1、Designation: D 1903 03Standard Test Method forCoefficient of Thermal Expansion of Electrical InsulatingLiquids of Petroleum Origin, and Askarels1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 1903; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in
2、the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of the coef-ficient of thermal expansion
3、of electrical insulating liquids ofpetroleum origin, and askarels, containing PCBs (polychlori-nated biphenyls), when used as an insulating or coolingmedium, or both, in cables, transformers, oil circuit breakers,capacitors, or similar apparatus.1.2 The values given in acceptable metric units are to
4、 beregarded as the standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations
5、prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:D 941 Test Method for Density and Relative Density (Spe-cific Gravity) of Liquids by Lipkin Bicapillary Pycnom-eter2D 1250 Guide for Petroleum Measurement Tables2,3D 1298 Practice for Density, Relative Density (SpecificGravity), or API Gravity o
6、f Crude Petroleum and LiquidPetroleum Products by Hydrometer Method2D 1810 Test Method for Specific Gravity of Askarels43. Terminology3.1 Definition of Term Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 coeffcient of thermal expansion of a liquid, nthechange in volume per unit volume per degree change intemperatu
7、re. It is commonly stated as the average coefficientover a given temperature range.4. Significance and Use4.1 Knowledge of the coefficient of thermal expansion of aliquid is essential to compute the required size of a container toaccommodate a volume of liquid over the full temperaturerange to which
8、 it will be subjected. It is also used to computethe volume of void space that would exist in an inelastic devicefilled with the liquid after the liquid has cooled to a lowertemperature.5. Procedure for Liquids of Petroleum Origin5.1 The coefficient of thermal expansion used in GuideD 1250, is 0.000
9、40/F for the temperature range from 17.7 to65.5C (0 to 150F), and petroleum oils ranging from 15.0 to34.9 API gravity or 0.9659 to 0.8504 relative density (specificgravity). In the preparation of these tables for relative density(specific gravity) values above 0.600, it has been assumed forpurposes
10、of standardization that all crude petroleum andpetroleum products have uniform coefficients of expansion inthe same temperature ranges. When the required accuracy ofresults falls within these assumptions, this value for coefficientof expansion may be used.5.2 If closer approximation than that indica
11、ted in 5.1 isrequired, the coefficient of thermal expansion may be calcu-lated by determining observed relative densities (specificgravities). Determine the relative densities at any two tempera-tures below 90C (194F) and not less than 5C (9F), normore than 14C (25F) degrees apart by Practice D 1298
12、 Thedifference in the observed relative densities at the two tem-peratures divided by the product of the relative density at thelower temperature and the difference in the two temperaturesmay be used as the average coefficient of expansion for theobserved temperature range.6. Procedure for Askarels
13、6.1 Determine the relative density (specific gravity) of theaskarel at any two convenient temperatures below 90C(194F) and not less than 14C (25F) apart by Test MethodD 1810. The difference in the observed relative densities at thetwo temperatures divided by the product of the relative density1This
14、test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D27 onElectrical Insulating Liquids and Gasesand is the direct responsibility of Subcom-mittee D27.07on Physical Tests.Current edition approved March 10, 2003. Published May 2003. Originallyapproved in 1961. Last previous edition approved in 19
15、96 as D 1903 96.2Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.01.3These tables are issued as a separate publication in 3 volumes, Americanedition, British edition and Metric edition, available from ASTM International.4Discontinued, See 1999 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 10.03.1Copyright ASTM Internati
16、onal, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.at the lower temperature and the difference in the two tempera-tures may be used as the average coefficient of expansion forthe observed temperature range.6.2 If suitably calibrated hydrometers for determining
17、therelative density of an askarel are not available, Test MethodD 941 may be used.7. Calculation7.1 Calculate the coefficient of thermal expansion as fol-lows:Coefficient of thermal expansion 5 S 2 S1!/ST12 T!where:S = relative density (specific gravity) at lower tempera-ture T,S1= relative density
18、specific gravity) at higher tempera-ture T1,T = lower temperature, andT1= higher temperature.8. Precision and Bias8.1 This test method does not lend itself to a precision andbias statement, due to the fact that the coefficient of thermalexpansion as determined by this test method is a calculatedqua
19、ntity obtained from measurements made using other stan-dard methods.9. Keywords9.1 askarels; density; electrical insulating liquids; petro-leum; specific gravity; volumeASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin
20、this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must
21、 be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of ther
22、esponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).D 1903 032
