1、Designation: D1599 141Standard Test Method forResistance to Short-Time Hydraulic Pressure of PlasticPipe, Tubing, and Fittings1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1599; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revisio
2、n, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1NOTE8.1 was editorially corr
3、ected in April 2015.1. Scope*1.1 This test method covers the determination of the resis-tance of either thermoplastic or reinforced thermosetting resinpipe, tubing, or fittings to hydraulic pressure in a short timeperiod. Procedure A is used to determine burst pressure of aspecimen if the mode of fa
4、ilure is to be determined. ProcedureB is used to determine that a specimen complies with aminimum burst requirement.1.2 This test method is suitable for establishing laboratorytesting requirements for quality control purposes or for pro-curement specifications.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound uni
5、ts are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsib
6、ility of whoever uses this standard to consult andestablish appropriate safety and health practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D2122 Test Method for Determining Dimensions of Ther-moplastic Pipe and FittingsD3517
7、 Specification for “Fiberglass” (Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Thermosetting-Resin) Pressure PipeD3567 Practice for Determining Dimensions of “Fiberglass”(Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Thermosetting Resin) Pipe andFittings3. Summary of Test Method3.1 This test method consists of loading a specimen tofailure, or a
8、 predetermined minimum level, in short-timeinterval by means of continuously increasing internalhydraulic-pressure while immersed in a controlled-temperatureenvironment.4. Significance and Use4.1 This test method establishes the short-time hydraulicfailure pressure of thermoplastic or reinforced the
9、rmosettingresin pipe, tubing, or fittings. Data obtained by this test methodare of use only in predicting the behavior of pipe, tubing, andfittings under conditions of temperature, time, method ofloading, and hoop stress similar to those used in the actual test.They are generally not indicative of t
10、he long-term strength ofthermoplastic or reinforced thermosetting resin pipe, tubing,and fittings.4.2 Procurement specifications utilizing this test methodmay stipulate a minimum and maximum time for failure otherthan the 60 to 70 s listed in 9.1.3. Either the internal hydraulicpressure or the hoop
11、stress may be listed in the requirements.NOTE 1Many thermoplastics give significantly different burststrengths depending on the time to failure. For instance, significantdifferences have been observed between failure times of 65 and 85 s.4.3 This test method is also used as a short-term pressur-izat
12、ion validation procedure, where the specimens are pressur-ized to a predetermined minimum pressure requirement.5. Failure5.1 Any instantaneous or rapid loss of pressure shall con-stitute failure.5.2 Any visible passage of fluid through the wall of thespecimen shall constitute failure.5.3 Any loss of
13、 pressure that interrupts the continuous anduniform pressure increase, described in 9.1.3, shall constitutefailure.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F17 on PlasticPiping Systems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F17.40 on TestMethods.Current edition approve
14、d April 15, 2014. Published November 2014. Originallyapproved in 1962. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as D1599 99 (2011).DOI: 10.1520/D1599-14E01.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMS
15、tandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States15.4 Leakage at the end closu
16、re or fracture of the specimen inthe immediate vicinity of the end closure shall be considered asan invalid test item, not a failure.6. Apparatus6.1 Constant-Temperature BathAwater bath or other fluidbath equipped so that uniform temperature is maintainedthroughout the bath. This may require agitati
17、on. If an air orother gaseous environment is used, provisions shall be madefor adequate circulation. Unless otherwise stated, the tests shallbe conducted at 736 3.6F (23 6 2C). The tolerance on othertest temperatures shall be 3.6F (6 2C). Fluid environmentsthat chemically attack the specimens shall
18、not be used unlessthis effect is being studied. In that case, the purpose of the testshall be included in the report.NOTE 2Reinforced thermosetting resin pipe and fittings may showincreasing failure pressures as temperature is raised above 73.4F (23C)in this test.6.2 Pressurizing SystemA device capa
19、ble of applying anessentially continuously increasing internal hydraulic pressureto the test specimen. Suggested equipment for this test mayinclude the following:6.2.1 Nitrogen Supply (Cylinder Gas) with a pressure regu-lator and hydraulic accumulator, or6.2.1.1 Pump, capable of applying essentially
20、 continuouslyincreasing internal hydraulic pressure to the test specimen.6.3 Pressure Indicating System:6.3.1 Pressure GaugesWhen used, mechanical pressuregauges shall have a precision within 1 % of full-scale deflec-tion with a maximum indicating hand.6.3.2 Pressure TransducersWhen used, pressure t
21、ransduc-ers shall have a precision with 1% of full-scale deflection. Thesystem shall have the capability to save the maximum testpressure for retrival and display after the completion of the test.6.3.3 The pressure indicating apparatus (gauge or pressuretransducer) shall be located in the test syste
22、m at a location suchthat it only indicates pressure on the specimen and does notindicate pressure built up by water flowing in the supply linesto the specimen.NOTE 3The pressure indicating apparatus (gauge or pressure trans-ducer) should be equipped with a pressure surge protection device.NOTE 4When
23、 testing materials such as Polyolefins that change involume greatly before rupture, a large diameter water supply line orlocation of the gauge on the specimen should be used to eliminateerroneous readings caused by the pressure drop in the water supply line.6.4 Timing DeviceStop watch or equivalent.
24、6.5 Specimen End Closures:6.5.1 Pipe or TubingEither free-end or restrained-endclosures, that will withstand the maximum test pressures, maybe used. Closures shall be designed so that they do not causefailure of the specimen. Free-end closures shall be used forreferee tests.NOTE 5Free-end closures f
25、asten to the specimen so that internalpressure produces longitudinal tensile stresses in addition to hoop andradial stresses in the pipe wall. Restrained-end closures rely on a rodthrough the specimen or an external structure to resist the end thrust.Stresses in the wall of restrained-end specimens
26、act in the hoop and radialdirections only. Because of this difference in loading, the expected hoopstress at failure in free-end specimens of solid-wall thermoplastic pipes areapproximately 11 % lower than in restrained-end specimens. The testresults will reflect this difference in test method.6.5.2
27、 FittingsCaps and plugs for fittings shall not extendbeyond the bottom thread or the bottom of the socket.NOTE 6For purposes of determining the ultimate rupture strength offittings, a metal band not extending more than one third of the threaded orsocket depth, may be used: When the mode of failure o
28、f a piping systemis to be determined, no reinforcement shall be used.7. Test Specimen7.1 Pipe or Tubing:7.1.1 Specimen SizeFor pipe sizes of 6 in. (150 mm) orless, the specimen length between the end closures shall be notless than five times the outside diameter of the pipe, but in nocase less than
29、12 in. (300 mm). For larger sizes, the minimumlength shall be not less than three times the outside diameter,but in no case less than 30 in. (760 mm).7.1.2 Sample SizeUnless otherwise specified five speci-mens shall be tested.7.1.3 MeasurementsDimensions shall be determined inaccordance with Test Me
30、thod D2122 or Practice D3567.7.2 Fittings:7.2.1 Specimen SizeSpecimens shall consist of completefittings without alteration.7.2.2 Sample SizeUnless otherwise specified five speci-mens shall be tested.7.2.3 Specimen SurfaceAll surfaces of the specimensshall be free of visible flaws, scratches, or oth
31、er imperfections,except for the usual marks common on good extrusions andmolding, unless these imperfections are being investigated, inwhich case the purpose shall be included in the report alongwith a description of the imperfections.7.3 Systems (Pipe, Fittings, and Joints):7.3.1 Systems shall be p
32、repared from pipe and fittingsmeeting the requirements of 7.1 and 7.2, unless otherwisespecified.7.3.2 The pipe and fittings shall be joined as recommendedby the manufacturer using solvent cement, heat fusion, or othertechniques. When solvent cements are used they shall meet therequirements of the r
33、elevant solvent cement specification.8. Conditioning8.1 Test specimens shall be conditioned at the test tempera-ture for a minimum of1hinaliquid bath or 16 h in a gaseousmedium before pressurizing, unless otherwise specified. Unlessotherwise agreed upon, the test temperature shall be 73 63.6F (23 6
34、2C) for thermoplastic pipe. For thermosets, testat 73 6 3.6F (23 6 2C) or at maximum rated temperaturedepending on intended service.9. Procedure9.1 Procedure A:9.1.1 Attach the end closures to the specimen and fill itcompletely with test fluid which is maintained at the testtemperature. Attach speci
35、men to the pressuring device, makingcertain no gas is entrapped when using liquids. The specimenshall be completely immersed in the conditioning medium.D1599 14129.1.2 Condition the specimen as specified in 8.1.9.1.3 Increase the pressure uniformly and continuously untilthe specimen fails, measuring
36、 the time with a stop watch. Iffailure time is less than 60 s, reduce the rate of loading andrepeat the test. The time to failure for all specimens shall bebetween 60 and 70 s.9.1.4 Record the pressure and time-to-failure.NOTE 7If additional data can be obtained by continued pressurizationafter fail
37、ure (as defined in Section 5), it is the testers prerogative to do sobut is beyond the scope of this method.9.2 Procedure B:9.2.1 Prepare the test specimen in the same way as de-scribed in Procedure A (9.1.1 to 9.1.2).9.2.2 Increase the pressure uniformly and continuously,measuring the time. To dete
38、rmine that the specimen complieswith a minimum burst requirement the specimen shall burstbetween 60 and 70 s, or the minimum burst pressure shall bereached or exceeded between 60 and 70 s.10. Calculation10.1 Calculate the pipe hoop stress as follows:S 5 PD 2 t!/2t for outside diameter controlled pip
39、eorS 5 Pd1t!/2t for inside diameter controlled pipewhere:S = hoop stress, psi (or MPa),P = internal pressure, psi (or MPa),D = average outside diameter, in. (or mm). For reinforcedthermosetting pipe, outside diameter shall not includenonreinforced covers,d = average inside diameter, in. (or mm), and
40、t = minimum wall thickness, in. (or mm). For reinforcedthermosetting pipe use minimum reinforced wallthickness.NOTE 8An alternative method for calculating the hoop stress ofreinforced pipe is given in the Annex of Specification D3517.11. Report11.1 The report shall include the following:11.1.1 Compl
41、ete identification of the specimens, includingmaterial, manufacturers name and code number, type, source,and previous history.11.1.2 Procedure used, either A or B.11.1.3 Pipe dimensions, including nominal size, minimumwall thickness, and average outside diameter. For reinforcedthermosetting pipe, wa
42、ll thickness and outside diameter shallbe reinforced dimensions only. Unreinforced thicknesses shallalso be reported. For fittings, report nominal size and schedule,or pressure rating.11.1.4 Type of end closure used, that is, free or restrained,11.1.5 Number of specimens tested.11.1.6 Test temperatu
43、re.11.1.7 Test environment, including conditioning time.11.1.8 Purpose of the tests. Refer also to 6.1 and 7.2.3.11.1.9 Failure pressure and failure time (Procedure A or B)or minimum pressure reached and time to reach minimumpressure (Procedure B) for each specimen.11.1.10 For pipe, calculate the av
44、erage maximum stress andthe standard deviation.11.1.11 Type of failure for Procedure A (bursting, cracking,splitting, weeping, leaking).11.1.12 Date of test.12. Precision and Bias312.1 Precision3Based on a mini laboratory round-robinconducted on 2-in. (50.8 mm) medium density polyethylenepipe, the p
45、recision (one standard deviation) of this test methodfor medium density polyethylene pipe is as follows:12.1.1 Within-laboratory, 63 % (repeatability).12.1.2 Between-laboratory, 66 % (reproducibility).12.2 BiasData obtained using this test method are be-lieved to be reliable, since accepted techniqu
46、es of analysis areused. However, because no referee method is available, no biasstatement can be made.13. Keywords13.1 burst pressure; plastic fittings; plastic pipe; plastictubing; short-term hydrostatic pressureSUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee F16 has identified the location of selected changes to this
47、 standard since the last issue (D1599 99(2011) that may impact the use of this standard.(1) Revised 6.3.3Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and maybe obtained by requesting Research Report RR:F17-1038.D1599 1413ASTM International takes no position respecting the valid
48、ity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subje
49、ct to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Commit
