1、Designation: D 1573 95 (Reapproved 2004)e1Standard Test Method forHeat Aging of Asbestos Textiles1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 1573; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision
2、. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.e1NOTEAsbestos warning was moved from 6.1 to 1.3 in September 2004.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the heat aging of asbestostextiles. It
3、may be used to determine the resistance to thedeterioration of tensile strength at temperatures up to 450C(800F).1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.3 WarningBreathing of asbestos dust is hazardous.Asbestos an
4、d asbestos products present demonstrated healthrisks for users and for those with whom they come into contact.In addition to other precautions, when working with asbestos-cement products, minimize the dust that results. For informa-tion on the safe use of chrysoltile asbestos, refer to “Safe Useof C
5、hrysotile Asbestos: A Manual on Preventive and ControlMeasures.”21.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the appl
6、ica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific safetyhazard, see 1.3.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D 123 Terminology Relating to Textile MaterialsD 1571 Specification for Woven Asbestos ClothD 1682 Test Methods for Breaking Load and Elongation ofTextile Fabrics4D 2946 T
7、erminology Relating to Asbestos3. Terminology3.1 For textile terms, refer to Terminology D 123. Forasbestos terms, refer to Terminology D 2946.4. Significance and Use4.1 This test method covers the evaluation of asbestostextiles with regard to (1) quality and ( 2) elevated temperatureserviceability
8、characteristics. Since asbestos textiles are usu-ally composed of blends of asbestos with cotton or otherorganic carrier fibers, the latter being present in amounts up to25 %, temperatures above 150C (300F) will promote thedegradation of the cotton content and will reduce the structuralreinforcement
9、 derived therefrom. In the higher grade asbestostextiles, wherein little or no carrier fibers are used and in whichthe longer asbestos fibers are necessary if a satisfactory yarn isto be produced, the degradation in strength resulting fromheat-aging up to 540C (1000F) is low. In the case of thelower
10、 grade asbestos textiles, however, wherein amounts from15 to 25 % carrier fibers are incorporated, asbestos fibershaving shorter lengths may be utilized. Under the relativelylow service temperatures to which such materials may besubjected, neither the cotton nor the cloth properties are greatlyaffec
11、ted. However, the strength-imparting influence of thecarrier fibers is reduced at elevated temperatures and theentwining properties of the shorter asbestos fibers primarilyserve to establish the resultant tensile strength and otherphysical properties of the textile. In view of this, elevatedtemperat
12、ure tests may serve to indicate the asbestos fiber gradeor quality that may be used in a textile construction.4.2 Another use and perhaps more practical application forthe information to be derived from elevated temperaturestudies is the revelation of the ability of a subject textile towithstand kno
13、wn elevated temperature service conditions. Itwill be appreciated that temperature alone may not be the onlydegratory influence in the destruction of such materials;however, under normal operating conditions, high tempera-tures are usually the dominating factors in such degradation.The results obtai
14、ned through such investigations therefore maybe interpreted in terms of elevated temperature serviceability.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C17 onFiber-Reinforced Cement Products and is the direct responsibility of C17.03 onAsbestos - Cement Sheet Products and Accessori
15、es.Current edition approved Sept. 14, 2004. Published April 1995. Originallypublished as D 1573 58. Discontinued July 1973 and reinstated as D 1573 95.Last previous edition approved in 1999 as D 1573 95 (1999).2Available from The Asbestos Institute, http:/ referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM w
16、ebsite, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.4Withdrawn.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-295
17、9, United States.5. Apparatus5.1 Test Oven:5.1.1 The oven shall be electrically heated and have thenecessary controls to maintain temperatures to within 63C(5.4F) at any designated testing temperature up to 430C(800F) and shall have determinable and controllable aircirculation. The air circulation p
18、rovisions shall be capableof delivering between 3 and 6 m3/min (100 and 200 ft3/min)continuously to the oven during the testing period.5.1.2 The minimum inside dimensions of the oven shall be500 by 500 by 500 mm (18 by 18 by 18 in.), and it shall beprovided with two hardware cloth trays, 20 mm (0.75
19、 in.)mesh, at least 500 by 500 mm (18 by 18 in.), upon which thetest specimens may be deployed.5.2 The temperature indicating device shall be a chromela-lumel thermocouple, or its equivalent, coupled with an accuratepotentiometer capable of being calibrated and adjusted tocompensate for room tempera
20、ture and cold junction differen-tials. Other devices ensuring at least equal precision andaccuracy may be used.6. Hazards6.1 Warningsee 1.3.7. Preparation of Apparatus7.1 When starting a test, the oven temperature controls shallbe set at the desired test temperature at the beginning of theheating-up
21、 period. The oven temperatures shall be determinedby placing the junction of the thermocouple on a specimen ofcloth supported on the upper hardware cloth tray, which will belocated not less than 150 mm (6 in.) from the top of the ovennor less than 150 mm (6 in.) above the next lower tray.7.2 Air cir
22、culation shall be maintained continually from thebeginning of the heating period throughout the test cycle. Theinitial heating-up period, during which no test specimens shallbe in the oven, shall be maintained for a minimum of2horuntil such a time as the oven conditions have attained thedegree of st
23、ability that will assure temperature variations nogreater than prescribed in 5.1.1.8. Procedure8.1 Time and Temperature for Test:8.1.1 All cloths shall be tested for a period of 2 h.8.1.2 The temperature for testing shall be dependent uponthe grade of the material under investigation, as follows:Com
24、mercial Grade 204C (400F)Underwriters Grade 204C (400F)Grade A 316C (600F)Grade AA 316C (600F)Grade AAA 427C (800F)Grade AAAA 427C (800F)8.1.2.1 Grades are defined in Specification D 1571.8.2 Deployment of Test Samples in OvenFollowing theattainment of stabilized conditions, specimens of the samples
25、under test shall be individually positioned on the wire meshtrays. There shall be not less than 150 mm (6 in.) placed in theoven and not more than 150 mm (6 in.) between the top trayand the top of the oven or between the bottom tray and thebottom of the oven. With a hearth size 500 by 500 mm (18 by1
26、8 in.) the individual trays will be 500 by 500 mm (18 by 18in.) and on each may be positioned 12 individual grade testspecimens. The placements shall be made as quickly aspossible so that the oven door will remain open for a minimumlength of time in order that the oven temperature may not dropmarked
27、ly below the testing temperature in accordance withTest Methods D 1682.8.3 Immediately upon closing the oven door begin the testperiod and continue the test for 2 h.8.4 Upon completion of the test period, remove the speci-mens from the oven and permit them to condition at roomtemperature for 35 6 5
28、min. Following this conditioningperiod, test the specimens for tensile strength. It is to beunderstood that tensile strength values (Note 1) and tensilestrength retention values must be established on the basis ofcloth constructions, as well as grade, and should be consideredindividually.NOTE 1The d
29、etermination of actual strength values and the decisionas to whether such values of tensile strength shall be in terms of kilograms(pounds) break resistance by the grab method or in terms of the percentagestrength retention based on the grab test breaks are matters that can bestbe determined on the
30、basis of the ultimate use to which such informationis to be applied.9. Report9.1 Fully identify the samples tested.9.2 Report the tensile strength values and tensile strengthretention values in terms of breaking load in Newtons orpounds force and also in terms of the percentage strengthretention bas
31、ed on the grab test breaks (Note 1).10. Precision and Bias10.1 PrecisionThe variance introduced into the eventualtensile test results obtained on specimens heat-treated by thistest method is statistically insignificant compared against theinter-specimen variance and the variance due to the tensile t
32、estmethod.10.2 BiasBias cannot be established on asbestos textilesfor lack of a referee method.11. Keywords11.1 aging; asbestos; heat; heat-aging; tensile; textileD 1573 95 (2004)e12ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item
33、 mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical commi
34、ttee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a me
35、eting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive,
36、 PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).D 1573 95 (2004)e13
