1、Designation:D165511b Designation: D1655 12An American National StandardStandard Specification forAviation Turbine Fuels1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1655; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the
2、year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers th
3、e use of purchasing agencies in formulating specifications for purchases of aviation turbine fuelunder contract.1.2 This specification defines specific types of aviation turbine fuel for civil use in the operation and certification of aircraft anddescribes fuels found satisfactory for the operation
4、of aircraft and engines.The specification can be used as a standard in describingthe quality of aviation turbine fuels from the refinery to the aircraft.1.3 This specification does not include all fuels satisfactory for aviation turbine engines. Certain equipment or conditions of usemay permit a wid
5、er, or require a narrower, range of characteristics than is shown by this specification.1.4 Aviation turbine fuels defined by this specification may be used in other than turbine engines that are specifically designedand certified for this fuel.1.5 This specification no longer includes wide-cut avia
6、tion turbine fuel (Jet B). FAA has issued a Special AirworthinessInformation Bulletin which now approves the use of Specification D6615 to replace Specification D1655 as the specification forJet B and refers users to this standard for reference.1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
7、 standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D56 Test Method for Flash Point by Tag Closed Cup TesterD86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at Atmospheric PressureD93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens C
8、losed Cup TesterD129 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (General High Pressure Decomposition Device Method)D130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Petroleum Products by Copper Strip TestD156 Test Method for Saybolt Color of Petroleum Products (Saybolt Chromometer Method)D240 Test
9、 Method for Heat of Combustion of Liquid Hydrocarbon Fuels by Bomb CalorimeterD323 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products (Reid Method)D381 Test Method for Gum Content in Fuels by Jet EvaporationD445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation
10、 of Dynamic Viscosity)D1266 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (Lamp Method)D1298 Test Method for Density, Relative Density (Specific Gravity), orAPI Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid PetroleumProducts by Hydrometer MethodD1319 Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in Liquid Petroleum Prod
11、ucts by Fluorescent Indicator AdsorptionD1322 Test Method for Smoke Point of Kerosine and Aviation Turbine FuelD1405 Test Method for Estimation of Net Heat of Combustion of Aviation FuelsD1660 Method of Test for Thermal Stability of Aviation Turbine FuelsD1840 Test Method for Naphthalene Hydrocarbon
12、s in Aviation Turbine Fuels by Ultraviolet SpectrophotometryD2276 Test Method for Particulate Contaminant in Aviation Fuel by Line SamplingD2386 Test Method for Freezing Point of Aviation FuelsD2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
13、1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.J0.01on Jet Fuel Specifications.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2011.April 15, 2012. Published November 2011.May 2012. Originally approved in
14、 1959. Last previous edition approvedin2011asD165511ab. DOI: 10.1520/D1655-11B.10.1520/D1655-12.2For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document
15、 Summary page on the ASTM website.1This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM reco
16、mmends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C
17、700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.D2624 Test Methods for Electrical Conductivity of Aviation and Distillate FuelsD2887 Test Method for Boiling Range Distribution of Petroleum Fractions by Gas ChromatographyD2892 Test Method for Distillation of Crude Petroleum (15-Theoretical Plate
18、 Column)D3120 Test Method for Trace Quantities of Sulfur in Light Liquid Petroleum Hydrocarbons by Oxidative MicrocoulometryD3227 Test Method for (Thiol Mercaptan) Sulfur in Gasoline, Kerosine, Aviation Turbine, and Distillate Fuels (PotentiometricMethod)D3240 Test Method for Undissolved Water In Av
19、iation Turbine FuelsD3241 Test Method for Thermal Oxidation Stability of Aviation Turbine FuelsD3242 Test Method for Acidity in Aviation Turbine FuelD3338 Test Method for Estimation of Net Heat of Combustion of Aviation FuelsD3343 Test Method for Estimation of Hydrogen Content of Aviation FuelsD3701
20、 Test Method for Hydrogen Content of Aviation Turbine Fuels by Low Resolution Nuclear Magnetic ResonanceSpectrometryD3828 Test Methods for Flash Point by Small Scale Closed Cup TesterD3948 Test Method for Determining Water Separation Characteristics of Aviation Turbine Fuels by Portable SeparometerD
21、4052 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API Gravity of Liquids by Digital Density MeterD4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum ProductsD4171 Specification for Fuel System Icing InhibitorsD4176 Test Method for Free Water and Particulate Contamination in Distillate Fu
22、els (Visual Inspection Procedures)D4294 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum and Petroleum Products by Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence SpectrometryD4306 Practice for Aviation Fuel Sample Containers for Tests Affected by Trace ContaminationD4529 Test Method for Estimation of Net Heat of Combustio
23、n of Aviation FuelsD4809 Test Method for Heat of Combustion of Liquid Hydrocarbon Fuels by Bomb Calorimeter (Precision Method)D4865 Guide for Generation and Dissipation of Static Electricity in Petroleum Fuel SystemsD4952 Test Method for Qualitative Analysis for Active Sulfur Species in Fuels and So
24、lvents (Doctor Test)D4953 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Gasoline and Gasoline-Oxygenate Blends (Dry Method)D5001 Test Method for Measurement of Lubricity of Aviation Turbine Fuels by the Ball-on-Cylinder Lubricity Evaluator(BOCLE)D5006 Test Method for Measurement of Fuel System Icing Inhibitors
25、(Ether Type) in Aviation FuelsD5190 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products (Automatic Method)D5191 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products (Mini Method)D5452 Test Method for Particulate Contamination in Aviation Fuels by Laboratory FiltrationD5453 Test Method for Determina
26、tion of Total Sulfur in Light Hydrocarbons, Spark Ignition Engine Fuel, Diesel Engine Fuel,and Engine Oil by Ultraviolet FluorescenceD5972 Test Method for Freezing Point of Aviation Fuels (Automatic Phase Transition Method)D6045 Test Method for Color of Petroleum Products by the Automatic Tristimulu
27、s MethodD6379 Test Method for Determination of Aromatic Hydrocarbon Types in Aviation Fuels and Petroleum DistillatesHighPerformance Liquid Chromatography Method with Refractive Index DetectionD6469 Guide for Microbial Contamination in Fuels and Fuel SystemsD6615 Specification for Jet B Wide-Cut Avi
28、ation Turbine FuelD6751 Specification for Biodiesel Fuel Blend Stock (B100) for Middle Distillate FuelsD7153 Test Method for Freezing Point of Aviation Fuels (Automatic Laser Method)D7154 Test Method for Freezing Point of Aviation Fuels (Automatic Fiber Optical Method)D7524 Test Method for Determina
29、tion of Static Dissipater Additives (SDA) in Aviation Turbine Fuel and Middle DistillateFuelsHigh Performance Liquid Chromatograph (HPLC) MethodD7566 Specification for Aviation Turbine Fuel Containing Synthesized HydrocarbonsE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conform
30、ance with Specifications2.2 Energy Institute Standards:3IP 225 Copper Content of Aviation Turbine FuelIP 227 Silver Corrosion of Aviation Turbine FuelIP 540 Determination of the existent gum content of aviation turbine fuel Jet evaporation methodIP 585 Determination of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME
31、), derived from bio-diesel fuel, in aviation turbine fuel GC-MS withselective ion monitoring/scan detection methodIP 590 Determination of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) in aviation fuelHPLC evaporative light scattering detector method2.3 ANSI Standard:43Available from Energy Institute, 61 New Caven
32、dish St., London, WIG 7AR, U.K., http:/www.energyinst.org.uk.4Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.D1655 122ANSI 863 Report of Test Results2.4 Other Standards:Defence Standard (Def Stan) 91-91 Turbine Fuel, Aviation Kerosine Type,
33、 Jet A-15IATA Guidance Material on Microbiological Contamination in Aircraft Fuel Tanks Ref. No: 9680-026EN14214 Automotive fuels - Fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) for diesel engines - Requirements and test methods73. General3.1 This specification, unless otherwise provided, prescribes the required
34、properties of aviation turbine fuel at the time and placeof delivery.4. Classification4.1 Two types of aviation turbine fuels are provided, as follows:4.1.1 Jet A and Jet A-1Relatively high flash point distillates of the kerosine type.4.2 JetAand JetA-1 represent two grades of kerosine fuel that dif
35、fer in freezing point. Other grades would be suitably identified.4.3 This specification previously cited the requirements for Jet B. Requirements for Jet B fuel now appear in SpecificationD6615.5. Materials and Manufacture5.1 Aviation turbine fuel is a complex mixture predominantly composed of hydro
36、carbons and varies depending on crude sourceand manufacturing process. Consequently, it is impossible to define the exact composition of Jet A/A-1. This specification hastherefore evolved primarily as a performance specification rather than a compositional specification. It is acknowledged that this
37、largely relies on accumulated experience; therefore the specification limits aviation turbine fuels to those made from conventionalsources or by specifically approved processes.5.1.1Aviation5.1.1 Aviation turbine fuel, except as otherwise specified in this specification, shall consist predominantly
38、ofrefined hydrocarbons (see Note 1) derived from conventional sources including crude oil, natural gas liquid condensates, heavyoil, shale oil, and oil sands. The use of jet fuel blends containing components from other sources is permitted only in accordancewith Annex A1.NOTE 1Conventionally refined
39、 jet fuel contains trace levels of materials that are not hydrocarbons, including oxygenates, organosulfur, andnitrogenous compounds.5.1.2 Fuels used in certified engines and aircraft are ultimately approved by the certifying authority subsequent to formalsubmission of evidence to the authority as p
40、art of the type certification program for that aircraft and engine model. Additives tobe used as supplements to an approved fuel must also be similarly approved on an individual basis (see X1.2.4 and X1.15.1).5.2 AdditivesMay be added to each type of aviation turbine fuel in the amount and of the co
41、mposition specified in Table 2or the following list of approved material:5.2.1 Other additives are permitted under 5.1 and 7.1. These include fuel performance enhancing additives and fuel handing andmaintenance additives as found under Table 2. The quantities and types must be declared by the fuel s
42、upplier and agreed to by thepurchaser. Only additives approved by the aircraft certifying authority are permitted in the fuel on which an aircraft is operated.5.2.1.1 Biocidal additives are available for controlled usage. Where such an additive is used in the fuel, the approval status ofthe additive
43、 and associated conditions must be checked for the specific aircraft and engines to be operated.5.2.1.2 Fuel System Icing Inhibitor :(1) Diethylene Glycol Monomethyl Ether (DiEGME), conforming to the requirements of Specification D4171, Type III, maybe used in concentrations of 0.10 to 0.15 volume %
44、.(2) Test Method D5006 may be used to determine the concentration of DiEGME in aviation fuels.5.3 Incidental MaterialsIncidental materials are chemicals and compositions that can occur in turbine fuels as a result ofproduction, processing, distribution, or storage. Table 3 lists specific materials t
45、hat have an agreed limit. Specification D1655 doesnot require that each batch of fuel be analyzed for incidental materials. Further guidance concerning these materials is presentedin X1.16.5.4 Guidance material is presented in Appendix X2 concerning the need to control processing additives in jet fu
46、el production.6. Detailed Requirements6.1 The aviation turbine fuel shall conform to the requirements prescribed in Table 1.6.2 Test results shall not exceed the maximum or be less than the minimum values specified in Table 1. No allowance shall bemade for the precision of the test methods.To determ
47、ine conformance to the specification requirement, a test result may be rounded5Available from Procurement Executive DFS (Air), Ministry of Defence, St. Giles Court 1, St. Giles High St., London WC2H 8LD.6Available from International Air Transport Association (IATA), (Head Office) 800 Place Victoria,
48、 PO Box 113, Montreal, H4Z 1M1, Quebec, C.7Available from European Committee for Standardization (CEN), 36 rue de Stassart, B-1050, Brussels, Belgium, http:/www.cenorm.be.D1655 123TABLE 1 Detailed Requirements of Aviation Turbine FuelsAProperty Jet A or Jet A-1 ASTM Test MethodBCOMPOSITIONAcidity, t
49、otal mg KOH/g max 0.10 D32421. Aromatics, vol % max 25 D13192. Aromatics, vol % max 26.5 D6379Sulfur, mercaptan,Cmass % max 0.003 D3227Sulfur, total mass % max 0.30 D1266, D2622, D4294, or D5453VOLATILITYDistillation temperature, C: D86,DD2887E10 % recovered, temperature max 20550 % recovered, temperature report90 % recovered, temperature reportFinal boiling point, temperature max 300Distillation residue, % max 1.5Distillation loss, % max 1.5Flash point, C min 38FD56 or D3828GDensity at 15C, kg/m3775 to 840 D1298 or D4052FLUIDITYFreezing point
