloth constructions, as well as grade, and should be consideredindividually.NOTE 1The determination of actual strength values and the decisionas to whether such values of tensile strength shall
32、 be in terms of kilograms(pounds) break resistance by the grab method or in terms of the percentagestrength retention based on the grab test breaks are matters that can bestbe determined on the basis of the ultimate use to which such informationis to be applied.9. Report9.1 Fully identify the sample
33、s tested.9.2 Report the tensile strength values and tensile strengthretention values in terms of breaking load in Newtons orpounds force and also in terms of the percentage strengthretention based on the grab test breaks (Note 1).10. Precision and Bias10.1 PrecisionThe variance introduced into the e
34、ventualtensile test results obtained on specimens heat-treated by thistest method is statistically insignificant compared against theinter-specimen variance and the variance due to the tensile testmethod.10.2 BiasBias cannot be established on asbestos textilesfor lack of a referee method.11. Keyword
35、s11.1 aging; asbestos; heat; heat-aging; tensile; textileD1573/D1573M 95 (2017)2ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the val
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38、 not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple
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