1、Designation: D1623 09D1623 17Standard Test Method forTensile and Tensile Adhesion Properties of Rigid CellularPlastics1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1623; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the y
2、ear of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This test method covers
3、the determination of the tensile and tensile adhesion properties of rigid cellular materials in the formof test specimens of standard shape under defined conditions of temperature, humidity, and testing machine speed.1.2 Tensile properties shall be measured using any of three types of specimens:1.2.
4、1 TypeAshall be the preferred specimen in those cases where enough sample material exists to form the necessary specimen.1.2.2 Type B shall be the preferred specimen when only smaller specimens are available, as in sandwich panels, etc.1.2.3 Type C shall be the preferred specimen for the determinati
5、on of tensile adhesive properties of a cellular plastic to asubstrate as in a sandwich panel (top and bottom substrate) or the bonding strength of a cellular plastic to a single substrate.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematic
6、al conversionsto inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.NOTE 1There is no known ISO equivalent to this test method.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardizationestablished in
7、the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D638 Test Method for Tensile Properties of PlasticsD883 Terminology Relat
8、ing to PlasticsE691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of terms applying to this test method appear in the Appendix to Test Method D638., Annex A2.4. Apparatus4.1 Testing MachineA testing machine of the constant-r
9、ate-of-crosshead-movement type, that is capable of applying aconstant rate of crosshead movement, comprising essentially the following:4.1.1 GripsGrips for holding the test specimen shall be the self-aligning type; that is, they must be attached to the fixed andmovable members of the testing machine
10、 in such a way that they will move freely into alignment as soon as any load is applied,so that the long axis of the test specimen will coincide with the direction of the applied pull through the center line of the gripassembly. Universal-type joints immediately above and below the specimen grips ar
11、e recommended. The test specimen shall beheld in such a way that slippage relative to the grips is prevented, insofar as possible. For Type A specimens, use a grip assemblylike the one shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2. For Type B specimens, one suitable grip assembly is shown in Fig. 3 and Fig. 4. For Typ
12、eC specimen, a suitable grip assembly is shown in Fig. 5.1 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.22 on Cellular Materials - Plasticsand Elastomers.Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2009May 1, 2017. Published
13、September 2009June 2017. Originally approved in 1959. Last previous edition approved in 20032009 asD1623 03.D1623 09. DOI: 10.1520/D1623-09.10.1520/D1623-17.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of AST
14、M Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically po
15、ssible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardC
16、opyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States14.1.2 Load IndicatorUse aAload cell or suitable load-indicating mechanism, capable of showing the total tensile load exertedon the test specimen when held in the grips. grips, shall be us
17、ed. Choose an indicator that will permit precision to within 61 %.4.1.3 Extension IndicatorIf measurement of the extension is desired, use a suitable instrument for determining the distancebetween two fixed points on the test specimen, or similarly by grip separation or extensometer, at any time dur
18、ing the test.test, shallbe used.Metric Equivalentsin. 18 14 12 916 1116 1 1.130 112 2 214 212 3 3516mm 3.18 6.35 12.7 14.3 17.5 25.4 28.7 38.1 50.8 57.2 63.5 76.2 84.1FIG. 1 Details of Grips for Tension Test on Type A SpecimenFIG. 2 Grip Assembly for Type A SpecimenD1623 1724.2 Specimen CutterFor Ty
19、pe A specimens, use a suitable lathe cutter (see Fig. 6).5. Test Specimen5.1 All surfaces of the specimen shall be free of large visible flaws or imperfections. If it is necessary to place gagegauge markson the specimen, do this in such a way as not to affect the surfaces of the test specimen. GageG
20、auge marks shall not be scratched,punched, or impressed on the specimen.Metric Equivalentsin. 316 14 12 516 34 1 112 1916 2 3mm 4.76 6.35 12.7 7.9 19.1 25.4 38.1 39.7 50.8 76.2FIG. 3 Details of Grips for Tension on Type B SpecimenD1623 173FIG. 4 Grip Assembly for Type B SpecimenFIG. 5 Grip Assembly
21、for Type C SpecimenD1623 1745.2 When testing materials that are suspected to be anisotropic, prepare duplicate sets of specimens having their long axesparallel and perpendicular to the direction of the cell orientation.5.3 Preparation of Type A SpecimensThe recommended Type A test specimen shall con
22、form to the dimensions given in Fig.7. It shall be prepared by normal molding procedures wherever possible, but the “skin” effect which results cannot be eliminatedand will cause a variance in the final result. Another method of preparation of the specimen, which would not have this objection,elimin
23、ate the “skin effect” variable, is to machine the desired geometry on a small lathe, using a cutter like the one shown in Fig.6. Insert a 50 by 50 by 150-mm (2 by 2 by 6-in.) block of the material to be tested into the four-jaw chuck, which was had beenpreviously centered. Prepare the other end of t
24、he block to receive the 60 tapered end of the tailstock center. Set the lathe at itshighest speed. The appropriate rate of entry of the cutter blade will depend on the density of the foam. Advance the cutter untilit reaches a stop, at which time the diameter of the specimen test section shall be 28.
25、7 mm (1.129 in.)(1.130 in.), giving a (645645mm2 (1 in.2) cross sectional area).area. Using a band saw, cut off the excess sample end (up to the taper). The lathe assembly andcompleted specimen are shown in Fig. 6 and Fig. 7. The recommended gagegauge length shall be 25.4 mm (1 in.) with a radiusof
26、curvature of 11.9 mm (1532 in.) at each end joining it to the grip surface, which is at an angle of 18 to the center line. However,in no case shall the gagegauge length be less than 12.7 mm (12 in.).NOTE 2ForIf specimens that exhibit excessive slippage in the jaws, a lower than actual tensile streng
27、th could possibly be obtained. Where this occurs,it is recommended that a 6.35-mm (14-in.) shoulder be left on the specimen ends next to the tapered area, or the specimen ends be dipped momentarilyin a molten paraffin wax prior to test (temperature not in excess of 80C (175F),(176F), or both.5.4 Pre
28、paration of Type B SpecimensType B test specimens shall be rectangular, round or square and shall have a minimumcross-sectional area of 645 mm2 (1 in.2). Bond the grip assemblySpecimen top and bottom surfaces shall be parallel. Bond thespecimen mounting (or grip assembly) blocks to the top and botto
29、m surfaces of the test specimens by a suitable method, whichdoes not affect the material under test, taking care to assure that the bonding pressure is not great enough to cause compressionof the specimen. The adhesive curing temperature shall be low enough to cause no effect on the specimen to be t
30、ested.5.5 Preparation of Type C Specimen:Specimens:5.5.1 Type C Specimen test specimens shall be square or rectangular, with a minimum length and width dimension equal to,or greater than, the thickness.Metric Equivalentsin. 14 1532 34 112 218 414mm 6.35 11.9 19.1 38.1 54.0 108.0FIG. 6 Cutter for Pre
31、paring Type A SpecimenMetric Equivalentsin. 1.129 1532 158 414mm 28.7 11.9 41.3 108.0FIG. 7 Dimensions of Type A SpecimenD1623 1755.5.2 Care and caution shall be exercised in preparing the specimen so that the bond between the cellular plastic and thesubstrate is not affected. The speed of the saw b
32、lade, the number of teeth per inch, and other cutting variables shall be consideredin specimen preparation, in order to avoid excess vibrations or heat buildup, which could weaken the bond between the cellularplastic and the substrate.5.5.3 When adhesion test involves only one surface, the other sid
33、e shall be trimmed to provide a smooth, parallel bondingsurface.5.5.4 Bond the loading fixture specimen mounting (or grip assembly) blocks to the top and bottom of the test specimen by asuitable method that does not affect the material being tested.6. Conditioning6.1 ConditioningCondition the test s
34、pecimens at 23 6 2C (73.4 6 3.6F) and 50 6 5 %10 % relative humidity for not lessthan 24 h prior to testing.6.2 Test ConditionsConduct tests in the standard laboratory atmosphere of 23 6 2C (73.4 6 3.6F) and 50 6 5 %10 %relative humidity, unless otherwise specified.7. Number of Test Specimens7.1 A m
35、inimum of three specimens shall be tested. Specimens that break at some obvious flaw shall be discarded and retestsmade, unless such flaws constitute a variable that is to be studied.8. Speed of Testing8.1 The standard speed of testing shall be such that rupture occurs in 3 to 6 min. A suggested rat
36、e of crosshead movement is1.3 mm (0.05 in.)/min for each 25.4 mm (1 in.) of test section gagegauge length.9. Procedure9.1 Measure the cross-sectional dimensions of the test specimen to the nearest 0.025 mm (0.001 in.) at several points, and recordthe minimum value. Calculate the specimens cross-sect
37、ional area from these dimensions.9.2 Zero the load indicator with all of the upper hardware in place (including an upper specimen mounting block if Type B isused) but no specimen place, but no specimen attached. If Type B or C specimens are used, zero the load indicator with all of theupper hardware
38、 in place, including the specimen with top and bottom mounting blocks attached.9.3 Place the specimen into the grip assembly as defined in 4.1.1, and adjust the entire assembly to align it with the central axisof the specimen and the testing machine. (If a Type A specimen is used, tighten the 14 in.
39、 set screws in the sides of the holdersso that the split collars are held firmly together and are in axial alignment with the specimen and testing machine.)9.4 Determine and record the load at the moment of specimen breaking. If an extensometer is used, a complete stress-straincurve may be obtained
40、thereby. Also determine and record the extension at the moment of rupture of the specimen.10. Calculation10.1 Tensile StrengthCalculate the tensile strength by dividing the breaking load in kilonewtons (or pounds-force) by theoriginal minimum cross-sectional area of the specimen in square metres (or
41、 square inches). Express the result in kilopascals(kilonewtons per square metre) (or pounds-force per square inch) to two significant figures.10.2 ElongationCalculate the percent elongation, when determined, by dividing the extension at the moment of specimenbreaking by the original distance between
42、 gagegauge marks, or similarly by grip separation, and multiplying by 100. Report thepercent elongation to two significant figures.10.3 Calculate the standard deviation (estimated) as follows and report it to two significant figures:s 5=(X22nX 2!/n 21! (1)where:s = estimated standard deviation,X = v
43、alue of a single observation,n = number of observations, andX = arithmetic mean of the set of observations.11. Report11.1 The report shall include the following:11.1.1 Complete identification of the material tested, including type, source, code numbers, form, principal dimensions,previous history, e
44、tc.11.1.2 Type of specimen used: Type A, Type B, or Type C.D1623 17611.1.3 Conditioning procedure used, if different from that specified in 6.1.11.1.4 Atmospheric conditions in test room, if different from those specified in 6.2.11.1.5 Number of specimens tested, if different from that specified in
45、Section 7.11.1.6 Rate of crosshead movement.11.1.7 Tensile or tensile adhesion strength of each specimen, average value and standard deviation.11.1.8 Percent elongation of each specimen, average value and standard deviation. Indicate reference for measuring extension,either gage method used to measu
46、re extension (either gauge marks, grip separation or extensometer. extensometer).11.1.9 Date of test.12. Precision and Bias12.1 Tables 1 and 2 are based on a round robin conducted in 2000 using Type B specimens in accordance with Practice E691,involving three materials tested by six laboratories. Fo
47、r each material, all of the samples were prepared at one source, but theindividual Type B specimens were prepared at the laboratories that tested them. Each laboratory obtained six test results for eachmaterial. Precision, characterized by repeatability (Sr and r) and reproducibility (SR and R), hav
48、e been determined as shown inTables 1 and 2. (WarningThe explanation of r and R are only intended to present a meaningful way of considering theapproximate precision of this test method. The data in Tables 1 and 2 should not be applied to acceptance or rejection of materials,as these data apply only
49、 to the materials tested in the round robin and are unlikely to be rigorously representative of other lots,formulations, conditions, materials, or laboratories. Users of this test method should apply the principles outlined in Practice E691to generate data specific to their materials and laboratory.)NOTE 3The precision data presented in Tables 1 and 2 were obtained using the test conditions defined in this test method. method in 2000. The testconditions in 2000 were 23 6 2C and 50 % 6 5 % relative humidity. If a
