1、Designation: D1992 91 (Reapproved 2013)D1992 17Standard Guide forTesting Synthetic Plasticizers Used in Rubber1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1992; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of l
2、ast revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This guide covers test methods for synthetic plasticizers that are used in rubber applications.1.2 This standard does n
3、ot purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.1.3 This international standard was devel
4、oped in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardizationestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documen
5、ts2.1 ASTM Standards:2D70 Test Method for Density of Semi-Solid Bituminous Materials (Pycnometer Method)D92 Test Method for Flash and Fire Points by Cleveland Open Cup TesterD891 Test Methods for Specific Gravity, Apparent, of Liquid Industrial ChemicalsD1045 Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Pl
6、asticizers Used in PlasticsD1209 Test Method for Color of Clear Liquids (Platinum-Cobalt Scale)D1218 Test Method for Refractive Index and Refractive Dispersion of Hydrocarbon LiquidsD1544 Test Method for Color of Transparent Liquids (Gardner Color Scale)D1962 Test Method for Saponification Value of
7、Drying Oils, Fatty Acids, and Polymerized Fatty Acids (Withdrawn 2004)3D2111 Test Methods for Specific Gravity and Density of Halogenated Organic Solvents and Their AdmixturesD2196 Test Methods for Rheological Properties of Non-Newtonian Materials by Rotational ViscometerD2288 Test Method for Weight
8、 Loss of Plasticizers on Heating (Withdrawn 2010)3E203 Test Method for Water Using Volumetric Karl Fischer TitrationE1953 Practice for Description of Thermal Analysis and Rheology Apparatus3. Significance and Use3.1 Synthetic plasticizers are primarily esters and they are used with the more polar el
9、astomers such as CR or NBR to improveprocessing, adjust hardness, and improve low temperature properties. These esters may be either monomeric or polymeric and arederived from many different organic acids.3.2 These test methods may be used in establishing and confirming quality control standards for
10、 the synthetic plasticizers usedin rubber compounding. It is not implied that the test methods in this guide are the only ones of significance, but these test methodslist the properties most commonly specified for ester plasticizers. Other parameters may be needed for specific application of thesema
11、terials.4. Sampling4.1 The method of sampling for either tank cars or drums is described in Test Methods D1045.1 This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D11 on Rubber and Rubber-like Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D11.20 onCompounding Materials and Procedur
12、es.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2013June 1, 2017. Published January 2014June 2017. Originally approved in 1991. Last previous edition approved in 20122013 asD1992 91 (2012).(2013). DOI: 10.1520/D1992-91R13.10.1520/D1992-17.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or c
13、ontactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.This document is not an ASTM standard and is int
14、ended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the curr
15、ent versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States15. Volatility5.1 Volatility is normally measured as mass loss after 2 and 24 h when tested at 15
16、5C. The procedure is described in TestMethod D2288.6. Moisture6.1 The moisture content should be determined using the Karl Fischer reagent procedure as described in Test Method E203.7. Acid Number7.1 The acid number, expressed as milligrams of KOH per gram of plasticizer, may be determined from Test
17、 Methods D1045.8. Saponification Number8.1 The saponification value is expressed in milligrams per gram of plasticizer and may be determined by Test Method D1962.9. Color9.1 For clear light colored plasticizers, the APHA platinum-cobalt color standards may be used as described in Test MethodD1209, b
18、ut for darker or more oily plasticizers, the Gardner color standards are necessary. The Gardner procedure is described inTest Method D1544.10. Specific Gravity10.1 The apparent specific gravity of plasticizers should be reported at 25/25C unless different conditions are mutually agreedupon. For low
19、viscosity plasticizers the specific gravity may be determined using a Westphal balance as described in Test MethodsD2111 or the hydrometer procedure that is described in Test Methods D891. Plasticizers with medium viscosity should be testedby the pycnometer procedure as described in Test Methods D89
20、1 and highly viscous plasticizers should be tested by the procedurein Test Method D70.11. Viscosity11.1 The viscosity of plasticizers is normally measured at 25C by a Brookfield viscometer. rotational viscometer (PracticeE1953). The procedure for the test is given in Test Methods D2196.12. Refractiv
21、e Index12.1 The test for refractive index is completely described in Test Method D1218 but can also be run by the procedure describedin Test Methods D1045 except that the test temperature should be at 25C.13. Assay13.1 A titrimetric analysis method may be used which is given in Test Methods D1045 bu
22、t a more desirable method by eithergas chromatography analysis or infrared analysis will be developed.14. Flammability14.1 The flash point of synthetic plasticizers should be run by the Cleveland Open Cup, Test Method D92.15. Keywords15.1 ester plasticizer classification; plasticizer classification;
23、 synthetic plasticizer classificationASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the ri
24、skof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn.Your comments are invited either for revision of thi
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27、contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ 172
