1、Designation: D1632 17Standard Practice forMaking and Curing Soil-Cement Compression and FlexureTest Specimens in the Laboratory1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1632; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revisi
2、on, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This practice covers the procedure for making andcuring compression and flexure test specimens of soi
3、l-cementin the laboratory under accurate control of quantities ofmaterials and test conditions.1.2 UnitsThe values stated in inch-pound units are to beregarded as standard, except as noted below. The values givenin parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units, whichare provided for informati
4、on only and are not consideredstandard. Sieve sizes are identified by the standard designationin Specification E11. The alternative sieve size designationgiven in parentheses is for information only and does notrepresent a different standard sieve size.1.2.1 The gravitational system of inch-pound un
5、its is usedwhen dealing with inch-pound units. In this system, the pound(lbf) represents a unit of force (weight) while the unit for massis slugs.1.2.2 The slug unit of mass is almost never used incommercial practice; that is, density, balances, etc. Therefore,the standard unit for mass in this stan
6、dard is either kilogram(kg) or gram (g), or both. Also, the equivalent inch-pound unit(slug) is not given/presented in parantheses.1.2.3 It is common practice in the engineering/constructionprofession to concurrently use pounds to represent both a unitof mass (lbm) and of force (lbf). This implicitl
7、y combines twoseparate systems of units; that is, the absolute system and thegravitational system. It is scientifically undesirable to combinethe use of two separate sets of inch-pound units within a singlestandard. As stated, this standard includes the gravitationalsystem of inch-pound units and do
8、es not use/present the slugunit for mass. However the use of balances or scales, recordingpounds of mass (lbm) or recording in lbm/ft3shall not beregarded as nonconformance with this standard.1.3 All observed and calculated values shall conform to theguidelines for significant digits and rounding es
9、tablished inPractice D6026 unless superseded by this test method.1.3.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded and calculated in the standard are regarded as theindustry standard. In addition, they are representative of thesignificant digits that generally should be retained.
10、The proce-dures used do not consider material variation, purpose forobtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any consider-ations for the users objectives; and it is common practice toincrease or reduce significant digits of reported data to becommensurate with these considerations. It is beyo
11、nd the scopeof these test methods to consider significant digits used inanalysis methods for engineering data.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safet
12、y, health, and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of I
13、nternational Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C127 Test Method for Relative Density (Specific Gravity)and Absorption of Coarse AggregateD558 Test Methods for Moisture-De
14、nsity (Unit Weight)Relations of Soil-Cement MixturesD559 Test Methods for Wetting and Drying CompactedSoil-Cement MixturesD560 Test Methods for Freezing and Thawing CompactedSoil-Cement MixturesD653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and ContainedFluids1This practice is under the jurisdiction of AS
15、TM Committee D18 on Soil andRock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.15 on Stabilization WithAdmixtures.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2017. Published November 2017. Originallyapproved in 1959. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D1632 07, whichwas withdrawn in July 2016 and
16、 reinstated in November 2017. DOI: 10.1520/D1632-17.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summar
17、y of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established i
18、n the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1D1633 Test Methods for Compressive Strength of MoldedSoil-Cement CylindersD1634 Test Method for Compressive Stren
19、gth of SoilCe-ment Using Portions of Beams Broken in Flexure(Modified Cube Method)D1635 Test Method for Flexural Strength of Soil-CementUsing Simple Beam with Third-Point LoadingD3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for AgenciesEngaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock asUsed in Engine
20、ering Design and ConstructionD4753 Guide for Evaluating, Selecting, and Specifying Bal-ances and Standard Masses for Use in Soil, Rock, andConstruction Materials TestingD6026 Practice for Using Significant Digits in GeotechnicalDataE11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and TestSieves3. T
21、erminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 For definitions of common technical terms in thisstandard, refer to Terminology D653.4. Significance and Use4.1 This practice is used to prepare soil-cement specimensfor compressive and flexural strength testing in accordancewith Method B of Test Methods D1633, Test M
22、ethod D1634,and Test Method D1635.4.2 This practice does not apply to soil-cement specimensprepared in commonly available molds, which are 4.0 in.(101.6 mm) in diameter and 4.584 in. (116.4 mm) in height.For these size specimens, Methods D559 or Methods D560should be used for sample preparation. Com
23、pressive strengthtesting should be in accordance with MethodAof Test MethodD1633.4.3 This practice offers a set of instructions for performingone or more specific operations. This document cannot replaceeducation or experience and should be used in conjunction withprofessional judgment. Not all aspe
24、cts of this practice may beapplicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is notintended to represent or replace the standard of care by whichthe adequacy of a given professional service must be judged,nor should this document be applied without consideration ofa projects many unique aspects. T
25、he word “standard” in thetitle of this document means only that the document has beenapproved through the ASTM consensus process.NOTE 1The quality of the result produced by this standard isdependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and thesuitability of the equipment and facilities
26、used. Agencies that meet thecriteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competentand objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard arecautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assurereliable results. Reliable results depend on many factor
27、s; Practice D3740provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.5. Apparatus5.1 Compression Test Specimen MoldsMolds (Fig. 1)having an inside diameter of 2.8 6 0.01 in. (71 6 0.25 mm)and a height of 9 in. (229 mm) for molding test specimens 2.8in. (71 mm) in diameter and 5.6 in. (142 mm) high;
28、 machinedsteel top and bottom pistons having a diameter 0.005 in. (0.13mm) less than the mold; a 6-in. (152-mm) long mold extension;and a spacer clip. At least two aluminum separating disks 0.06in. (1.52 mm) thick with diameters 0.02 in. to 0.03 in (0.5 mmto 0.8 mm) less than the mold shall be provi
29、ded.NOTE 2Molds may be made from cold-drawn, seamless steel tubinghaving a Rockwell hardness of approximately 85 HRB or from steel pipemachined on the inside.5.2 Flexure Test Specimen MoldsMolds having insidedimensions of 3 by 3 by 11.25 in. (76.2 by 76.2 by 285.8 mm)(see Fig. 2 and Fig. 3) for mold
30、ing specimens of the same size.The molds shall be so designed that the specimen will bemolded with its longitudinal axis in a horizontal position. Theparts of the molds shall be tight-fitting and positively heldtogether. The sides of the molds shall be sufficiently rigid toprevent spreading or warpi
31、ng, and shall be made of metalhaving a hardness not less than 85 HRB. The interior faces ofthe molds shall be plane surfaces with a permissible variation,in any 3-in. (76.2-mm) line on a surface, of 0.002 in. (0.051mm) for new molds and 0.003 in. (0.076 mm) for molds in use.The distance between oppo
32、site sides shall be 3 6 0.01 in.(76.20 6 0.25 mm) for new molds, and 3 6 0.015 in. (76.206 0.38 mm) for molds in use. The height of the molds shall beFIG. 1 Soil-Cement Cylinder MoldD1632 1723 in. (76.20 mm) with permissible variations of 0.01 in.(0.25 mm) and + 0.005 in. (+ 0.13 mm) for both new mo
33、ldsand for molds in use. Four 0.375-in. (9.52-mm) spacer bars andtop and bottom machined steel plates shall be provided. Theplates shall fit the mold with a clearance of 0.01 in. (0.03 mm)or less on all sides.5.3 Sieves50-mm (2-in.), 19.0-mm (34-in.), 4.75-mm (No.4) and 1.18-mm (No. 16) sieves confo
34、rming to the require-ments of Specification E11.5.4 BalancesA Class GP5 balance meeting the require-ments of Guide D4753 for a balance of 1-g readability and aClass GP2 balance meeting the requirements of Guide D4753for a balance of 0.1-g readability.5.5 Drying OvenA thermostatically controlled dryi
35、ngoven capable of maintaining a temperature of 230 6 9F (1106 5C) for drying moisture samples.5.6 Compression Testing Machine or Compression Frame,having a capacity of approximately 60 000 lbf (267 kN) forcompacting flexural test specimens and for optional use incompacting compression test specimens
36、.5.7 Dropping-Weight Compacting MachineA controlleddropping-weight device of 15 lb (6.8 kg) for striking the toppiston, for optional use in compacting compression test speci-mens (see Fig. 4 and Fig. 5). When this equipment is used, thetop piston listed in 5.1 is made the foot of the compactingdevic
37、e.FIG. 2 Mold for Soil-Cement Beam for Flexure TestFIG. 3 Heavy Steel Mold and Top Plate for Making 3 by 3 by11.25-in. (76.2 by 76.2 by 285.8-mm) Flexure Test BeamD1632 1735.8 Compression Specimen Extruder, consisting of a piston,jack, and frame for extruding specimens from the mold.5.9 Miscellaneou
38、s EquipmentTools such as trowel,spatula, pan, and the like, or a suitable mechanical device forthoroughly mixing the sample of soil-cement with water;graduated cylinder for measuring water, moisture sample cans,and the like.5.10 Tamping RodA square-end cut, 0.5-in. (12.7-mm)diameter, smooth steel ro
39、d approximately 20 in. (510 mm) inlength.5.11 Moist Room or CabinetA moist room or cabinetcapable of maintaining a temperature of 73.5 6 3F (23 62C) and a relative humidity of not less than 95 % for moistcuring specimens.5.12 Measuring DeviceAmeasuring device(s) suitable formeasuring specimen dimens
40、ions and determining the depth tothe end of the specimen inside of the cylindrical mold. Themeasuring device(s) shall be readable to 0.05 in. (1 mm) orless.6. Preparation of Materials6.1 Bring materials to room temperature (preferably 65 to75F (18 to 24C) before beginning the tests.6.2 Store cement
41、in a dry place, in moisture-proofcontainers, preferably made of metal. Thoroughly mix thecement in order that the sample may be uniform throughout thetests. Pass it through a 1.18-mm (No. 16) sieve and reject alllumps retained on the sieve.6.3 The mixing water shall be potable water.6.4 Dry the soil
42、 sample, if damp when received from thefield, until it becomes friable under a trowel. Drying may be inair or by use of drying apparatus such that the temperature ofthe sample does not exceed 140F (60C). Thoroughly breakup the aggregations in such a manner as to avoid reducing thenatural size of ind
43、ividual particles.6.5 Sieve an adequate quantity of representative pulverizedsoil on the 50-mm (2-in.), 19.0-mm (34-in.), and 4.75-mm (No.4) sieves. Discard any aggregate retained on the 50-mm (2-in.)sieve. Remove aggregate passing the 50-mm (2-in.) sieve andretained on the 19.0-mm (34-in.) sieve, a
44、nd replace it with anequal mass of aggregate passing the 19.0-mm (34-in.) sieve andretained on the 4.75-mm (No. 4) sieve. Obtain aggregate forreplacement from the original sample.NOTE 3This practice for making soil-cement specimens for compres-sion and flexure tests is used primarily with soil mater
45、ials having not morethan 35 % aggregate retained on the 4.75-mm (No. 4) sieve and not morethan 85 % retained on the 425-m (No. 40) sieve.6.6 Soak the aggregate passing the 19.0-mm (34-in.) sieveand retained on the 4.75-mm (No. 4) sieve in water for 24 6 4h, remove, and surface dry. Determine the abs
46、orption proper-ties in accordance with Test Method C127.6.7 Take a 100-g sample of the soil passing the 4.75-mm(No. 4) sieve and dry it in the drying oven to constant mass,and determine the water content of the sample to permitFIG. 4 Schematic Drawing of a Suitable Compacting DeviceFIG. 5 Compacting
47、 Device Suitable for Making 2.8 by 5.6-in. (71by 142 mm) Compression Test CylinderD1632 174calculation of the quantity of water that shall be added to thesoil-cement mixture to bring it to the proper water content formolding specimens.6.8 Take a representative sample of sufficient size to makeone fl
48、exure test specimen or three compression test specimensof the soil passing the 4.75-mm (No. 4) sieve and also of thefractions passing the 19.0-mm (34-in.) sieve and retained on the4.75-mm (No. 4) sieve, prepared as described in 6.4, 6.5, and6.6.7. Determining the Mass of Materials7.1 Determine the m
49、ass to the nearest 5 g, of the designedquantities of soil passing the 4.75-mm (No. 4) sieve andaggregate passing the 19.0-mm (34-in.) sieve and retained onthe 4.75-mm (No. 4) sieve. Determine the mass to the nearest1 g of the designed quantity of cement and measure thedesigned quantity of water to the nearest 1 mL (0.03 oz).NOTE 4The designed quantities of soil, cement, and water are usuallybased on results obtained fromASTM test methods. The “optimum” watercontent of the mixture and the “maximum” unit weight to which thespecimens are compacte
