1、Designation: D2050 11Standard Terminology Relating toFasteners and Closures Used with Textiles1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2050; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A
2、number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This terminology document covers terminology pertain-ing to items that are considered fasteners and closures such asbuttons, hook and l
3、oop touch fasteners, snap fasteners and slidefasteners used in the manufacture of textile products, except forseams and stitches.1.2 Section 3, Terminology, is categorized into four subsec-tions, specific to the four areas of specialization under thisdocument:1.2.1 Relating to Buttons1.2.2 Relating
4、Hook and Loop Touch Fasteners1.2.3 Relating to Snap Fasteners1.2.4 Relating to Slide Fasteners1.3 Terminology relating specifically to buttons covers spe-cial terms or special meanings used in the button industry.These apply only to sew-through flange and shank buttons.1.3.1 The principal types of b
5、uttons defined in this termi-nology document are illustrated in Figs. 1-8.1.3.2 These figures are descriptive only and are not intendedto be restrictive as to design.1.4 Terminology relating specifically to snap fasteners in-cludes illustration of prong-ring attached fastener parts in Fig.9.1.4.1 Th
6、ese figures are descriptive only and are not intendedto be restrictive as to design.1.5 Terminology relating specifically to the principle partsof slide fasteners defined in this terminology are illustrated inFigs. 10-19.1.5.1 These figures are descriptive only and are not intendedto be restrictive
7、as to design.1.6 Terminology relating specifically to the textile joiningstructures (seams and stitches) are discussed in detail inTerminology D5646.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this s
8、tandard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD2061 Test Methods for Strength Tests for ZippersD4846 Test Method for Resistance to U
9、nsnapping of SnapFastenersD5169 Test Method for Shear Strength (Dynamic Method)of Hook and Loop Touch FastenersD5171 Test Method for Impact Resistance of Plastic Sew-Through ButtonsD5646 Terminology Relating to Seams and Stitches Used inHome SewingD7142 Test Method for Holding Strength of Prong-Ring
10、Attached Snap Fasteners3. TerminologyRELATING TO BUTTONSassembled button, na decorative button consisting of com-binations of similar or dissimilar materials, such as plasticand metal or metal and metal, which have been joinedtogether by such processes as gluing, swedging or metalstamping.bridge, nt
11、he area of a button between the holes partiallycovered by the sewing threads with dimensions varyingupon design and end use.button, na knot, disc, or similar object which when forcedthrough a narrow opening or buttonhole, fastens one part ofa garment or other flexible substrate to another. D5171DISC
12、USSIONAlthough the primary purpose of buttons is to serve asfasteners, buttons can also be used as decoration. D5171centrifugal cast button, nsee rotation cast pression molding, nthe method of molding a materialalready in a confined cavity by applying pressure and usuallyheat.1This terminology is un
13、der the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D13 on Textilesand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.54 on Subassemblies. Thesedefinitions were developed in cooperation with the American Fastener and ClosureAssn. Inc.Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2011. Published February 2011. Originallyappr
14、oved in 1961. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as D2050 09. DOI:10.1520/D2050-11.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summar
15、y page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United Spression molded button, na button or button blankwhich is produced by compression molding thermoset-molding compounds such as urea-formaldehyde, melamine-formaldehyd
16、e, styrene-modified polyester, or any combina-tion thereof. This method using styrene modified polyesterresin, and having in its formulation pearlescent pigmentswhich are oriented in the molding process, form a button orbutton blank which resembles natural shell.drycleanable button, na button that c
17、an be solvent-cleanedwithout damage such as dissolving or loss of finish.electroplated button, nplastic buttons which have beenmade conductive by chemical treatment followed by theelectroplating of metallic coatings.DISCUSSIONIn buttons, plastics such as polyester, acetate, ABS,melamine, and urea fo
18、rmaldehyde are the materials usually electro-plated.fabricate, vin buttons, the conversion of a blank into acompleted button.DISCUSSIONFabricating may require the turning of the face or backof the button with shaping tools, the drilling of sewing holes, and ifrequired the grinding, slotting and any
19、other decorative tooling or shankinsertion which may be required.face, nin buttons, that portion which will be exposed afterattachment to the substrate.finish, nin buttons, the surface condition or texture.hole spacing, non a button, the distance from the center ofone hole to another.impact resistan
20、ce, nresistance to fracture under the suddenapplication of an external force. D5171injection molded button, na method of forming whichrequires the filling of a cavity under pressure with polymerthat will take the form of the mold when cooled.injection molding, nthe process of forming a material byfo
21、rcing it, in a fluid state under pressure, through a runnersystem (sprue, runner, gate(s) into the cavity of a closedmold.laundering, na process used to refurbish a textile product orparts thereof by (1) cleaning it in water containing a cleaningagent, and possibly bleach, (2) drying it, and (3) usu
22、allyironing or pressing it.launderability, nthe ability of a button to undergo multiplecycles of laundering without damage such as cracks or lossof finish.FIG. 1 Sew-Through Flange ButtonFIG. 2 Sew-Through ShankFIG. 3 Pin ShankFIG. 4 ”U” ShankFIG. 5 Stab or Screw Shank Staple ButtonsFIG. 6 Bell Shan
23、k Staple ButtonsFIG. 7 Toggle Staple Attached ButtonsFIG. 8 Ring Staple Attached ButtonsD2050 112ligne, na unit of measure for button; one ligne equals 0.635mm (0.025 in.).luster, nin buttons, the degree of brilliance exhibited inpearlized or pearl buttons.metal cast button, na button produced by th
24、e casting ofmolten metals and metal alloys into single-cavity ormultiple-cavity molds.DISCUSSIONCast metal buttons can be electroplated and treated toproduce other finishes.orientation, nin buttons, the degree of order and spatialalignment of pearlescent pigment crystals internally or in acoating.pe
25、arlized, nin buttons, the addition of synthetic or naturalpearlescent pigments to the button resin formulation or to theformulation used for coating.DISCUSSIONButtons exhibiting a pearl-like luster are made in eitherof two ways: (1) by incorporating pearlescent pigments into the resinformulation pri
26、or to casting or molding the button, or (2) by applyingto the button an external coating containing pearlescent pigments eitherby spraying or dipping.ring, nin buttons, a split ring used to fasten a staple attachedbutton to the substrate.rod cast button, na button fabricated from a disk sliced orsaw
27、ed from a cast rod of formulated styrene-modifiedpolyester resin.DISCUSSIONFormulated styrene-modified polyester resin is cast intoaluminum or glass tubes which are sealed at one end. The flaccid orrigid rod formed after gelation is removed from the tube and sliced orFIG. 9 Prong-ring Attached Faste
28、ner PartsFIG. 10 Bottom StopFIG. 11 Bridge StopFIG. 12 Top StopD2050 113FIG. 13 Principle Parts of Slide FastenersContinuousElement Slide FastenerFIG. 14 Element (one side of element on sewn type CEfastener)FIG. 15 Principal Parts of Slide FastenersIndividual ElementSlide FastenersD2050 114sawed int
29、o button blanks. The blanks are then fully polymerized (cured) in hot brine solution and fabricated into buttons. This method isFIG. 16 Movable RetainerFIG. 17 Releasing StopsFIG. 18 Separating PartsFIG. 19 SlidersD2050 115used for buttons which are mottled, and multicolored.rotation cast button, na
30、 button fabricated from a diskblanked from a partially polymerized sheet formed in arotating cylinder (also known as centrifugal casting andwheel casting).DISCUSSIONA resin mix prepared with catalyzed, promoted, andpigmented styrene-modified polyester resin is poured into a rotatingcylinder to form
31、a sheet of uniform layer. When gelled (polymerized)the flexible sheet is sliced in the cylinder for removal from the cylinder.The flaccid sheet is dye cut, with a multi-cutter tool, into button blanks.The blanks are then cured, usually in hot brine solutions, and fabricatedinto buttons. This method
32、is best for buttons produced with orientedpearlescent pigments, opaque white pigments, and multilayer combi-nation of colors and mottles.sewing hole, na hole in either the flange or shank of a buttonused to attach the button to the substrate by means of aneedle and thread.sew-through flange button,
33、na button attached to one partof a flexible substrate by means of needle and thread passedthrough two or more holes in its flange and through thesubstrate. (Compare sew-through flange button.) (See Fig.1.) D5171sew-through shank button, na button attached to one partof a flexible substrate by means
34、of needle and thread passedthrough a hole or loop in the integral shank and through thesubstrate. (Compare sew-through flange button.) (See Fig.2.) D5171shank, nin buttons, that part positioned perpendicular to andat the center back of the flange, and having a hole or loop foruse in attaching the bu
35、tton to one part of a flexible substrateby means of a needle or thread, a ring, or a toggle. (See Figs.3-6.)shank eye, nin buttons, the hole or loop in the shank of asew-through shank button or the hole in the loop of the stapleof a staple button.sheet cast button, na button fabricated from a disk b
36、lankedfrom a cast sheet of formulated styrene-modified polyesterresin.DISCUSSIONThe formulated polyester resin mix (see rotation castbuttons) is poured into gasketed open molds or between gasketedsheets of glass. After gelation the sheet is stripped from the mold anddie cut into multiple button blan
37、ks. The blanks are then cured (fullypolymerized) and fabricated into buttons. This method is best forbuttons produced with oriented pearlescent pigments or opaque whitepigments.staple, nin buttons, a looped metal shank securely positionedperpendicular to and at center back of the button flange forus
38、e in attaching the button to one part of a flexible substrateby means of a needle and thread, a ring, or a toggle.toggle, nin buttons, a clip used to fasten a staple button to theflexible substrate.ring or toggle attached staple button, na button attached toone part of a flexible substrate by means
39、of a ring or togglerather than a needle or thread. The staple passes through aneyelet in the flexible substrate and is secured by the ring ortoggle that passes through the staple eye. (See Fig. 7 and Fig.8.two-front button, na button in which the face and backshape are identical.DISCUSSIONIdentical
40、faces allow for easier feeding of buttons inautomatic sewing machines without the use of a well for side-selection.vacuum plated button, na button that is flash metal coatedin vacuum chambers and subsequently colored to simulateother metal finishes.DISCUSSIONThis is the least durable of metallized f
41、inishes.well, nin buttons, a recess in center of sew-through flangebutton that give aesthetics and identifies the face side.wheel cast button, nsee rotation cast button.RELATING TO HOOK AND LOOP FASTENERShook and loop fasteners, na touch fastener, comprised oftwo flexible mating strips, the surface
42、of one mating stripbeing covered with tiny, stiff protrusions shaped liked hookswhich engage the other mating strip which is covered withpliable loops. D5169DISCUSSIONThis fastener comprises a non-adhesive method ofjoining two materials where ready adjustment and removal is desirableand fastening is
43、 accomplished by pressing the mating strips togetherand separation is accomplished by simply peeling apart. Terms hereinreferring to hook and loop fastening systems shall be construed toinclude other types of touch fasteners in which the fastening strength inthe shear mode (that is, against forces a
44、pplied in the plane of thefastener) substantially exceeds the fastening strength in the peel mode(that is, against forces applied perpendicular to the planes of the twocomponents of the fastener). D5169shear strength, nthe resistance to forces that cause, or tendto cause, two contiguous parts of a b
45、ody to slide relatively toeach other in a direction parallel to their plane of contact.D5169RELATING TO SNAP FASTENERSforce, na physical influence exerted by one body on anotherwhich produces acceleration of bodies that are free to moveand deformation of bodies that are not free to move.D7142holding
46、 strength, nin snap fasteners, the force required toseparate the prong-ring from its attached mating part (socketor stud).DISCUSSIONIn this test method, a diametric force is applied whichsimulates the diametric biting or pinching of a child; however, inpractice, the disengaging force used to unsnap
47、a snap fastener is usuallyapplied at the edge of the fastener. D7142lateral holding strength, nthe force required to disengage asnap fastener resulting from a pull in the plane parallel to thematerial to which the snap fastener is attached. D4846prong-ring type fastener, ngeneric name for snap faste
48、nerswhich use a multi-pronged ring to penetrate through fabric tomechanically set a matching socket on one side of a closureand to set a matching stud on the facing closure allowing theouter and inner closure facings to be snapped together. (SeeFig. 9.) D7142D2050 116snap action, nthe force required
49、 to disengage a snap fastenerresulting from a pull exerted perpendicular to the plane ofmaterial to which the snap fastener is attached. D4846snap fastener, na device for attaching one material toanother consisting of matching male and female parts, eachof which is attached to a separate material so that the partscan be joined by a low compressive force and separated bya low perpendicular tensile force. D4846socket, nin snap fasteners, the female functional part of thefastener which engages with
