1、Designation: D1587 08 (Reapproved 2012)1D1587/D1587M 15Standard Practice forThin-Walled Tube Sampling of Fine-Grained Soils forGeotechnical Purposes1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1587;D1587/D1587M; the number immediately following the designation indicatesthe year of original
2、adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of De
3、fense.1 NOTEEditorial changes were made throughout in May 2012.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers a procedure for using a thin-walled metal tube to recover relatively intact soil samples suitable forlaboratory tests of engineering properties, such as strength, compressibility, permeability, and densit
4、y. Thin-walled tubes used inpiston, plug, or rotary-type samplers should comply with SectionThis practice provides guidance on proper sampling equipment,procedures, and sample quality evaluation 6.3 of this practice which describes the thin-walled tubes.that are used to obtain intactsamples suitable
5、 forNOTE 1This practice does not apply to liners used within the samplers. laboratory testing.1.2 This practice is limited to fine-grained soils that can be penetrated by the thin-walled tube. This sampling method is notrecommended for sampling soils containing gravel coarse sand, gravel, or larger
6、size soil particles, cemented, or very hard soils.Other soil samplers may be used for sampling these soil types. Such samplers include driven split barrel samplers and soil coringdevices (Test Methods D1586, D3550, and Practice D6151). For information on appropriate use of other soil samplers refer
7、toPractice D6169.1.3 This practice is often used in conjunction with fluid rotary drilling (Practice D1452, and Guides D5783 and D6286) orhollow-stem augers (Practice D6151). Subsurface geotechnical explorations should be reported in accordance with practice(Practice D5434) This practice discusses s
8、ome aspects of sample preservation after the sampling event. For more information onpreservation and transportation process of soil samples, consult Practice D4220. This practice does not address environmentalsampling; consult D6169 and D6232 for information on sampling for environmental investigati
9、ons.1.4 This practice may not address special considerations for environmental or marine sampling; consult Practices D6169 andD3213 for information on sampling for environmental and marine explorations.1.5 The values stated Thin-walled tubes meeting requirements of 6.3in inch-pound units are to be r
10、egarded as standard. Thevalues given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to can also be used in piston samplers, or inner liners of double tubepush or rotary-type soil core samplers (Pitcher barrel, Practice D6169SI units that are provided for). Piston samplers in PracticeD6519 information o
11、nly and are not considered standard.use thin-walled tubes.1.4.1 The tubing tolerances presented in Table 1 are from sources available in North America. Use of metric equivalent isacceptable as long as thickness and proportions are similar to those required in this standard.1.5 This standard does not
12、 purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.1.6 All observed and calculated values shal
13、l conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in PracticeD6026, unless superseded by this standard.1.7 This practice offers a set of instructions for performing one or more specific operations. This document cannot replaceeducation or experience and should be used in co
14、njunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this practice may beapplicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the1 This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil and Rock and is the direct
15、 responsibility of Subcommittee D18.02 on Sampling and RelatedField Testing for Soil Evaluations.Current edition approved May 15, 2012Nov. 15, 2015. Published November 2012December 2015. Originally approved in 1958. Last previous edition approved in20082012 as D1587 08.D1587 08 (2012)1. DOI: 10.1520
16、/D1587-08R12E01.10.1520/D1587_D1587M-15.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM
17、 recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO B
18、ox C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of aprojectsprojects many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this document means only that the document has bee
19、napproved through the ASTM consensus process.1.8 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units presented in brackets are to be regarded separately as standard. Thevalues stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other.Com
20、bining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and
21、determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A513/A513M Specification for Electric-Resistance-Welded Carbon and Alloy Steel Mechanical TubingA519 Specification for Seamless Carbon and Alloy Steel Mechanical TubingA787 Specification for
22、Electric-Resistance-Welded Metallic-Coated Carbon Steel Mechanical TubingB733 Specification for Autocatalytic (Electroless) Nickel-Phosphorus Coatings on MetalD653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained FluidsD1452 Practice for Soil Exploration and Sampling by Auger BoringsD1586 Test Meth
23、od for Penetration Test (SPT) and Split-Barrel Sampling of SoilsD2166 Test Method for Unconfined Compressive Strength of Cohesive SoilD2435 Test Methods for One-Dimensional Consolidation Properties of Soils Using Incremental LoadingD2488 Practice for Description and Identification of Soils (Visual-M
24、anual Procedure)D2850 Test Method for Unconsolidated-Undrained Triaxial Compression Test on Cohesive SoilsD3213 Practices for Handling, Storing, and Preparing Soft Intact Marine SoilD3550 Practice for Thick Wall, Ring-Lined, Split Barrel, Drive Sampling of SoilsD3740 Practice for Minimum Requirement
25、s for Agencies Engaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as Used inEngineering Design and ConstructionD4186 Test Method for One-Dimensional Consolidation Properties of Saturated Cohesive Soils Using Controlled-StrainLoadingD4220 Practices for Preserving and Transporting Soil SamplesD4452
26、 Practice for X-Ray Radiography of Soil SamplesD4767 Test Method for Consolidated Undrained Triaxial Compression Test for Cohesive SoilsD5434 Guide for Field Logging of Subsurface Explorations of Soil and RockD5783 Guide for Use of Direct Rotary Drilling with Water-Based Drilling Fluid for Geoenviro
27、nmental Exploration and theInstallation of Subsurface Water-Quality Monitoring DevicesD6026 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Geotechnical DataD6151 Practice for Using Hollow-Stem Augers for Geotechnical Exploration and Soil SamplingD6169 Guide for Selection of Soil and Rock Sampling Devices
28、Used With Drill Rigs for Environmental InvestigationsD6282 Guide for Direct Push Soil Sampling for Environmental Site CharacterizationsD6232D6286 Guide for Selection of Sampling Equipment forWaste and Contaminated Media Data CollectionActivitiesDrillingMethods for Environmental Site Characterization
29、2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.TABLE 12 Dimensional Tolerances for Thin-Walled TubesNominal
30、Tube Diameters from Table 21A TolerancesSize OutsideDiameter2in.50.850mmmm3in.76.275mmmm5in.127125mmmmOutside diameter, Do +0.007 +0.179 +0.010 +0.254 +0.015 0.381-0.000 -0.000 -0.000 -0.000 -0.000 -0.000Inside diameter, Di +0.000 +0.000 +0.000 +0.000 +0.000 +0.000-0.007 -0.179 -0.010 -0.254 -0.015
31、-0.381Wall thickness 0.007 0.179 0.010 0.254 0.015 0.381Ovality 0.015 0.381 0.020 0.508 0.030 0.762Straightness 0.030/ft 2.50/m 0.030/ft 2.50/m 0.030/ft 2.50/mA Intermediate Intermediate or larger diameters should be proportional. Specifyonly two of the first three tolerances; that is, Do and Di, or
32、 Do and Wall thickness,or Di and Wall thickness.D1587/D1587M 152D6519 Practice for Sampling of Soil Using the Hydraulically Operated Stationary Piston Sampler3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 For common definitions of terms in this standard, refer to Terminology D653.3.2 Definitions of Terms Speci
33、fic to This Standard:3.2.1 area ratio, Ar, %, nthe ratio of the soil displaced by the sampler tube in proportion to the area of the sample expressedas a percentage (see Fig. 1).3.2.2 inside clearance ratio, Cr, %, nthe ratio of the difference in the inside diameter of the tube, Di, minus the inside
34、diameterof the cutting edge, De, to the inside diameter of the tube, Di expressed as a percentage (see Fig. 1).3.2.3 ovality, nthe cross section of the tube that deviates from a perfect circle.3.3 Symbols:3.3.1 Ararea ratio (see 3.2.1).3.3.2 Crclearance ratio (see 3.2.2).4. Summary of Practice4.1 A
35、relatively intact sample is obtained by pressing a thin-walled metal tube into the in-situ soil at the bottom of a boring,removing the soil-filled tube, and applying seals to the soil surfaces to prevent soil movement and moisture gain or loss.5. Significance and Use5.1 Thin-walled tube samples are
36、used for obtaining intact specimens of fine-grained soils for laboratory tests to determineengineering properties of soils (strength, compressibility, permeability, and density). Fig. 2 shows the use of the sampler in a drillhole. Typical sizes of thin-walled tubes are shown on Table 1. The most com
37、monly used tube is the 3-in. 75 mm diameter. Thistube can provide intact samples for most laboratory tests; however some tests may require larger diameter tubes. Tubes with adiameter of 2 in. 50 mm are rarely used as they often do not provide specimens of sufficient size for most laboratory testing.
38、5.1.1 Soil samples must undergo some degree of disturbance because the process of subsurface soil sampling subjects the soilto irreversible changes in stresses during sampling, extrusion if performed, and upon removal of confining stresses. However, ifthis practice is used properly, soil samples sui
39、table for laboratory testing can be procured. Soil samples inside the tubes can bereadily evaluated for disturbance or other features such as presence of fissures, inclusions, layering or voids using X-rayradiography (D4452) if facilities are available. Field extrusion and inspection of the soil cor
40、e can also help evaluate sample quality.5.1.2 Experience and research has shown that larger diameter samples (5 in. 125 mm) result in reduced disturbance andprovide larger soil cores available for testing. Agencies such as the U.S Army Corps of Engineers and US Bureau of Reclamationuse 5-in. 125-mm
41、diameter samplers on large exploration projects to acquire high quality samples (1, 2, 3).35.1.3 The lengths of the thin-walled tubes (tubes) typically range from 2 to 5 ft 0.5 to 1.5 m, but most are about 3 ft 1 m.While the sample and push lengths are shorter than the tube, see 7.4.1.3 The boldface
42、 numbers in parentheses refer to a list of references at the end of this standard.NOTE 1The sampling end of the tube is manufactured by rolling the end of the tube inward and then machine cutting the sampling diameter, De, onthe inside of the rolled end of the tube.NOTE 2Minimum of two mounting hole
43、s on opposite sides for Do smaller than 4 in. (101.6 mm).100 mm. Minimum of four mounting holes equallyspaced for Do equal to 4 in. 100 mm and larger.NOTE 2Minimum of four mounting holes equally spaced for Do 4 in. (101.6 mm) and larger.NOTE 3Tube held with hardened set screws or other suitable mean
44、s.NOTE 42-in (50.8 mm) outside-diameter tubes are specified with an 18-gauge wall thickness to comply with area ratio criteria accepted for “intactsamples.” Users are advised that such tubing is difficult to locate and can be extremely expensive in small quantities. Sixteen-gauge tubes are generally
45、readily available.FIG. 1 Thin-Walled Dimensions for Measuring Tube Clearance Ratio, Cr (approximate metric equivalents not shown)D1587/D1587M 1535.1.4 This type of sampler is often referred to as a “Shelby Tube.”5.2 Thin-walled tubes used are of variable wall thickness (gauge), which determines the
46、Area Ratio (Ar). The outside cuttingedge of the end of the tube is machined-sharpened to a cutting angle (Fig. 1). The tubes are also usually supplied with aFIG. 12 Thin-Walled Tube for SamplingSampler Schematic and Operation (1)D1587/D1587M 154machine-beveled inside cutting edge which provides the
47、Clearance Ratio (Cr). The recommended combinations of Ar, cuttingangle, and Cr are given below (also see 6.3 and Appendix X1, which provides guidance on sample disturbance).5.2.1 Ar should generally be less than 10 to 15 %. Larger Ar of up to 25 to 30 % have been used for stiffer soils to preventbuc
48、kling of the tube. Tubes of thicker gauge may be requested when re-use is anticipated (see 6.3.2).5.2.2 The cutting edge angle should range from 5 to 15 degrees. Softer formations may require sharper cutting angles of 5 to10 degrees, however, sharp angles may be easily damaged in deeper borings. Cut
49、ting edge angles of up to 20 to 30 degrees havebeen used in stiffer formations in order to avoid damage to the cutting edges.5.2.3 Optimum Cr depends on the soils to be tested. Soft clays require Cr of 0 or less than 0.5 %, while stiffer formations requirelarger Cr of 1 to 1.5 %.5.2.3.1 Typically, manufacturers supply thin-walled tubes with Cr of about 0.5 to 1.0 % unless otherwise specified. For softeror harder soils Cr tubes may require special order from the supplier.5.3 The most frequent use of thin-walled tube samples is t
