1、Designation: D 1632 06Standard Practice forMaking and Curing Soil-Cement Compression and FlexureTest Specimens in the Laboratory1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 1632; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revi
2、sion, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers the procedure for making andcuring compression and flexure test specimens of s
3、oil-cementin the laboratory under accurate control of quantities ofmaterials and test conditions.1.2 This practice offers a set of instructions for performingone or more specific operations. This document cannot replaceeducation or experience and should be used in conjunctionwith professional judgme
4、nt. Not all aspects of this practice maybe applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is notintended to represent or replace the standard of care by whichthe adequacy of a given professional service must be judged,nor should this document be applied without consideration ofa projects many u
5、nique aspects. The word “Standard” in thetitle of this document means only that the document has beenapproved through the ASTM consensus process.1.3 This standard may involve hazardous materials, opera-tions, and equipment. This standard does not purport toaddress all of the safety concerns, if any,
6、 associated with itsuse. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard toestablish appropriate safety and health practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C 127 Test Method for Density, Relative Density (Speci
7、ficGravity), and Absorption of Coarse AggregateD 558 Test Methods for Moisture-Density (Unit Weight)Relations of Soil-Cement MixturesD 559 Test Methods for Wetting and Drying CompactedSoil-Cement MixturesD 560 Test Methods for Freezing and Thawing CompactedSoil-Cement MixturesD 1633 Test Method for
8、Compressive Strength of MoldedSoil-Cement CylindersD 1634 Test Method for Compressive Strength of Soil-Cement Using Portions of Beams Broken in Flexure(Modified Cube Method)D 1635 Test Method for Flexural Strength of Soil-CementUsing Simple Beam with Third-Point LoadingD 4753 Guide for Evaluating, S
9、electing, and SpecifyingBalances and Standard Masses for Use in Soil, Rock, andConstruction Materials TestingE11 Specification for Wire Cloth and Sieves for TestingPurposes3. Significance and Use3.1 This practice is used to prepare soil-cement specimensfor compressive and flexural strength testing i
10、n accordancewith Method B of Test Method D 1633, Test Method D 1634,and Test Method D 1635.3.2 This practice does not apply to soil-cement specimensprepared in commonly available molds, which are 4.0 in.(101.6 mm) in diameter and 4.584 in. (116.4 mm) in height.For these size specimens, Methods D 559
11、 or Methods D 560should be used for sample preparation. Compressive strengthtesting should be in accordance with MethodAof Test MethodD 1633.4. Apparatus4.1 Compression Test Specimen MoldsMolds (Fig. 1)having an inside diameter of 2.8 6 0.01 in. (71 6 0.25 mm)and a height of 9 in. (229 mm) for moldi
12、ng test specimens 2.8in. (71 mm) in diameter and 5.6 in. (142 mm) high; machinedsteel top and bottom pistons having a diameter 0.005 in. (0.13mm) less than the mold; a 6-in. (152-mm) long mold extension;and a spacer clip. At least two aluminum separating disks116in. (1.54 mm) thick by 2.78 in. (70.6
13、 mm) in diameter shall beprovided.NOTE 1Satisfactory molds may be made from cold-drawn, seamlesssteel tubing having a Rockwell hardness of approximately 85 HRB orfrom steel pipe machined on the inside. The 2.8 by 5.6-in. (71 by 142-mm)1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on
14、 Soil andRock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.15 on Stabilization WithAdmixtures.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2006. Published January 2007. Originallyapproved in 1959. Last previous edition approved in 1996, which was withdrawnMay 2005 and reinstated in November 2006.2For re
15、ferenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, W
16、est Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.specimens fit many triaxial compression machines in service, and thusmay be used for triaxial as well as unconfined compression tests.4.2 Flexure Test Specimen MoldsMolds having insidedimensions of 3 by 3 by 1114 in. (76.2 by 76.2 by 285.8 mm)(see Fig.
17、2 and Fig. 3) for molding specimens of the same size.The molds shall be so designed that the specimen will bemolded with its longitudinal axis in a horizontal position. Theparts of the molds shall be tight-fitting and positively heldtogether. The sides of the molds shall be sufficiently rigid toprev
18、ent spreading or warping, and shall be made of metalhaving a hardness not less than 85 HRB. The interior faces ofthe molds shall be plane surfaces with a permissible variation,in any 3-in. (76.2-mm) line on a surface, of 0.002 in. (0.051mm) for new molds and 0.003 in. (0.076 mm) for molds in use.The
19、 distance between opposite sides shall be 3 6 0.01 in.(76.20 6 0.25 mm) for new molds, and 3 6 0.015 in. (76.206 0.38 mm) for molds in use. The height of the molds shall be3 in. (76.20 mm) with permissible variations of 0.01 in.(0.25 mm) and + 0.005 in. ( + 0.13 mm) for both new moldsand for molds i
20、n use. Four38-in. (9.52-mm) spacer bars and topand bottom machined steel plates shall be provided. The platesshall fit the mold with a 0.005-in. (0.13-mm) clearance on allsides.4.3 Sieves2-in. (50-mm),34-in. (19.0-mm), No. 4 (4.75-mm) and No. 16 (1.18-mm) sieves conforming to the require-ments of Sp
21、ecification E11.4.4 BalancesAbalance or scale of 25-lb (12-kg) capacity,sensitive to 0.01 lb (0.0045 kg) and a balance of 1000-gcapacity, sensitive to 0.1 g, both meeting the requirements ofSpecification D 4753.4.5 Drying OvenA thermostatically controlled dryingoven capable of maintaining a temperat
22、ure of 230 6 9F(1106 5C) for drying moisture samples.4.6 Compression Testing Machine or Compression Frame,having a capacity of approximately 60 000 lbf (267 kN) forcompacting flexural test specimens and for optional use incompacting compression test specimens.4.7 Dropping-Weight Compacting MachineA
23、controlleddropping-weight device of 15 lb (6.8 kg) for striking the toppiston, for optional use in compacting compression test speci-mens (see Fig. 4 and Fig. 5). When this equipment is used, thetop piston listed in 4.1 is made the foot of the compactingdevice.4.8 Compression Specimen Extruder, cons
24、isting of a piston,jack, and frame for extruding specimens from the mold.4.9 Miscellaneous EquipmentTools such as trowel,spatula, pan, and the like, or a suitable mechanical device forthoroughly mixing the sample of soil-cement with water;graduate for measuring water, moisture sample cans, and theli
25、ke.4.10 Tamping RodA square-end cut,12-in. (12.7-mm)diameter, smooth steel rod approximately 20 in. (510 mm) inlength.4.11 Moist Room or CabinetA moist room or cabinetcapable of maintaining a temperature of 73.4 6 3F (23.061.7C) and a relative humidity of not less than 96 % for moistcuring specimens
26、.5. Preparation of Materials5.1 Bring materials to room temperature (preferably 65 to75F (18 to 24C) before beginning the tests.5.2 Store cement in a dry place, in moisture-proof contain-ers, preferably made of metal. Thoroughly mix the cement inorder that the sample may be uniform throughout the te
27、sts. Passit through a No. 16 (1.18-mm) sieve and reject all lumps.5.3 The mixing water shall be free of acids, alkalies, andoils, and in general suitable for drinking.5.4 Dry the soil sample, if damp when received from thefield, until it becomes friable under a trowel. Drying may be inair or by use
28、of drying apparatus such that the temperature ofthe sample does not exceed 140F (60C). Thoroughly breakup the aggregations in such a manner as to avoid reducing thenatural size of individual particles.5.5 Sieve an adequate quantity of representative pulverizedsoil on the 2-in. (50-mm),34-in. (19.0-m
29、m), and No. 4(4.75-mm) sieves. Discard any aggregate retained on the 2-in.(50-mm) sieve. Remove aggregate passing the 2-in. (50-mm)sieve and retained on the34-in. (19.0-mm) sieve, and replace itwith an equal mass of aggregate passing the34-in. (19.0-mm)sieve and retained on the No. 4 (4.75-mm) sieve
30、. Obtainaggregate for replacement from the original sample.NOTE 2This practice for making soil-cement specimens for compres-sion and flexure tests is used primarily with soil materials having not morethan 35 % aggregate retained on the No. 4 (4.75-mm) sieve and not morethan 85 % retained on the No.
31、40 (425-m) sieve.FIG. 1 Soil-Cement Cylinder MoldD16320625.6 Soak the aggregate passing the34-in. sieve and retainedon the No. 4 sieve in water for 24 h, remove, and surface dry.Determine the absorption properties in accordance with TestMethod C 127.5.7 Take a 100-g sample of the soil passing the No
32、. 4 sieveand dry it in the drying oven to constant mass, and determinethe water content of the sample to permit calculation of thequantity of water that shall be added to the soil-cement mixtureto bring it to the proper water content for molding specimens.5.8 Take a representative sample of sufficie
33、nt size to makeone flexure test specimen or three compression test specimensof the soil passing the No. 4 (4.75-mm) sieve and also of thefractions passing the34-in. (19.0-mm) sieve and retained on theNo. 4 (4.75 mm) sieve, prepared as described in 5.4, 5.5, and5.6.6. Determining the Mass of Material
34、s6.1 Determine the mass to the nearest 0.01 lb (5 g) thedesigned quantities of soil passing the No. 4 (4.75-mm) sieveand aggregate passing the34-in. (19.0-mm) sieve and retainedon the No. 4 sieve. Determine the mass to the nearest1gofthedesigned quantity of cement and measure the designed quantityof
35、 water to the nearest 1 mL.NOTE 3The designed quantities of soil, cement, and water are usuallybased on results obtained fromASTM tests. The “optimum” water contentof the mixture and the “maximum” unit weight to which the specimens arecompacted are determined byTest Methods D 558.The quantity of cem
36、entis usually sufficient to produce soil-cement of a quality suitable for roadand runway base construction. This cement quantity is indicated byFIG. 2 Mold for Soil-Cement Beam for Flexure TestFIG. 3 Heavy Steel Mold and Top Plate for Making 3 by 3 by 1114-in. (76.2 by 76.2 by 285.8-mm) Flexure Test
37、 BeamD1632063criteria established for interpreting the results obtained from MethodsD 559 and Methods D 560.7. Mixing Materials7.1 GeneralMix soil-cement either by hand or in asuitable laboratory mixer in batches of such size as to leaveabout 10% excess after molding test specimens. Protect thismate
38、rial against loss of water, determine the mass of arepresentative part of it and dry it in the drying oven to constantmass to determine the actual water content of the soil-cementmixture. When the soil-cement mixture contains aggregateretained on the No. 4 (4.75-mm) sieve, the sample for waterconten
39、t determination shall have a mass of at least 500 g andits mass shall be determined to the nearest gram. If the mixturedoes not contain aggregate retained on the No. 4 sieve, thesample shall have a mass of at least 100 g and its mass shall bedetermined to the nearest 0.1 g. The operation of mixing a
40、ndcompacting compression and flexure test specimens shall becontinuous and the elapsed time between the addition of waterand final compaction shall not exceed 30 min.7.2 Hand MixingMix the batch in a clean, damp, metalpan or on top of a steel table, with a blunt bricklayers trowel,using the followin
41、g procedure:7.2.1 Mix the cement and minus No. 4 (4.75-mm) soil untilthey are thoroughly blended.7.2.2 Add water and mix the mass until it is thoroughlyblended.7.2.3 Add the saturated surface-dry coarse aggregate andmix the entire batch until the coarse aggregate is uniformlydistributed throughout t
42、he batch.7.3 Machine MixingFollow the sequence specified forhand mixing. To eliminate segregation, deposit machine-mixedsoil-cement in a clean, damp, metal pan and remix with thetrowel.COMPRESSION TEST SPECIMENS8. Size of Specimens8.1 Compression test specimens shall be cylinders with alength equal
43、to twice the diameter. This method provides forspecimens 2.8 in. (71 mm) in diameter by 5.6 in. (142 mm) inlength, but the same procedure may be used for molding largeror smaller specimens.9. Molding Specimens9.1 Lightly coat the mold and the two separating disks withcommercial form oil. Hold the cy
44、linder mold in place with thespacer clip over the bottom piston so that the latter extendsabout 1 in. (25 mm) into the cylinder.9.2 Place a separating disk on top of the bottom piston andplace the extension sleeve on top of the mold. Place in the molda predetermined mass of the uniformly mixed soil-
45、cement toprovide a specimen of the designed unit weight when 5.6 in.(142 mm) high. When the soil-cement contains aggregateretained on the No. 4 (4.75-mm) sieve, carefully spade the mixaround the mold sides with a thin spatula. Then compact theFIG. 4 Schematic Drawing of a Suitable Dropping-WeightCom
46、pacting DeviceFIG. 5 Compacting Device Suitable for Making 2.8 by 5.6-in. (71by 142 mm) Compression Test CylinderD1632064soil-cement initially from the bottom up by steadily and firmlyforcing (with little impact) a square-end cut12-in. (12.7-mm)diameter smooth steel rod repeatedly through the mixtur
47、e fromthe top down to the point of refusal, distributing the roddingsuniformly over the cross-section of the mold. Perform theoperation carefully so as not to leave holes in clayey soil-cement mixtures. Repeat the process until the mass is packedout to a height of approximately 6 in. (150 mm).9.3 Re
48、move the extension sleeve and place a separating diskon the surface of the soil-cement. Remove the spacer clipsupporting the mold on the bottom piston. Put the top piston inplace and apply either a static load by the compression machineor a dynamic load by the compacting device until the specimenis
49、5.6 in. (142 mm) high.9.4 Remove the pistons and separating disks from the moldassembly, but leave the specimen in the mold.10. Curing Specimens10.1 Cure the specimens in the molds in the moist room for12 h, or longer if required, to permit subsequent removal fromthe molds using the sample extruder. Return the specimens tothe moist room, but protect from dripping water for thespecified moist curing period. Generally the specimens will betested in the moist condition directly after removal from themoist room.NOTE 4Other conditioning procedure
