1、Designation: D1992 91 (Reapproved 2013)Standard Guide forTesting Synthetic Plasticizers Used in Rubber1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1992; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revi
2、sion. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This guide covers test methods for synthetic plasticizersthat are used in rubber applications.1.2 This standard does not purpor
3、t to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D70 T
4、est Method for Density of Semi-Solid BituminousMaterials (Pycnometer Method)D92 Test Method for Flash and Fire Points by ClevelandOpen Cup TesterD891 Test Methods for Specific Gravity,Apparent, of LiquidIndustrial ChemicalsD1045 Test Methods for Sampling and Testing PlasticizersUsed in PlasticsD1209
5、 Test Method for Color of Clear Liquids (Platinum-Cobalt Scale)D1218 Test Method for Refractive Index and RefractiveDispersion of Hydrocarbon LiquidsD1544 Test Method for Color of Transparent Liquids (Gard-ner Color Scale)D1962 Test Method for Saponification Value of Drying Oils,Fatty Acids, and Pol
6、ymerized Fatty Acids (Withdrawn2004)3D2111 Test Methods for Specific Gravity and Density ofHalogenated Organic Solvents and Their AdmixturesD2196 Test Methods for Rheological Properties of Non-Newtonian Materials by Rotational (Brookfield type)ViscometerD2288 Test Method for Weight Loss of Plasticiz
7、ers onHeating (Withdrawn 2010)3E203 Test Method for Water Using Volumetric Karl FischerTitration3. Significance and Use3.1 Synthetic plasticizers are primarily esters and they areused with the more polar elastomers such as CR or NBR toimprove processing, adjust hardness, and improve low tem-perature
8、 properties. These esters may be either monomeric orpolymeric and are derived from many different organic acids.3.2 These test methods may be used in establishing andconfirming quality control standards for the synthetic plasticiz-ers used in rubber compounding. It is not implied that the testmethod
9、s in this guide are the only ones of significance, butthese test methods list the properties most commonly specifiedfor ester plasticizers. Other parameters may be needed forspecific application of these materials.4. Sampling4.1 The method of sampling for either tank cars or drums isdescribed in Tes
10、t Methods D1045.5. Volatility5.1 Volatility is normally measured as mass loss after 2 and24 h when tested at 155C. The procedure is described in TestMethod D2288.6. Moisture6.1 The moisture content should be determined using theKarl Fischer reagent procedure as described in Test MethodE203.7. Acid N
11、umber7.1 The acid number, expressed as milligrams of KOH pergram of plasticizer, may be determined from Test MethodsD1045.8. Saponification Number8.1 The saponification value is expressed in milligrams pergram of plasticizer and may be determined by Test MethodD1962.1This guide is under the jurisdic
12、tion of ASTM Committee D11 on Rubber andis the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D11.20 on Compounding Materials andProcedures.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2013. Published January 2014. Originallyapproved in 1991. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as D1992 91 (2012).DOI: 10.1520/D1992-9
13、1R13.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard i
14、s referenced onwww.astm.org.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States19. Color9.1 For clear light colored plasticizers, the APHA platinum-cobalt color standards may be used as described in Test MethodD1209, but for darker or mor
15、e oily plasticizers, the Gardnercolor standards are necessary. The Gardner procedure isdescribed in Test Method D1544.10. Specific Gravity10.1 The apparent specific gravity of plasticizers should bereported at 25/25C unless different conditions are mutuallyagreed upon. For low viscosity plasticizers
16、 the specific gravitymay be determined using a Westphal balance as described inTest Methods D2111 or the hydrometer procedure that isdescribed in Test Methods D891. Plasticizers with mediumviscosity should be tested by the pycnometer procedure asdescribed in Test Methods D891 and highly viscous plas
17、ticiz-ers should be tested by the procedure in Test Method D70.11. Viscosity11.1 The viscosity of plasticizers is normally measured at25C by a Brookfield viscometer. The procedure for the test isgiven in Test Methods D2196.12. Refractive Index12.1 The test for refractive index is completely describe
18、d inTest Method D1218 but can also be run by the proceduredescribed in Test Methods D1045 except that the test tempera-ture should be at 25C.13. Assay13.1 A titrimetric analysis method may be used which isgiven in Test Methods D1045 but a more desirable method byeither gas chromatography analysis or
19、 infrared analysis will bedeveloped.14. Flammability14.1 The flash point of synthetic plasticizers should be runby the Cleveland Open Cup, Test Method D92.15. Keywords15.1 ester plasticizer classification; plasticizer classification;synthetic plasticizer classificationASTM International takes no pos
20、ition respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibil
21、ity.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to AS
22、TM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address
23、 shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).D1992 91 (2013)2
