1、Designation: D1754/D1754M 09 (Reapproved 2014)Standard Test Method forEffects of Heat and Air on Asphaltic Materials (Thin-FilmOven Test)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1754/D1754M; the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of original adoption or, in t
2、he case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of the effectsof heat and air on a film of
3、semisolid asphaltic materials. Theeffects of this treatment are determined from measurements ofselected asphalt properties before and after the test.1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated ineach system may not be exact
4、 equivalents; therefore, eachsystem shall be used independently of the other. Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in non-conformancewith the standard.1.3 WarningMercury has been designated by the UnitedStates Environmental Protection Agency and many state agen-cies as a hazardous materia
5、l that can cause central nervoussystem, kidney and liver damage. Mercury, or its vapor, may behazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution shouldbe taken when handling mercury and mercury containingproducts. See the applicable Material Safety Data Sheet(MSDS) for details and EPAs websiteh
6、ttp:/www.epa.gov/mercury/index.htmfor additional information. Users shouldbe aware that selling mercury and/or mercury containingproducts into your state may be prohibited by state law.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
7、responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D5 Test Method for Penetration of Bituminous MaterialsD113 Test Method for Ductility of
8、 Bituminous MaterialsD2170 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Asphalts(Bitumens)D2171 Test Method for Viscosity of Asphalts by VacuumCapillary ViscometerD3666 Specification for Minimum Requirements for Agen-cies Testing and Inspecting Road and Paving MaterialsD4753 Guide for Evaluating, Selectin
9、g, and Specifying Bal-ances and Standard Masses for Use in Soil, Rock, andConstruction Materials TestingE1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass ThermometersE145 Specification for Gravity-Convection and Forced-Ventilation OvensE1137/E1137M Specification for Industrial Platinum Resis-tance Thermomet
10、ers3. Summary of Test Method3.1 A film of asphaltic material is heated in an oven for 5 hat 163C 325F. The effects of heat and air are determinedfrom changes incurred in physical properties measured beforeand after the oven treatment.An optional procedure is providedfor determining the change in sam
11、ple mass.3.2 Precision values for the method have been developed forviscosity, viscosity change, penetration change, mass change,and ductility.4. Significance and Use4.1 This method indicates approximate change in propertiesof asphalt during conventional hot-mixing at about 150C302F as indicated by
12、viscosity, penetration, or ductilitymeasurements. It yields a residue which approximates theasphalt condition as incorporated in the pavement. If themixing temperature differs appreciably from the 150C302F level, more or less effect on properties will occur.NOTE 1The quality of the results produced
13、by this standard aredependent on the competence of the personnel performing the procedureand the capability, calibration, and maintenance of the equipment used.Agencies that meet the criteria of Specification D3666 are generallyconsidered capable of competent and objective testing and sampling.5. Ap
14、paratus5.1 OvenThe oven shall be electrically heated and shallconform to the performance requirements of Specification1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Roadand Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.46 onDurability and Distillation Te
15、sts.Current edition approved June 1, 2014. Published November 2014. Originallyapproved in 1960. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as D1754/D1754M 09.DOI: 10.1520/D1754_D1754M-09R14.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceas
16、tm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1E145, Type IB (Gravity-Convection), for operating tempera-tur
17、es up to 180C 356F. During the tests for compliance toSpecification E145 requirements, the oven shelf, properlycentered as described in 5.1.2 shall be in place and rotating.5.1.1 ConstructionThe oven shall be rectangular, and eachinterior dimension (exclusive of space occupied by the heatingelement)
18、 shall be a minimum of 330 mm 13 in. and amaximum of 535 mm 21 in. The oven shall have, in front, atightly fitted hinged door, which shall provide a clear openingsubstantially the same as the interior height and width of theoven. The door may contain a window with dimensions of atleast 100 by 100 mm
19、 4 by 4 in. and with two sheets of glassseparated by an air space, through which a verticalthermometer, located as specified in 5.2, may be read withoutopening the door; or the oven may be provided with an innerglass door, through which the thermometer may be observed onopening the outer door moment
20、arily. The oven shall beadequately ventilated by convection currents of air and for thispurpose shall be provided with openings for the entrance of airand for the exit of heated air and vapors. Openings may be ofany size and arrangement provided the requirements of Speci-fication E145, Type IB, are
21、met.5.1.2 Rotating ShelfThe oven shall be provided with asingle metal circular shelf having a minimum diameter of 250mm 9.8 in. and a maximum diameter of 450 mm 18 in. Theshelf construction shall be such that it provides a flat surfacefor support of the containers without blocking all air circulatio
22、nthrough the shelf when the containers are in place. The shelfshall be suspended by a vertical shaft and centered with respectto the horizontal interior dimensions of the oven and shall beprovided with a mechanical means of rotating it at the rate of5.5 6 1.0 r/min. The preferred vertical position f
23、or the shelf is150 mm 6 in. above the bottom of the oven (exclusive ofspace occupied by the heating element), and the shelf shall belocated as close to this position as permitted by compliancewith the requirements of 5.2 regarding thermometer placement.The shelf shall be constructed or marked in suc
24、h a way that thesample containers can be placed in the same position duringeach test. There shall be a minimum of two and a maximum ofsix sample container positions. Each sample container positionshall be symmetrical with respect to the shaft and to any holesin the shelf. The number of sample contai
25、ner positions shall bethe maximum that will fit on the shelf without violating theabove requirements and without excessive overhang.5.2 Thermometric DeviceAn ASTM Loss on Heat Ther-mometer having a range from 155 to 170C and conforming tothe requirements for Thermometer 13C, as prescribed inSpecific
26、ation E1, or a Grade A platinum resistancethermometer, commonly known as a PRT or an RTD (or both),conforming to Specification E1137/E1137M, connected to ameter readable to 0.1, and verified accurate at 163C 325F,shall be used for determining the test temperature. The 13Cthermometer, if used, shall
27、be supported from the shaft of thecircular shelf in a vertical position at a point equidistant fromthe center and outer edge of the shelf. The bottom of thethermometer bulb shall be 40 mm 1.5 in. above the top of theshelf. The thermometer shall be radially centered over a samplecontainer position. I
28、f a PRT or RTD is used for determining thetest temperature, it shall be independent of the oven tempera-ture control system and the tip of the measuring sensor shall bepositioned 40 mm 1.5 in. above the top of the shelf andcentered over the arc of the rotating pans. Thermometricdevices shall be cali
29、brated when initially installed, and theiraccuracy at 163C 325F shall be verified at least annuallythereafter.5.3 ContainerCylindrical pans, 140 6 1 mm 5.5 6 0.04in. in inside diameter and 9.5 6 1.5 mm 38 6116 in. deepwith a flat bottom. Fifty millilitres of the sample in this sizecontainer give a f
30、ilm thickness of approximately 3.2 mm 18in. Pans shall be made of stainless steel and shall have a metalthickness of approximately 0.64 mm 0.025 in.NOTE 2Pans have a tendency to become warped or bent with use.Although tests indicate that a small amount of warping does notsignificantly affect results
31、, frequent inspection to eliminate warped ordamaged pans is advisable. The indicated metal thickness has been foundto provide adequate rigidity without excessive weight. Stainless steel pansmanufactured from 0.6-mm thick No. 24 stainless sheet gauge steelcomply with the recommended thickness. Pans m
32、ade from 0.48 mm-thickNo. 26 stainless sheet gauge metal are also acceptable but have a greatertendency to warp during use.5.4 BalanceA balance conforming to the requirements ofguide D4753, Class G2.6. Preparation of Oven6.1 Ensure that the thermometric device tip is positioned 40mm 1.5 in. above th
33、e top of the shelf and centered over thearc of the rotating pans.6.2 Ensure the oven is level so that the shelf rotates in ahorizontal plane. The maximum tilt during rotation shall not bemore than 3 from the horizontal.6.3 Preheat oven for a minimum of two hours prior totesting, with the control set
34、ting adjusted to the setting that willbe used during the test. The setting shall be selected such thatwhen the oven is fully loaded, the oven will equilibrate at 163.06 1C 325 6 2F.NOTE 3Removing sample containers will affect convection patterns inthe oven, and may cause the temperature reading to c
35、hange from thedesired reading. This is normal, and occurs because the thermometricdevice is not in the same location as the temperature control sensor.Replacing the containers should cause the temperature reading to return tothe original reading.7. Preparation of Samples7.1 Place sufficient material
36、 for the test in a suitablecontainer and heat to a fluid condition. Extreme care should betaken so that there is no local overheating of the sample andthat the highest temperature reached is not more than 163C325F. Stir the sample during the heating period, but avoidincorporating air bubbles in the
37、sample. Transfer 50 6 0.5 ginto each of two or more tared containers meeting the require-ments of 5.3.7.2 At the same time, pour a portion of the sample into thecontainers specified for measurement of original asphalt prop-erties. Complete the tests by appropriate ASTM Test MethodsD5, D2170,orD2171.
38、D1754/D1754M 09 (2014)27.3 If the quantitative value of the mass change is desired,cool the samples for the oven test to room temperature anddetermine the mass of each sample separately to the nearest0.001 g. If the mass change is not required, allow the samplesto cool to approximately room temperat
39、ure before placing inthe oven as directed in 8.1.8. Procedure8.1 With the oven preheated and adjusted as described in6.3, quickly place the asphalt samples in the predeterminedsample container positions on the circular shelf (Note 4 andNote 5). Fill any vacant positions with empty samplecontainers,
40、so that every sample container position is occupied.Close the oven door and start rotating the shelf. Maintain thespecified temperature range for 5 h after the sample has beenintroduced and the oven has again reached that temperature.The 5-h period shall start when the temperature reaches 162C323F a
41、nd in no case shall the total time that a sample is inthe oven be more than 514 h. At the conclusion of the heatingperiod, remove the samples from the oven. If the mass changeis not being determined, proceed in accordance with 8.3.Ifthemass change is being determined, cool to room temperature,determ
42、ine the mass to the nearest 0.001 g, and calculate themass change on the basis of the asphalt in each container (Note6).NOTE 4Materials having different mass change characteristics shouldnot generally be tested at the same time due to the possibility ofcross-absorption.NOTE 5This test method does no
43、t prohibit placing an asphalt samplein the position under the mercury thermometer. However, it is recom-mended that this position not be used for a sample, and that an empty panremain in this position, in order to minimize the risk associated withthermometer breakage.NOTE 6When complete tests cannot
44、 be made in the same day, and ifthe mass change is being determined, determine the masses of the residuesand store them overnight before reheating. If the mass change is not beingdetermined, transfer the residue to the 240-mL 8-oz container asdescribed in 8.3 before storing overnight.8.2 After deter
45、mining the mass of the samples, place themon a refractory-board and then on the shelf of the ovenmaintained at 163C 325F. Close the oven and rotate theshelf for 15 min and immediately proceed as described in 8.3.8.3 Remove each pan individually and transfer the contentsby pouring and scraping into a
46、 seamless metal container ofapproximately 240-mL 8-oz capacity. Remove substantiallyall of the material from the pans by scraping with a suitabletool such as a spatula or putty knife. While the residue is beingremoved from each pan, the oven door shall remain closed,with the heater power on, and the
47、 remaining samples rotatingon the shelf. The final pan shall be removed from the ovenwithin 5 min of the removal of the initial pan. Stir thecombined residues thoroughly, in a semi fluid state, untilhomogenous. If needed, heat the combined residues in thecovered metal container in an oven at a tempe
48、rature notexceeding 163C 325F. Complete the tests on residue byappropriate ASTM Test Methods D5, D2170,orD2171 within72 h of performing this test.NOTE 7Care should be taken if the sample is reheated, since excessivereheating can affect the apparent severity of the test.9. Report9.1 Report the values
49、 of the original asphalt propertiesmeasured in 7.2 and the residue property values as measured in8.3. Viscosity change may also be expressed as the ratio of theresidual asphalt viscosity to the original asphalt viscosity.Penetration change is evaluated as the penetration of theresidue expressed as the percentage of the original penetration.9.2 Report ductility or other test results in accordance withthe appropriate ASTM test methods.9.3 When determined, report the average mass
