1、Designation: D1912 00 (Reapproved 2016)Standard Test Method forCold-Crack Resistance of Upholstery Leather1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1912; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last
2、revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method2covers the measurement of the cold-crack resistance on all types of upholstery leathers, butespecially in
3、the field of automotive upholstery.3This testmethod does not apply to wet blue.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas the standard. The values given in parentheses are providedfor information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any
4、, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Adjuncts:Greuel rotary cold-fold test machine (14 drawings, 1
5、list)43. Summary of Test Method3.1 In this test method, the cold-crack resistance of uphol-stery leather is measured by means of a mechanically-appliedpressure to a cone-shaped specimen of leather after both thespecimen and the pressure-device have been conditioned in acarefully controlled cold cabi
6、net. Both the specimen and themachine remain in the cold cabinet during testing.4. Significance and Use4.1 The results are reproducible5and correlate with the coldimpact test6and also correlate with actual practice conditions.7Acomparison of the significance of this test method with othertest method
7、s has also been made.55. Apparatus5.1 Greuel Rotary Cold-Fold Test Machine,4,8as shown inFig. 1 and consisting of two tangential knurled rollers drivenby a chain drive.5.2 Steel Die or Other Shearing Device.5.3 Cold Cabinet, capable of maintaining temperaturesfrom 50 to +20F (45 to 6C) within 61F (0
8、.5C) andflexible enough so that temperatures can be adjusted easily andquickly in 5 increments.5.4 Specimen Racks, constructed so that the specimens maybe suspended in the air by attachment at point C with a paperclip (see Fig. 2).5.5 Pliers-Type Stapler.5.6 Temperature Indicator, with a range from
9、50 to +20F(45 to 6C) and an accuracy of 61F (0.5C) for measuringthe temperature of the area adjacent to the specimens in thecabinet.6. Test Specimen6.1 The specimen shall be cut with a die or other shearingdevice to a size shown in Fig. 2(a). The specimen may be cutfrom any area on the hide.6.2 Afte
10、r cutting, the specimen shall be folded and stapledso as to make a cone shape with the finished side out, such as1This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D31 on Leatherand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D31.05 on Upholstery. Thisstandard was developed in cooperation
11、 with the American Leather Chemists Assn.Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2016. Published September 2016. Originallyapproved in 1961. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D191200 (2010).DOI: 10.1520/D1912-00R16.2Sometimes referred to as the Greuel Cold-Fold Test in Upholstery Groupliterature.3
12、In the past, cold-crack resistance has been measured by various methods whichwere evaluated by the Upholstery Group Technical Committee in April 1957, andthe Cold-Fold Test was adopted as a standard test in the industry. The method hasbeen adopted by the following groups:The Upholstery Leather Group
13、, Tanners Council of America.Fisher Body Division of General Motors Corp., Specification No. 29.1, datedApril 12, 1957.4Detailed drawings of this machine are available at a nominal cost from: ASTMInternational Headquarters. Order Adjunct No. ADJD1912. Original adjunct pro-duced in 1957.5Good reprodu
14、cibility is evidenced by correlation tests conducted by theUpholstery Leather Group Technical Committee in April 1956 and reported byFopma, R. J., “Study of Cold-Crack Test for Upholstery Leathers,” The Journal ofthe American Leather Chemists Association, Vol LIV, No. 4, April 1959, p. 194.6ALCA Tes
15、t Method E42, Provisional, April 1953.7Upholstery Group Technical Committee, Tanners Council of America files,“Correlation of Cold-Fold versus Cold Impact Tests versusActual Cushion Testing.”8The sole source of supply of the test machine known to the committee at thistime is Aim Tool and Die, 14324
16、172nd St., Grand Haven, MI 49417. If you areaware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM Headquar-ters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee,1which you may attend.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor D
17、rive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1is shown in Fig. 2(b). This is done by stapling as close to theapex of the cone as possible, point D, and then stapling pointsA and B together. Staples should not go through the backsection, C. Alternatively, the fastening may be don
18、e by meansof pressure sensitive tape along the line AB-D.7. Conditioning7.1 Bring all test specimens into equilibrium in an atmo-sphere of 50 6 4 % relative humidity at a temperature of 73 62F (23 6 1C) before testing.7.2 When the cabinet is maintained at the requiredtemperature, hold the specimens
19、for 60 min at this temperatureand then test them in the cold-fold test machine.8. Procedure8.1 Turn on the cold-fold test machine, open the cabinet,and insert the specimens between the rollers as quickly aspossible, being careful the temperature does not change, asindicated by a thermometer in the i
20、mmediate test area. Duringthe testing, keep the machine in the cold cabinet.8.2 Handle the specimens with either a pair of tongs orgloves, that have remained in the cold cabinet during condi-tioning. Insert the specimens between the rolls, point first withthe stapled side up.8.3 Remove the rack and
21、specimens from the cabinet andexamine the specimens for cracks as described in 9.1.1.8.4 If other temperatures of test are required, equilibrateother sets of specimens as described in 7.2 and repeat theprocedure. Under no circumstances should specimens that havebeen put through the machine at one te
22、mperature be retested atanother temperature.9. Report9.1 Report the following information:9.1.1 Results of the test, reporting as a failure any specimendisplaying a crack through the finish to the leather or continu-ing through the leather.9.1.2 Temperature at which the specimen fails.10. Precision
23、and Bias10.1 The expected precision of this test method is a standarddeviation of 5F (3C).911. Keywords11.1 automotive upholstery; cold-crack; genuine upholsteryleather; finish systems; urethane; vinyl; waterbased acrylicsASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rig
24、hts asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any
25、 time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments wi
26、ll receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by AS
27、TM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); o
28、r through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ determined by The Upholstery Group Technical Committee, see Footnote 6.FIG. 1 Greuel Rotary Cold-Fold Test MachineMetric Equivalentsin. 4 51316mm 102 148(a) Before folding.(b) After folding.FIG. 2 Method of Folding Test SpecimenD1912 00 (2016)2
