1、Designation: D1831 11Standard Test Method forRoll Stability of Lubricating Grease1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1831; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in par
2、entheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers determination of the changes inthe consiste
3、ncy, as measured by cone penetration, of lubricat-ing greases when worked in the roll stability test apparatus.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.2.1 ExceptionThe values stated in inch-pound units forthe appar
4、atus dimensions are to be regarded as standard; the SIconversions are provided for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and heal
5、th practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D217 Test Methods for Cone Penetration of LubricatingGreaseD1403 Test Methods for Cone Penetration of LubricatingGrease Using One-Quarter and One-Half Scale ConeEquipmentD4
6、175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum, PetroleumProducts, and Lubricants3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 consistency, nof lubricating grease, the degree ofresistance to movement under stress.3.1.1.1 DiscussionThe term consistency is used some-what synonymously with penetration. Generally, consist
7、encyrefers to the worked penetration of a grease. D2173.1.2 lubricant, nany material interposed between twosurfaces that reduces the friction or wear between them.D41753.1.3 lubricating grease, na semi-fluid to solid product ofa dispersion of a thickener in a liquid lubricant.3.1.3.1 DiscussionThe d
8、ispersion of the thickener forms atwo-phase system and immobilizes the liquid lubricant bysurface tension and other physical forces. Other ingredientsimparting special properties are often included. D2173.1.4 penetration, nof lubricating grease, the depth thatthe standard cone, when released to fall
9、 under its own weightfor 5 s, enters the sample. D2173.1.5 thickener, nin lubricating grease, a substance com-posed of finely divided particles dispersed in a liquid lubricantto form the products structure.3.1.5.1 DiscussionThe thickener can be fibers (such asvarious metallic soaps) or plates or sph
10、eres (such as certainnon-soap thickeners) which are insoluble or, at the most, onlyvery slightly soluble in the liquid lubricant. The generalrequirements are that the solid particles be extremely small,uniformly dispersed, and capable of forming a relatively stable,gel-like structure with the liquid
11、 lubricant. D2173.1.6 worked penetration, nof lubricating grease, thepenetration at 25C (77F), without delay, of a sample after 60double strokes in a standard grease worker. D2173.1.7 working, nof lubricating grease, the subjection of asample to the shearing action of the standard grease worker.D217
12、3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 roll stability, nof lubricating grease, the change inconsistency of a sample after a specified amount of working ina test apparatus utilizing a weighted roller inside a rotatingcylinder.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The Test Methods D1403 cone
13、penetration of an ap-proximately 50-g aliquot of lubricating grease is determined.The grease is then subjected to low shear at 20 to 35C for 2h 6 5 min in a standard roll stability apparatus, before the conepenetration is again measured. The difference between the cone1This test method is under the
14、jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.G0.02 on Consistency and Related Rheological Tests.Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2011. Published January 2011. Originallyapproved in 1961. Last previous edition approved in 2
15、006 as D183100(2006).DOI: 10.1520/D1831-11.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM In
16、ternational, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.penetration before working and the cone penetration after isused as a measure of the effect of low shear working on greaseconsistency.5. Significance and Use5.1 The roll stability test is widely used in
17、specifications.Test results are significant insofar as they can show a direc-tional change in consistency that could occur in service. Noaccurate correlation is established between the test results andshear stability in actual service.6. Apparatus6.1 Roll Stability Test Apparatus, capable of rotatin
18、g a steelcylinder and 5 6 0.05 kg roller weight at a rolling speed of 1656 15 rpm. One such example of a suitable apparatus is shownin Fig. 1.6.2 One-Quarter or One-Half Scale Cone and Shaft withWorker, as described in Test Methods D1403.7. Procedure7.1 Determine the worked penetration in accordance
19、 withTest Methods D1403.7.2 Transfer 50 6 1 g of the unworked grease to the testcylinder. Distribute the grease uniformly on the inside wall ofthe cylinder with a spatula. Place the weighted roll in thecylinder and tighten the cap.7.3 Mount the cylinder in position, start the machine, andrecord the
20、time and room temperature which should be limitedto 20 to 35C. If the cylinder is enclosed within a cabinet, thetemperature around the cylinder shall be maintained at 20 to35C.7.4 After rolling for 2 h 6 5 min, remove the grease fromthe cylinder promptly and proceed with the requirements ofworked pe
21、netration in Test Methods D1403. Record theworked penetration.After transferring the grease to the worker,clean the roll stability test apparatus by wiping with clean clothor tissue.NOTESI Equivalents:Inches Millimetres0.010 0.25238 60.3333564 90.0961516 176.217332 180.18FIG. 1 Roll Stability Tester
22、D1831 1127.5 Convert the fractional scale penetration values deter-mined by Test Methods D1403 (before and after rolling) intothe equivalent full scale cone penetration values using theappropriate equations described in Test Methods D1403.8. Calculation8.1 Calculate the change in consistency of the
23、sample asfollows:Penetration change 5 P22 P1(1)where:P2= final full-scale penetration reading, andP1= initial full-scale penetration reading.NOTE 1Penetration readings are measured in tenths of a millimetre.Anegative penetration change indicates hardening of a grease while apositive penetration chan
24、ge indicates softening.9. Report9.1 The value calculated in 8.1 is reported as the change inconsistency.10. Precision and Bias310.1 The precision of this test method is not known to havebeen obtained in accordance with currently accepted guidelines(for example in Committee D02 research report RR:D02
25、-1007, “Manual on Determining Precision Data for ASTMMethods on Petroleum Products and Lubricants”).10.2 The precision of the test method (Note 2) as deter-mined by statistical examination of interlaboratory results is asfollows:NOTE 2The criteria for repeatability and reproducibility are based onth
26、e spread in the numbers after conversion to the full-scale units describedin Test Methods D1403. Precision of this test method was establishedusing the one-quarter scale equipment, but based on the precision valuesin Test Methods D1403, the precision of this test should be at least as goodor better
27、using the one-half scale equipment.10.2.1 RepeatabilityThe difference between two test re-sults, obtained by the same operator with the same apparatusunder constant operating conditions on identical test material,would in the long run, in the normal and correct operation ofthe test method, exceed th
28、e following values only in one casein twenty:Range of Sample RepeatabilityNLGI4Consistency Nos. 1 and 2 11 penetration unitstenths of a millimetre10.2.2 ReproducibilityThe difference between two singleand independent results obtained by different operators work-ing in different laboratories on ident
29、ical test material would, inthe long run, in the normal and correct operation of the testmethod, exceed the following values only in one case intwenty:Range of Sample ReproducibilityNLGI4Consistency Nos. 1 and 2 45 penetration unitstenths of a millimetre10.3 BiasThe procedure in Test Method D1831 ha
30、s nobias because the value of the change in penetration can bedefined only in terms of a test method.11. Keywords11.1 cone penetration; consistency; lubricating grease; pen-etration; roll stability; shear stabilityASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asse
31、rted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by
32、 the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will recei
33、ve careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM Inter
34、national, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or throug
35、h the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).3No research report is on file because this test method was developed beforeresearch report guidelines were instituted and the round-robin data are no longeravailable.4NLGI International Headquarters, 4635 Wyandotte St., Suite 202, Kansas City,MO 64112.D1831 113
