1、Designation: D1869 15Standard Specification forRubber Rings for Fiber-Reinforced Cement Pipe1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1869; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A nu
2、mber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers rubber rings used to seal
3、 thejoints of asbestos-cement pipe conforming to SpecificationsC296, C428, C668, and non-asbestos fiber-cement pipe con-forming to Specification C1449.1.2 A specification is given for (1) natural or syntheticrubber rings, or both, where resistance to oil or solvents is notrequired, and (2) synthetic
4、 rubber rings for services involvingresistance to oil or solvents.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.4 WarningBreathing of asbestos dust is hazardous.Asbestos and asbestos products present demonstrated health
5、risks for users and for those with whom they come into contact.In addition to other precautions, when working with asbestos-cement products, minimize the dust that results. For informa-tion on the safe use of chrysotile asbestos, refer to “Safe Use ofChrysotile: A Manual on Preventive and Control Me
6、asures.”21.5 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to thetest methods portion, Section 9, of this standard: This standarddoes not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any,associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of thisstandard to establish appropriate s
7、afety and health practicesand determine the applicability of regulatory limitations priorto use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3C296 Specification for Asbestos-Cement Pressure PipeC428 Specification forAsbestos-Cement Nonpressure SewerPipeC668 Specification for Asbestos-Cement Transmissio
8、n PipeC1449 Specification for Non-Asbestos Fiber-Cement Non-pressure Sewer PipeD395 Test Methods for Rubber PropertyCompression SetD412 Test Methods for Vulcanized Rubber and Thermoplas-tic ElastomersTensionD471 Test Method for Rubber PropertyEffect of LiquidsD573 Test Method for RubberDeterioration
9、 in an AirOvenD865 Test Method for RubberDeterioration by Heating inAir (Test Tube Enclosure)D1415 Test Method for Rubber PropertyInternationalHardnessD2137 Test Methods for Rubber PropertyBrittleness Pointof Flexible Polymers and Coated FabricsD2240 Test Method for Rubber PropertyDurometer Hard-nes
10、s2.2 Other Document:4Rubber Manufacturers Association (RMA), Rubber Hand-book MO-1Molded, Extruded, Lathe-Cut and CellularProducts3. Composition and Manufacture3.1 The ring shall consist of a properly vulcanized virginrubber compound. Virgin rubber is defined as one containingno scrap, reclaim, or r
11、ubber substitutes.3.2 If a joint is used in the manufacture of the ring, thestrength of the spliced joint shall be such that the ring willwithstand the stretch test described in 9.8 with no visibleseparation or peeling.4. Physical Requirements4.1 Sample rings taken from the shipment shall conform to
12、the requirements for physical properties prescribed in Table 1when tested in accordance with the test methods specified inSection 9.1This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D11 on Rubberand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D11.37 on Coated Fabrics, RubberThreads and
13、 Seals.Current edition approved June 1, 2015. Published August 2015. Originallyapproved in 1961. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D1869 95 (2010).DOI: 10.1520/D1869-15.2Available from The Asbestos Institute, http:/ referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact A
14、STM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.4Available from Rubber Manufacturers Association (RMA), 1400 K St., NW,Suite 900, Washington, DC 20005, http:/www.rma.org.Copyright ASTM Inter
15、national, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States15. Dimensions and Tolerances5.1 The rings shall conform to the dimensions specified bythe manufacturer of the pipe in which the rings are to be used,with an RMAClass 3 (see 2.2) tolerance of 60.25 up to 25
16、mm(60.010 up to 1 in.) on all cross-section dimensions, and 61%on all diametral dimensions, unless otherwise agreed upon bythe pipe manufacturer and the ring supplier.NOTE 1The design and tolerances of fiber-reinforced cement pipe arenot sufficiently standardized to permit interchangeability of ring
17、s in manycases from pipe of one manufacturer to that of another.6. Workmanship6.1 The surface shall be smooth and free of pitting, cracks,blisters, air marks, and any other imperfection that would affectits behavior in service. The body shall be free of porosity andair pockets.6.2 The flash thicknes
18、s shall not exceed 0.4 mm (0.015 in.),nor the flash width 0.8 mm (0.03 in.) at any point in the ring.6.3 Offset, or failure of the mold to register accurately, shallnot exceed 0.4 mm (0.015 in.).7. Sampling7.1 A number of sample rings shall be drawn at randomfrom each shipment of rings in accordance
19、 with Table 2.7.2 These shall be stretched and examined as specified in9.8. A sufficient additional number of rings shall be drawn atrandom for the tests specified in Table 1.8. Precision and Bias8.1 This is a performance specification establishing limitsfor commercial product quality. No precision
20、or bias state-ments are required.9. Test Methods9.1 Tensile Strength, Elongation, and Stress at 300 %ElongationTest Methods D412:9.1.1 Cut samples for tensile strength, elongation, and stressat 300 % elongation tests from circumferential sections of thering itself.9.1.2 From these samples stamp dumb
21、bell test specimensusing a standard ASTM Type C dumbbell conforming to Fig. 1of Test Methods D412.9.1.3 The sections from which the dumbbells are cut shallbe prepared by sectioning a sample ring held rigidly in a jig,which in turn is mounted in a chuck of a machinists lathe. Asharp, thin cutting kni
22、fe shall be mounted in the lathe holderand the cut made at a right angle to the jig face. The cutting siteshall be lubricated at all times by a jet of cool water.9.1.4 These sections shall be buffed lightly prior to cuttinginto dumbbell specimens in order to bring them to a uniformthickness for test
23、ing.9.2 Hardness:9.2.1 Test Method D1415 shall be used as the refereemethod.9.2.2 Test Method D2240 may be used for quality control.TABLE 1 Physical Requirements of Rubber Rings for Asbestos-Cement PipeTestType of Rubber RingNonoil-Resistant Oil-ResistantOriginal Properties:Tensile strength, min, MP
24、a (psi):Average of three specimens 14.0 (2000) 10.5 (1500)Lowest individual 12.5 (1800) 9.0 (1300)Elongation, min, %:Average of three specimens 350 325Lowest individual 325 300Hardness numberAnominal 5 nominal 5Stress at 300 % elongation, MPa (psi):Max 16.0 (2300) 16.0 (2300)Min 8.4 (1200) 7.0 (1000
25、)Compression set, max, % 16 25Low-temperature flexibility no cracks no cracksAfter Oven Aging:Tensile strength, average decrease, max, % 15 20Elongation, average decrease, max, % 25 30Hardness, average increase, max, points 7 15After Water Aging:Volume change, max, % 12 12Appearance change no surfac
26、e degradation no surface degradationAfter Oil Aging:Tensile strength, average decrease, max, % . 35Elongation, average decrease, max, % . 40Hardness, average change, points . 10 to + 2Volume change, average, % . 1 to + 15ANominal hardness shall be from 50 to 60 as specified by the pipe manufacturer.
27、TABLE 2 Sampling Plan for Stretch Test for Visual InspectionNumber of Ringsin ShipmentNumber of Rings inSampleMaximum Number ofDefectives forAcceptanceUp to 800 75 4801 to 3 200 150 83 201 to 8 000 225 118 001 to 22 000 300 14D1869 1529.2.3 Hardness readings for guidance purposes may betaken directl
28、y on the ring, recognizing that those may varyslightly from those taken on dumbbell specimens.9.3 Air Aging: Tensile Strength, Elongation, and Hardness:9.3.1 Test Methods D865 (preferred) or D573, in conjunc-tion with Test Methods D412 and D1415 or D2240. Preparetest specimens in accordance with 9.1
29、.9.3.2 Age nonoil-resistant specimens for 166 6 2hat7062C.9.3.3 Age oil-resistant specimens for 70 6 0.7 h at 100 62C.9.4 Water Aging: Volume and Appearance Change:9.4.1 Cut one specimen 50 6 3 mm (2.0 6 0.1 in.) long andnot less than 13 mm2(0.2 in.2) in cross section from each ofthree rings.9.4.2 T
30、otally immerse the specimens in the siphon cup of aninsulated 3-dm3extraction apparatus, and hold at a temperatureof 100 6 2C for 20 consecutive days. Suspend the specimensat least 50 mm (2 in.) beneath the surface of the water in sucha manner that they do not contact one another or the surface ofth
31、e cup.9.4.3 Immediately after removal from the boiling water, blotthe specimens, weigh and calculate the volume increase inaccordance with Test Method D471.9.4.4 Average the values obtained for the three specimens.9.5 Compression Set:9.5.1 Method B of Test Methods D395, except cut threespecimens fro
32、m separate rings about 75 mm (3 in.) in lengthand the full cross-sectional area of the ring in a compressiondevice 50 mm long.9.5.1.1 Place the specimens in the compression device withthe inside and outside circumference sides in contact with thecompression plates.9.5.1.2 If this is impractical beca
33、use of the size or shape ofthe specimens, they shall be placed in the compression devicein a manner that will give the most accurate values.9.5.2 Make a reference measurement at any convenientpoint where the section is solid and compress the specimen50 % at the reference point, using spacers.9.5.3 O
34、ven age nonoil-resistant specimens for 22 6 0.25 hat 70 6 2C.9.5.4 Oven age oil-resistant specimens for 22 6 0.25 h at100 6 1C.9.6 Low-Temperature Flexibility:9.6.1 Test Methods D2137.9.6.2 Prepare test specimens in accordance with 9.1.2 9.1.4. The temperature of test shall be -25 6 2C.9.7 Oil Aging
35、: Tensile Strength, Elongation, Hardness, andVolume Change:9.7.1 Test Method D471.9.7.2 Prepare test specimens for tensile strength, elongation,and hardness tests in accordance with 9.1.2 9.1.4.9.7.3 Prepare specimens for the volume change test inaccordance with 9.4.1.9.7.4 Immerse the specimens in
36、ASTM Oil No. 3 for 70 60.7 h at 100 6 2C.9.8 Stretch Test for Visual Examination:9.8.1 Stretch the rings until the circumference has increased50 %.9.8.2 Inspect each ring visually for defects in accordancewith 3.2 and 6.1.9.8.3 The number of rings to be examined and the maximumnumber of defective ri
37、ngs for acceptance of the lot is shown inTable 2.10. Product Marking10.1 Each ring shall be marked with clearly legible letters,the size of which shall not exceed 6 mm (14 in.).10.2 The markings shall include the ring manufacturersname or symbol, the pipe manufacturers name or symbol, thepipe size a
38、nd pressure rating, and the year of manufacture.10.3 Each oil-resistant synthetic rubber ring shall be markedwith a color stripe, dot, or other identifying mark to distinguishthis ring from the nonoil-resistant type.10.3.1 The shape and color of the mark shall be as specifiedby the manufacturer of t
39、he pipe in which the ring is to be used.11. Keywords11.1 asbestos-cement pipe; fiber-cement pipe; non-oil resis-tant; oil-resistant; rubber ringsASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of
40、this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five
41、years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical com
42、mittee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 1
43、9428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ 153
