1、Designation: D 1824 95 (Reapproved 2002)Standard Test Method forApparent Viscosity of Plastisols and Organosols at LowShear Rates1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 1824; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of rev
2、ision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This test method
3、covers the measurement of plastisoland organosol viscosity at low shear rates.1.2 Apparent viscosity at high shear rates is covered in TestMethod D 1823.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.4 This standard does
4、 not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.NOTE 1This test method resembles ISO
5、3219-1977 in title only. Thecontent is significantly different.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:D 1755 Specification for Poly(Vinyl Chloride) Resins2D 1823 Test Method for Apparent Viscosity of Plastisolsand Organosols at High Shear Rates by Extrusion Viscom-eter2E1 Specification for ASTM T
6、hermometers3E 691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test Method42.2 ISO Standard:ISO 3219-1977: Polymers in the Liquid, Emulsified, orDispersed StateDetermination of Viscosity With a Ro-tational Viscometer Working at a Defined Shear Rate53. Summary of Te
7、st Method3.1 The sample is conditioned to the proper temperature andits viscosity is determined.4. Significance and Use4.1 The suitability of a dispersion resin for any givenapplication process is dependent upon its viscosity character-istics.4.2 The viscosity defines the flow behavior of a plastiso
8、l ororganosol under low shear. This viscosity relates to theconditions encountered in pouring, casting, molding, anddipping processes.5. Apparatus5.1 Viscometer.65.2 Sample Containers, Tin Cans, or Glass Jars, 1-pt(500-mL) capacity. Minimum dimensions of containers shouldbe 80-mm (3.15-in.) inside d
9、iameter by 80 mm (3.15 in.) deep.5.3 Thermometer, ASTM Solvents Distillation Thermom-eter having a range from 2 to + 52C (28 to 126F) andconforming to the requirements for Thermometer 37C asprescribed in Specification E1.5.4 Timer.6. Conditioning6.1 Maintain the plastisol or organosol samples at 23
10、6 1C(73 6 2F) and 50 6 5 % relative humidity at all times aftermixing and throughout the period of viscosity determinations.7. Procedure7.1 Select a spindle that will read in the middle or upperportion of the viscometer dial at the highest rotational speed tobe used. Insert the spindle into the samp
11、le at approximately a45 angle. Withdraw the spindle and attach it to the viscometer.Taking care not to entrap an air bubble, lower the viscometer toimmerse the spindle near the edge of the sample. Move thesample so as to center the spindle. Adjust its depth to theimmersion mark.1This test method is
12、under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D20 on Plasticsand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.15 on Thermoplastic Materials(Section D20.15.08).Current edition approved March 15, 1995. Published May 1995. Originallypublished as D1824 61T. Last previous edition D1824 90.This edition cont
13、ains changes in Sections 1, 2, and 11 to include an ISOequivalency statement, to reference a high shear rate test method, and to includeKeywords.2Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.01.3Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.03.4Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.5Available from American Nati
14、onal Standards Institute, 25 W. 43rd St., 4thFloor, New York, NY 10036.6Brookfield model RVF or LVF, or equivalent has been found satisfactory forthis purpose. Brookfield Engnrg. Labs, Inc., Stoughton, MA 02072.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA
15、19428-2959, United States.7.2 Start the viscometer at its lowest speed. Allow it to run2 min. Record the scale reading during the next rotation.Without stopping the viscometer, switch to the next higherspeed. Record the scale readings after 2 min at each speed inorder from the lowest to the highest
16、speeds.7.3 Record the sample temperature at the conclusion ofviscosity readings.8. Calculation8.1 Calculate the viscosity using the factors provided withthe viscometer.9. Report9.1 Report the following information:9.1.1 Complete sample identification.9.1.2 Temperature of the sample.9.1.3 Viscometer
17、model and spindle number used for test.9.1.4 Viscosity at each spindle speed used.9.1.5 Sample conditioning time.NOTE 2If only one viscosity is to be reported, record as the viscosity,the poises at 20 rpm for Model RVF, or at 60 rpm for Model LVF, togetherwith the aging period, viscometer model and
18、spindle number, for example,“Viscosity, 20 rpm, 2-h aging, Model RVF, No. 6 spindle = X poises.” Inall cases when only one value is reported, the test shall be run at each ofthe speeds in the order indicated in the procedure.10. Precision and Bias710.1 Table 1 and Table 2 are based on a round robinc
19、onducted in 1983 involving six PVC dispersion resins testedby five laboratories at 2 RPM and 20 RPM. For each resin, allthe samples were prepared at one source, but the individualplastisols were prepared according to Specification D 1755 atthe laboratories which tested them. Each test result consist
20、ed ofone individual determination at the stated RPM. Each labora-tory obtained five test results for each resin at 2 RPM and 20RPM.NOTE 3Caution: The following explanations of r and R (10.2-10.2.3)are only intended to present a meaningful way of considering theapproximate precision of this test meth
21、od. With data from only fivelaboratories, the between-laboratories results, in particular, should beviewed with extreme caution! The data in Table 1 through 4 should not berigorously applied to acceptance or rejection of material, as those data arespecific to the round robin and may not be represent
22、ative of other lots,conditions, materials, or laboratories. Users of this test method shouldapply the principles outlined in the 1987 edition of Practice E 691 togenerate data specific to their laboratory and materials, or between specificlaboratories. The principles of 10.2-10.2.3 would then be val
23、id for suchdata.10.2 Concept of r and RIf Srand SRwere calculated froma large enough body of data, and for test results consisting ofone determination per test result:10.2.1 Repeatability Limit, rIn comparing two test resultsfor the same material, obtained by the same operator using thesame equipmen
24、t on the same day, the two test results should bejudged not equivalent if they differ by more than the r value forthat material.10.2.2 Reproducibility Limit, RIn comparing two testresults for the same material, obtained by different operatorsusing different equipment in different laboratories on dif
25、ferentdays, the two test results should be judged not equivalent ifthey differ by more than the R value for that material.10.2.3 Any judgment in accordance with 10.2.1 or 10.2.2would have an approximate 95 % (0.95) probability of beingcorrect.10.3 There are no recognized standards by which to esti-m
26、ate bias of this test method.11. Keywords11.1 apparent viscosity; low shear rate viscometry; PVCorganosol; PVC plastisol; rotational viscometer7Supporting data are available from ASTM Headquarters. Request RR: D201137.TABLE 1 Precision of Viscosity Data at 2 RPMAverageViscosityValues expressed as% o
27、f the AverageResin (Poises) nrAnRBrCRDI 33.20 8.1 12.0 22.7 33.7IV 62.00 4.2 13.7 11.8 38.4II 141.76 8.2 31.0 23.0 86.7V 197.04 13.2 44.4 37.0 124.2III 265.36 18.6 35.9 52.1 100.6VI 607.68 23.6 45.1 66.1 126.3Anris the within-laboratory coefficient of variation of the average.BnRis the between-labor
28、atories coefficient of variation of the average.Cr is the within-laboratory Repeatability Limit ( = 2.8 nr).DR is the between-laboratories Reproducibility Limit ( = 2.8 nR).TABLE 2 Precision of Viscosity Data at 20 RPMAverageViscosityValues expressed as% of the AverageResin (Poises) nrAnRBrCRDV 24.7
29、2 8.5 12.1 23.8 34.0IV 38.36 3.9 12.8 10.9 35.8II 82.24 6.3 26.8 17.6 74.9I 92.52 6.9 14.5 19.3 40.6III 102.40 11.8 22.6 33.0 63.2VI 226.05 11.6 27.1 32.5 75.9Anris the within-laboratory coefficient of variation of the average.BnRis the between-laboratories coefficient of variation of the average.Cr
30、 is the within-laboratory Repeatability Limit ( = 2.8 nr).DR is the between-laboratories Reproducibility Limit ( = 2.8 nR).D 1824 95 (2002)2ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this
31、standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years
32、 andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committe
33、e, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).D 1824 95 (2002)3
