1、Designation: D2060 14Standard Test Methods forMeasuring Zipper Dimensions1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2060; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses
2、 indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 These test methods cover the measurement of thedimensions of all types
3、 and sizes of zippers.1.2 The test methods appear as follows:SectionsChain Flatness 3439Chain Straightness 4044Chain Thickness 2833Chain Width 4550Length of Zipper or Parts 914Longitudinal Dimensional Change 5158Slider Mouth Width 2127Tape Width 15201.3 The values stated in either SI units or in oth
4、er units shallbe regarded separately as standard. The values stated in eachsystem may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each systemmust be used independently of the other, without combiningvalues in any way.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associate
5、d with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD1776 Practice for Condit
6、ioning and Testing TextilesD2050 Terminology Relating to Fasteners and ClosuresUsed with TextilesD2051 Test Method for Durability of Finish of Zippers toLaunderingD2052 Test Method for Colorfastness of Zippers to Dry-cleaningD2053 Test Method for Colorfastness of Zippers to LightD2054 Test Method fo
7、r Colorfastness of Zipper Tapes toCrockingD2057 Test Method for Colorfastness of Zippers to Laun-deringD2058 Test Method for Durability of Finish of Zippers toDrycleaningD2059 Test Method for Resistance of Zippers to Salt Spray(Fog)D2061 Test Methods for Strength Tests for ZippersD2062 Test Methods
8、for Operability of ZippersD2724 Test Methods for Bonded, Fused, and LaminatedApparel FabricsD2905 Practice for Statements on Number of Specimens forTextiles (Withdrawn 2008)3D3657 Specification for Zipper DimensionsE145 Specification for Gravity-Convection and Forced-Ventilation Ovens2.2 AATCC Metho
9、d:AATCC 143 Appearance of Apparel and Other Textile EndProducts After Repeated Home Launderings42.3 ANSI Standard:ANSI/ASQC Z1.4 Sampling Procedures for Inspection byAttributes53. Terminology3.1 For definitions of terms relating to Subassemblies,D13.54, refer to Terminology D2050.3.1.1 The following
10、 terms are relevant to this standard:dimension, zipper.3.2 For all other terminology related to textiles, refer toTerminology D123.3.2.1 Optional key terms, not under the jurisdiction of thisSC that must be used to understand this standard. If theoptional term is necessary, a very exact and detailed
11、 discussionmust also be included to indicate why this is so.1These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 onTextiles and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.54 onSubassemblies., Inc.Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2014. Published March 2014. Originallyapproved i
12、n 1961. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D2060 00(10). DOI:10.1520/D2060-14.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary
13、page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.4Technical Manual of the American Association of Textile Chemists andColorists, P. O. Box 12215, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709.5Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4
14、Section D, 700Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States14. Significance and Use4.1 The significance of specific tests is discussed in theappropriate sections.4.2 These test
15、methods are considered satisfactory for ac-ceptance testing of commercial shipments because the testmethods have been used extensively in the trade for thispurpose, and because current estimates of between-laboratoryprecision are acceptable in most cases.4.2.1 In case of a dispute arising from diffe
16、rences inreported test results when using Test Methods D2060 foracceptance testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser andthe supplier should conduct comparative tests to determine ifthere is a statistical bias between their laboratories. Competentstatistical assistance is recommended for the inv
17、estigation ofbias.As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of testspecimens that are as homogeneous as possible and that arefrom a lot of material of the type in question. The testspecimens should then be randomly assigned in equal numbersto each laboratory for testing. The average results
18、from the twolaboratories should be compared using Students t-test forunpaired data and an acceptable probability level chosen by thetwo parties before the testing is begun. If a bias if found, eitherits cause must be found and corrected or the purchaser and thesupplier must agree to interpret future
19、 test results in the light ofthe known bias.4.3 The test method(s) in these test methods, along withthose in Test Methods D2051, D2052, D2053, D2054, D2057,D2058, D2059, D2061, and D2062, are a collection of proventest methods. They can be used as aids in the evaluation ofzippers without the need fo
20、r a thorough knowledge of zippers.The enumerated test methods do not provide for the evaluationof all zipper properties. Besides those properties measured bymeans of the enumerated test methods there are other proper-ties that may be important for the satisfactory performance ofa zipper. Test method
21、s for measuring those properties have notbeen published either because no practical methods have yetbeen developed or because a valid evaluation of the informa-tion resulting from existing unpublished methods requires anintimate and thorough knowledge of zippers.5. Sampling5.1 Lot SampleAs a lot sam
22、ple for acceptance testing, takeat random the number of individual containers from eachshipping carton as directed in an applicable material specifi-cation or other agreement between the purchaser and thesupplier. Consider individual containers from each shippingcarton to be the primary sampling uni
23、ts.NOTE 1An adequate specification or other agreement between thepurchaser and supplier requires taking into account the variability betweenshipping cartons and between zippers in a container to provide a samplingplan with a meaningful producers risk, consumers risk, acceptablequality level, and lim
24、iting quality level.5.2 Laboratory Sample and Test SpecimensAs a labora-tory sample for acceptance testing, take the number of zippersspecified in Section 7 at random from each container in the lotsample. Consider the zippers as both the laboratory sample andthe test specimens.6. Test Specimen6.1 Th
25、e test specimen shall consist of a completely as-sembled zipper or length of chain.7. Number of Specimens7.1 All Properties Except Slider Mouth Width and ChainWidthTake a number of zippers per individual container fromeach shipping carton such that the user may expect at the 90 %probability level th
26、at the test result for an individual containeris no more than the amounts shown in Table 1, above or belowthe true average for the individual container. Determine thenumber of zippers per individual container as follows:7.1.1 Reliable Estimate of s or vWhen there is a reliableestimate of s or v base
27、d upon extensive past records for similarmaterials tested in the users laboratory as directed in these testTABLE 1 Specimens Required Under Conditions of Known and Unknown Variability in Users Laboratory Units as IndicatedPropertyAllowable Var-iation (Two-Sided)Equation for n Usinga Reliable Estimat
28、eof s or vNo Reliable Estimate of sor vNumber ofSpecimensBasisALength, assembled zipper, % of the average 10.0 n = 0.027 v21 0.70Length, chain, % of the average 10.0 n = 0.027 v21 0.39Length, top tape end, % of the average 10.0 n = 0.027 v21 4.56Length, bottom tape end, % of the average 10.0 n = 0.0
29、27 v23 9.09Length, opening, % of the average 10.0 n = 0.027 v21 0.87Effective tape width, % of the average 10.0 n = 0.027 v21 2.34Full tape width, % of the average 10.0 n = 0.027 v21 2.51Chain thickness, % of the average 10.0 n = 0.027 v21 0.64Chain straightness,132-in. increments 1.0 n =2.71s21 0.5
30、9Wet dimensional change, home laundry,percentage points0.200 n = 67.6 s217 0.49Wet dimensional change, launder-ometer,percentage points0.200 n = 67.6 s212 0.41Dimensional change in dry heat,percentage points0.200 n = 67.6 s210 0.38AThe values of s or v in Table 1 are somewhat larger than will usuall
31、y be found in practice (see 7.1.2).D2060 142methods, calculate n using the equations in Table 1 which arebased on (Eq 1)or(Eq 2) as noted in Test Method D2905,Section 5:n 5t23s2E2(1)n 5t23v2A2(2)where:n = number of specimens (rounded upward to a wholenumber),s = reliable estimate of the standard dev
32、iation of individualobservations in the users laboratory under conditions ofsingle-operator precision,v = reliable estimate of the coefficient of variation of indi-vidual observations in the users laboratory under con-ditions of single-operator precision,t = 1.645, the value of Students t for infini
33、te degrees offreedom, for two-sided limits, and a 90 % probabilitylevel (t2= 2.706), E and A = values of the allowablevariations listed in Table 1, and t2/E2and t2/A2= thebasis for calculation of the constants in the equations inTable 1.7.1.2 No Reliable Estimate of s or v When there is noreliable e
34、stimate of s or v for the users laboratory, (Eq 1)or(Eq 2) should not be used directly. Instead, specify the numberof specimens shown in Table 1. This number of specimens iscalculated using values of s or v, which are listed in Table 1,and that are somewhat larger values of s or v than are usuallyfo
35、und in practice. When a reliable estimate of s or v fordimensional change or length of bottom end in the userslaboratory becomes available, the equations in Table 1, whichare based on (Eq 1) and (Eq 2), will usually specify fewerspecimens than are listed in Table 1 for the condition whenthere is no
36、reliable estimate of s or v.7.2 Slider Mouth Width and Chain WidthUnless otherwiseagreed upon, as when specified in an applicable materialspecification, take one specimen per lot.8. Conditioning8.1 For tests made as directed in Sections 12, 18, 37, 41, and55, bring the specimens to moisture equilibr
37、ium for testing inthe standard atmosphere for testing textiles as directed inPractice D1776. Preconditioning is not required.8.2 For tests made as directed in Sections 25 and 31,specimens need not be preconditioned nor conditioned.LENGTH OF ZIPPER OR PARTS9. Summary of Test Method9.1 The chain or zi
38、pper is placed on a flat surface and, withthe aid of a suitable scale, the length of the zipper or desiredzipper part is determined.10. Significance and Use10.1 These measurements are useful in determining confor-mance with a purchasing specification and suitability for enduse products using zippers
39、.11. Apparatus11.1 Scale, graduated in 0.5 mm or164 in.12. Procedure12.1 Length of Completely Assembled ZipperPlace theclosed zipper flat on a horizontal working surface withouttension, aligning the chain over a straight reference line on theworking surface. Make marks on the working surface corre-s
40、ponding to the zipper extremities. Remove the zipper and,using the scale, measure the distance between the marks to thenearest 1.0 mm or132 in.NOTE 2For the bottom end, the zipper extremities are the bottom ofthe bottom stop or interlocking element for a nonseparable zipper. Thebottom end of a separ
41、able zipper is the lowermost tape or reinforcing tapebut not the overhang of the fixed retainer. For the top end, the zipperextremities are the top of the top stop, or top of the last element, whicheveris the extreme for both nonseparable and separable zippers.12.2 Length of ChainPlace the closed ch
42、ain, withouttension, flat on a horizontal working surface, aligning the chainover a straight reference line on the working surface. Place thescale on one stringer flush alongside the outer edge of theinterlockable elements or the outer edge of the bead if the beadextends beyond the elements. Measure
43、 the distance betweenthe extreme ends of the chain to the nearest 1 mm or132 in.12.3 Length of Tape EndPlace the closed zipper, withouttension, flat on a horizontal working surface, aligning the chainover a straight reference line on the working surface. Place theend of the scale against the outermo
44、st surface of the outermoststationary component. Measure to the nearest 1.0 mm or132 in.the tape end length along the cord to the outermost point of thepinked or straight-cut edge. In a case where the lengths of thetape ends on the two stringers are different, measure the lengthof the shorter tape e
45、nd. This test method is not applicable totape ends that are cut or pinked on a diagonal in excess of 5in either direction.12.4 Effective Length of Opening, Completely AssembledZipperPlace the closed zipper, without tension, flat on ahorizontal working surface, aligning the chain over a straightrefer
46、ence line on the working surface. With a sharp-pointedpencil, make a reference mark even with the top of the slider.Move the slider to the extreme open position and make anotherreference mark even with the top of the slider. Measure thedistance between the marks to the nearest 1.0 mm or132 in.This t
47、est method is not applicable to separable zippers.13. Report13.1 State that the specimens were tested as directed inSections 914of Test Methods D2060. Describe the materialor product sampled and the method of sampling used.13.2 Report the following information:13.2.1 The specific property (or proper
48、ties) measured,13.2.2 Number and description, of specimens tested, and13.2.3 Measured length of each specimen.14. Precision and Bias14.1 PrecisionSee Section 59.14.1.1 Precision of the test method is related to the care withwhich the operator reads the 1.0-mm (132-in.) increments onD2060 143the scal
49、e. The test method, though employing measurement ofa variable, is really descriptive rather than quantitative.The testmethod has been found satisfactory in commercial use fordetermining conformity to an established specification.14.2 BiasThe procedure in Test Methods D2060 formeasuring the length of zipper parts has no known bias.TAPE WIDTH15. Summary of Test Method15.1 The chain or zipper is placed on a flat horizontalsurface and, with the aid of a scale, the tape width is measured.16. Significance and Use16.1 These
