1、Designation: D1776/D1776M 15Standard Practice forConditioning and Testing Textiles1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1776/D1776M; the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A numbe
2、r in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers the conditioning and testing oftextiles when conditioning is specified in a test method.Because prior exposure of texti
3、les to high or low humidity mayaffect moisture pick-up equilibrium, a procedure also is givenfor preconditioning the material when required.1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivale
4、nts; therefore, eachsystem shall be used independently of the other. Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in non-conformancewith the standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of th
5、is standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for TestingD885 Test Methods for Tire Cord
6、s, Tire Cord Fabrics, andIndustrial Filament Yarns Made from ManufacturedOrganic-Base FibersD4920 Terminology Relating to Conditioning, Chemical,and Thermal PropertiesD5867 Test Methods for Measurement of Physical Proper-ties of Raw Cotton by Cotton Classification InstrumentsD7269 Test Methods for T
7、ensile Testing of Aramid YarnsD7744 Test Methods for Tensile Testing of High Perfor-mance Polyethylene TapesE337 Test Method for Measuring Humidity with a Psy-chrometer (the Measurement of Wet- and Dry-Bulb Tem-peratures)2.2 ISO Standard:ISO 139 Textiles StandardAtmosphere for Conditioning andTestin
8、g33. Terminology3.1 For terminology related to conditioning see Terminol-ogy D4920.3.2 The following terms are relevant to this standard:accelerated conditioning, moisture content, moistureequilibrium, moisture equilibrium for preconditioning, mois-ture equilibrium for testing, precondition, standar
9、d atmospherefor preconditioning textiles, standard atmosphere for testingtextiles, uncertainty of (in) measurement.3.3 For definitions of other textile terms used in thisstandard see Terminology D123.4. Summary of Practice4.1 Samples or specimens requiring preconditioning arebrought to relatively lo
10、w moisture content in a specifiedatmosphere. Samples or specimen not requiring pre-conditioning are brought to moisture equilibrium (specific tofiber-content) according to the standard atmosphere for testingtextiles as shown in Table 1.4.2 Understanding of tolerance and uncertainty of measure-ment h
11、as evolved since the creation of the original version ofthis standard. Due to this new understanding, uncertainty ofmeasurement has been taken into account in determiningacceptable tolerances for the standard atmosphere for testingtextiles as shown in Table 1.5. Significance and Use5.1 The condition
12、ing prescribed in this practice is designedto obtain reproducible results on textiles and textile products.Results of tests obtained on these materials under uncontrolledatmospheres may not be comparable with each other. Ingeneral, many of the physical properties of textiles and textileproducts are
13、influenced by relative humidity and temperature ina manner that affects the results of the tests. To make reliable1This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D13 on Textiles andis the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.51 on Conditioning, Chemical andThermal Properties.Current e
14、dition approved Feb. 1, 2015. Published March 2015. Originallyapproved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D1776081. DOI:10.1520/D1776_D1776M-15.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of
15、 ASTMStandards volume information, refer tot he standards Document summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American National Standards Institute, 11 W. 42nd Street, 13thFloor, New York, NY 10036.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-295
16、9. United States1comparisons among different textile materials and products,and among different laboratories, it is necessary that standardatmospheres be utilized during conditioning and testing.5.2 The documentation of standard atmospheres for precon-ditioning (if necessary), conditioning, testing
17、settings andtolerances including the determination of the uncertainty ofmeasurement of temperature and relative humidity recordingdevices may be necessary for laboratory accreditation. SeeAppendix X1.6. Apparatus6.1 Conditioning Room or Chamber, consisting of:6.1.1 Equipment for the generation of he
18、ated or cooled air,moisture, and air circulation with control devices to maintainstandard atmospheres for testing textiles throughout a labora-tory space, room or chamber within the tolerances given inTable 1.NOTE 1Temperature and relative humidity recording devices used ina testing laboratory are s
19、eparate ones from those cited in 6.1.16.2 Psychrometer, Ventilated by Aspiration, or a similarmeasuring device, which is accurate to 61C 62F, forchecking the recorded relative humidity, as directed in TestMethod E337.6.3 Preconditioning Cabinet, Room, or Space, equipped formaintaining the standard a
20、tmosphere for preconditioning.6.4 Balance, having a sensitivity of one part in 1000 of themass of the specimen.6.5 Multiple Shelf Conditioning Rack,4,5for spreading outsamples and specimens. See Fig. 1.7. Preparation of Test Apparatus and Calibration7.1 Verify the uncertainty of measurement of the t
21、empera-ture and relative humidity devices being used to producestandard atmospheres and those recording temperature andrelative humidity in laboratories as this factor should beincluded in the tolerances prescribed in Table 1. It is recom-mended that devices with the smallest uncertainty of measure-
22、ment be used. See Appendix X1 and Bibliography.7.2 Set-up procedures for the preconditioning and condi-tioning room or chamber from different manufacturers mayvary. Prepare and verify calibration of the temperature andrelative humidity recording devices as directed in the manu-facturers instructions
23、.7.3 Verify calibration of the temperature and relative hu-midity recording devices in the testing room as directed in theequipment manufacturers instructions.4Drawings of the passive conditioning rack may be obtained from the AmericanAssociation of Chemists and Colorists, P. O. Box 12215, Research
24、Triangle Park,NC 27709-2215.5A suitable rapid conditioning system may be constructed in the laboratory. See“Earnest, D. W., Advancements in USDA Cotton Classing Facilities, Proceedings1996, Beltwide Cotton Conferences, pp. 16511654,” and “Knowiton, J. I., andAlldredge, R. K., A New Method for Accele
25、rating Cotton Sample Conditioning inCotton Classing Offces, Proceedings 1994, Beltwide Cotton Conferences, pp.582584.” Suitable self-contained rapid conditioning units are available from atleast two commercial sources.TABLE 1 Standard Atmospheres for Conditioning and Testing General TextilesMaterial
26、PreconditioningATime (h), minTemperature,C FRelative Humidity % Time (h), min ASTM StandardConditioningTextiles, generalBTextiles, specificC202684 655 D1776Cotton fiber classification and testing 4 211702 652 D1776, D5867Tire cords:Polyamide Not applicable 202684 655 16 D885Polyester Not applicable
27、202684 655 2 D885Rayon 202684 655 8AramidD202684 655 D7269Option1 3 202684 655 14 D7269Option2 3 242754 555 14 D7744High Performance Polyethylene Not applicable 202684 655 4Glass fiber products: D618Plasticapplications 232734 505 D1776Textile applications 211702 655 D1776Nonwovens 232734 505 D1776Pl
28、astics and electrical insulation 232734 505 D618APreconditioning is an option and may be employed when samples are being brought to equilibrium moisture content from an extreme high or low moisture content.BPrevious publications of this standard cited tolerances for general textiles without consider
29、ation of the uncertainty of measurement of the temperature and humiditycontrollers or the measurement devices used in textile laboratories. Changes in ISO 139 broadened tolerances to account for the uncertainty of measurement of controllerand measurement devices have also been incorporated into the
30、tolerances for the general textile category.CSpecific textiles conditioning tolerances and their associated standards do not account for the uncertainty of measurement of controllers or devices.DReport the standard atmosphere used.D1776/D1776M 1527.3.1 The temperature and relative humidity indicated
31、 onthe control point or on a recorder located away from thespecimen may not be representative of a localized condition atthe specimen because of local effects or deficiency in circula-tion of air that may take place in an enclosure or room.Tolerances at a controller usually must be smaller than thos
32、erequired at the specimen.7.4 Determine the temperature and relative humidity of theair in the preconditioning cabinet if preconditioning is required(see 6.3), the conditioning room (see 6.1) and the testing roomas directed in Test Method E337. If necessary, adjust theconditions to meet the specifie
33、d limits for the standard atmo-spheres for preconditioning, conditioning, and testing, asapplicable.7.4.1 If the standard atmosphere for testing is found to beout of tolerance, use the guidelines in Note 3 and Table 2 toestablish the equalization time after adjustments have beenmade and the required
34、 tolerances have been attained before anyfurther testing is conducted.7.4.2 Make temperature and relative humidity measure-ments in an atmosphere as close as possible to the specimenbeing conditioned or tested; however, it should not differsignificantly from the room monitoring systems. For largecon
35、ditioning rooms or testing laboratories, multiple sensorsmay be needed.8. Procedure8.1 Sample or Specimen Configuration for Preconditioningor Conditioning:8.1.1 All samples or specimens shall be exposed to theapplicable standard atmospheres in such a manner that the airwill have free access to all s
36、urfaces of the textile.8.1.2 Fiber samples or specimens shall be in their loose oropen state for conditioning.8.1.3 Yarns, threads and other light cordage shall be in skeinform, unless otherwise specified in an applicable ASTM testmethod or specification.8.1.4 Fabric samples or specimens shall be sp
37、read in asingle layer on the shelves of a conditioning rack.8.1.5 For test methods that require preconditioning or con-ditioning of samples before specimen preparation, a clothesline may be used to hang multiple samples, except in caseswhere stretching the textile material may affect certain testing
38、parameters, in which case, samples should be placed onconditioning rack shelves.8.2 Preconditioning:8.2.1 For textile materials known to be sensitive to varia-tions in temperature or humidity, preconditioning samples orspecimens before exposing them to the selected standardatmosphere for conditionin
39、g and testing may be required.8.2.2 If preconditioning is required, place the samples orspecimens in the preconditioning cabinet (see 6.3) and keepthem in the standard atmosphere for preconditioning for aspecified period of time, or until they have attained moistureequilibrium for preconditioning.8.
40、2.3 If preconditioning is carried out in an oven, to ensurethat the material does not become moisture-free, it may beadvisable to perform successive weighing of specimens atintervals of not less than 2 h until the change in mass does notexceed 0.2 %.8.2.3.1 If exposure to oven heat in preconditionin
41、g couldhave a detrimental effect on a physical attribute to beFIG. 1 Multiple Shelf Conditioning RackTABLE 2 Recommended Textile Fabric Conditioning Times byFiber SourceFiber SourceMinimum ConditioningPeriod, hAnimal fibers (ex. wool, cashmere) andregenerated proteins8Vegetable fibers (ex. cotton, f
42、lax) 6Acetate 4Textiles from any fiber having moisture regain ofless than 5.0 % at 65 % relative humidity2D1776/D1776M 153measured, lower the moisture level to exposure using the lowend of the humidity range and room temperature which is 20 to30C 68 to 86F (see Note 3).8.2.4 Sufficient preconditioni
43、ng usually can be achievedafter4hat456 5C 113 6 9F and 15 6 5 % relativehumidity. Because the standard atmosphere for preconditioningtextiles covers a wide range of relative humidity, a closeapproach to equilibrium is in general warranted only at theupper end of the relative humidity range.8.3 Condi
44、tioning:8.3.1 After preconditioning, if required, transfer the samplesor specimens to the conditioning room set at the standardatmosphere for testing textiles according to material typeselected from Table 1 for a specified time or until they attainmoisture equilibrium for testing.NOTE 2The rate for
45、reaching moisture equilibrium may vary depend-ing on the temperature, relative humidity, fiber content, treatments, orcondition of the material prior to preconditioning.8.3.2 Moisture equilibrium is considered to be reachedwhen the change in mass of a specimen in successive weighingdoes not exceed 0
46、.2 % of the mass of the specimen made inintervals of not less than 2 h for specimens in a conditioningspace, room or chamber. When accelerated conditioning isemployed, the user may find that equilibrium is reached insubstantially shorter intervals, such as 2-10 min. In these cases,successive weighin
47、g of the specimen at intervals of 2 min maybe done to determine that the change in mass does not exceed0.2 %.NOTE 3It is recognized that in practice textile materials frequently arenot weighed to determine when moisture equilibrium has been reached.While such practice cannot be accepted in cases of
48、dispute, it may besufficient in routine testing to expose the material to the standardatmosphere for testing for a reasonable period of time before specimensare tested.8.3.3 Textile material should be exposed to standard atmo-sphere for testing according to type as follows or according toan applicab
49、le ASTM test method or specification.8.3.3.1 FabricSamples or specimens should be laid flat ina single thickness on perforated shelves to allow for exposureto freely moving air. The conditioning periods for textilefabrics stated in Table 2 are approximate and apply only tofabrics spread out in single thickness. Heavy fabrics mayrequire longer conditioning periods than those cited in Table 2.If a fabric contains more than one fiber, it should be condi-tioned for the longest period for its com
