1、Designation: D2061 07 (Reapproved 2013)Standard Test Methods forStrength Tests for Zippers1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2061; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A numb
2、er in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 These test methods cover the determination of thestrengths for zipper and zipper parts. All methods are notsuitable for use with all kinds
3、of zipper. The restrictions, if any,are indicated in the scope for each individual test method. Thetest methods appear as follows:SectionsHolding Strengths of Separable Units 2532Holding Strength of Slider Lock 92 100Holding Strength of Stops 1724Resistance to Angular Pull-Off of Slider Pull 8291Res
4、istance to Cushioned Compression of Sliders 3342Resistance to Pull-Off of Slider Pull 7281Resistance to Twist of Pull and Slider 5261Slider Deflection and Recovery 4351Strength of Chains and Elements 916Torsional Resistance of Slider Pull for Removal ofComponents62711.2 The values stated in SI units
5、 are to be regarded as thestandard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limit
6、ations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D76 Specification for Tensile Testing Machines for TextilesD123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing TextilesD2050 Terminology Relating to Fasteners and ClosuresUsed with TextilesD2051 Test Method f
7、or Durability of Finish of Zippers toLaunderingD2052 Test Method for Colorfastness of Zippers to Dry-cleaningD2053 Test Method for Colorfastness of Zippers to LightD2054 Test Method for Colorfastness of Zipper Tapes toCrockingD2057 Test Method for Colorfastness of Zippers to Laun-deringD2058 Test Me
8、thod for Durability of Finish of Zippers toDrycleaningD2059 Test Method for Resistance of Zippers to Salt Spray(Fog)D2060 Test Methods for Measuring Zipper DimensionsD2062 Test Methods for Operability of Zippers2.2 U. S. Government Standard:MIL-105D Sampling Procedures and Tables for Inspectionby At
9、tributes33. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 For definitions of zipper terms used in this standard,refer to Terminology D2050. For definitions of other textileterminology used in this standard, refer to Terminology D123.4. Significance and Use4.1 The usefulness of a zipper in service can be evaluate
10、d bythese tests. No one test determines the suitability of a zipper fora specific end use. Since the tests are inter-related more thanone may be needed for a complete evaluation.4.2 These methods are considered satisfactory for accep-tance testing of commercial shipments because the methodshave been
11、 used extensively in the trade for this purpose, andbecause estimates of current between-laboratory precision areacceptable in most cases.4.2.1 If there are differences of practical significance be-tween reported test results for two laboratories (or more),comparative test should be performed to det
12、ermine if there is astatistical bias between them, using competent statistical assis-tance. As a minimum, the test samples should be used that areas homogeneous as possible, that are drawn from the materialfrom which the disparate test results were obtained, and that1These test methods are under the
13、 jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 onTextiles are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.54 on Subassemblies andwere developed in cooperation with the American Fastener and Closure Assn.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2013. Published October 2013. Originallyapproved in 1961. Last previous e
14、dition approved in 2007 as D2061 07. DOI:10.1520/D2061-07R13.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM web site, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM web sit
15、e.3Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4 Section D, 700Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1are randomly assigned in equal numbers to each labora
16、tory fortesting. Other materials with established test values may beused for this purpose. The test results from the two laboratoriesshould be compared using a statistical test for unpaired data, ata probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If a bias isfound, either its cause must be fo
17、und and corrected, or futuretest results must be adjusted in consideration of the knownbias.4.3 The method(s) in the standard along with those in TestMethods D2051, D2052, D2053, D2054, D2057, D2058,D2059, D2060, and D2062 are a collection of proven testmethods. They can be used as aids in the evalu
18、ation of zipperswithout the need for a thorough knowledge of zippers. Theenumerated test methods do not provide for the evaluation ofall zipper properties. Besides those properties measured bymeans of the enumerated test methods there are other proper-ties that may be important for the satisfactory
19、performance ofa zipper. Test methods for measuring those properties have notbeen published either because no practical methods have yetbeen developed or because a valid evaluation of the informa-tion resulting from existing unpublished methods requires anintimate and thorough knowledge of zippers.5.
20、 Sampling5.1 Lot SampleAs a lot sample for acceptance testing, takeat random the number of individual containers from eachshipping carton as directed in an applicable material specifi-cation or other agreement between the purchaser and thesupplier. Consider individual containers from each shippingca
21、rton to be the primary sampling units.NOTE 1An adequate specification or other agreement between thepurchaser and supplier requires taking into account the variability betweenshipping cartons and between zippers in a container to provide a samplingplan with a meaningful producers risk, consumers ris
22、k, acceptablequality level, and limiting quality level.5.2 Laboratory Sample and Test SpecimensAs a labora-tory sample for acceptance testing, take the number of zippersspecified in Section 6 at random from each container in the lotsample. Consider the zippers as both the laboratory sample andthe te
23、st specimens.6. Number of Specimens6.1 VariablesTake a number of zippers per individualcontainer from each shipping carton such that the user mayexpect at the 90 % probability level that the test result for anindividual container is no more than 10 % of the average,above or below the true average fo
24、r the individual container.Determine the number of zippers per individual container asfollows:6.1.1 Reliable Estimate of vWhen there is a reliableestimate of v based upon extensive past records for similarmaterials tested in the users laboratory as directed in themethod, calculate n using Eq 1.n 5 t
25、23v2/A25 0.0270 v2(1)where:n = number of specimens (rounded upward to a wholenumber),v = reliable estimate of the coefficient of variation ofindividual observations in the users laboratoryunder conditions of single-operation precision,t = 1.645, the value of Students t for infinite degreesof freedom
26、, two-sided limits and a 90 % probabil-ity level (t2= 2.706),A = 10.0 % of the average, the value of the allowablevariation, and0.0270 = a value calculated from t2/A26.1.2 No Reliable Estimate of vWhen there is no reliableestimate of v for the users laboratory, Eq 1 should not be useddirectly. Inste
27、ad, specify the number of specimens shown inTABLE 1 Specimens Required Under Conditions of Known and Unknown Variability in Users Laboratory Units as IndicatedPropertyAllowable VariationTwo-SidedEquation for n, Using a ReliableEstimate of vNo Reliable Estimate of vNumber ofSpecimensBasisAStrength of
28、 chains and elements:Chain crosswise strength 10.0 n = 0.027 v22 v = 8.45Element pull-off 10.0 n = 0.027 v25 v = 12.56Element slippage, lengthwise 10.0 n = 0.027 v27 v = 14.97Holding strength of stops:Top stop, holding 10.0 n = 0.027 v217 v = 24.77Bottom stop holding, slider 10.0 n = 0.027 v222 v =
29、28.41Bottom stop holding, crosswise 10.0 n = 0.027 v28 v = 16.16Bottom stop holding, stringer separation 10.0 n = 0.027 v27 v = 15.60Bridge top stop, stringer separation 10.0 n = 0.027 v231 v = 33.75Holding strength of separable units:Separable pin 10.0 n = 0.027 v27 v = 15.46Fixed retainer 10.0 n =
30、 0.027 v28 v = 16.34Separating unitcrosswise 10.0 n = 0.027 v24 v = 10.70Slider deflection and recovery:mouth 10.0 n = 0.027 v2 Bv = 93.11pull 10.0 n = 0.027 v2 Bv = 48.20Resistance to twist of pull and slider: 10.0 n = 0.027 v2 Bv = 51.4AThe values of v in Table 1 are somewhat larger than will be u
31、sually found in practice (see 6.1.2).BNo standard number of specimens is given for these tests since they are quite variable and are not recommended for acceptance testing except where the laboratoriesof the purchaser and the seller have established their precision and bias, if any.D2061 07 (2013)2T
32、able 1. This number of specimens is calculated using valuesof v which are somewhat larger values of v than are usuallyfound in practice. When a reliable estimate of v for the userslaboratory becomes available, Eq 1 will usually specify fewerthan the number of specimens shown in Table 1.6.2 Attribute
33、sFor methods for which the test result merelystates whether there is conformance to the criteria for successspecified in the procedure, take the number of specimensdirected in MIL Standard 105D for the level of inspectionagreed upon by the purchaser and the seller. The methods towhich these instruct
34、ions apply are as follows:SectionsResistance to Cushioned Compression of Sliders 3038Resistance to Pull-Off of Slider Pull 5674Resistance to Angular Pull-Off of Slider Pull 7583Holding Strength of Slider Lock 84917. Test Specimen7.1 The test specimen may consist of a completely as-sembled zipper, le
35、ngth of chain, or a component, as specified inthe individual method. Unless otherwise specified the zippershall not be attached to an application when testing.8. Conditioning8.1 Bring the specimens to moisture equilibrium for testingin the standard atmosphere for testing textiles as directed inPract
36、ice D1776 unless otherwise specified (see 38.1, 48.1,57.1, and 87.1). Preconditioning is not required for zippersother than those made of nylon.STRENGTHS OF CHAINS AND ELEMENTS9. Scope9.1 These test methods cover the determination of thestrengths of zipper chains and elements in tensile tests.9.2 Th
37、e element pull-off and element slippage tests apply toseparate element zippers only.10. Summary of Test Method10.1 Crosswise StrengthThe ability of a zipper chain towithstand lateral stress is measured by loading to destruction a25.4-mm (1-in.) section of a specimen in a tensile testingmachine equip
38、ped with clamps having special jaws.10.2 Element Pull-OffThe gripping strength of a elementaround the bead is determined by pulling a single element fromthe bead at right angles to the stringer using a tensile testingmachine fitted with a specially designed fixture.10.3 Element SlippageThe ability o
39、f a element to resistlongitudinal movement along the bead of the tape is deter-mined with a tensile testing machine fitted with a speciallydesigned fixture.11. Significance and Use11.1 Crosswise StrengthThis test method may be used todetermine crosswise strength which measures the resistance ofa zip
40、per to such failures as tape rupture, unmeshing, or elementseparation when the zipper is side stressed during use.11.2 Element Pull-offThis test method may be used todetermine element strength which measures a elements abilityto resist being fractured or pulled from the bead of the tapewhen the zipp
41、er is side stressed during use.11.3 Element SlippageThis test method may be used todetermine element attachment security and measures a el-ements ability to remain on the tape bead in proper position toadjacent elements so that zipper operation can be maintained.12. Apparatus12.1 Tensile Testing Mac
42、hineA CRE type testing machineconforming to Specification D76 with a rate-of-traverse of 3056 10 mm (12 6 0.5 in.)/min. If preferred, the use of a CRTtensile testing machine is permitted. There may be no overallcorrelation between the results obtained with the CRE and CRTmachines. Consequently, the
43、two machines cannot be usedinterchangeably. In case of controversy, the CRE method shallprevail.12.2 JawsThe back jaws of the clamps on the tensiletesting machine shall be at least the same width as the frontjaws. The front jaws shall be 25.4 mm (1 in.) wide and havehardened faces with horizontal gr
44、ooves 1.6 mm (116 in.) apart,0.38 mm (0.015 in.) deep, and be of a V-shape with an includedangle of 90.12.3 Element Pull-off Fixture,4designed to grasp the head ofthe element by two members as shown in Fig. 1. The fixturemust be designed to fit the element under test so as to avoidelement distortion
45、.4Drawings of the apparatus used in this test method are available from mostzipper manufacturers upon request.FIG. 1 Fixture for Element Pull-Off TestD2061 07 (2013)312.4 Element Slippage Fixture,4consisting of a flat plateapproximately 6 mm (14 in.) wide and 2 mm (116 in.) thickwhich is twisted 90
46、midway of its length and bent at one endthrough a 90 angle to give the fixture an“ L” shape. The shortleg of the “L” shall be slotted so that the two prongs thusformed will clear the bead and slip under a element in order topull it along the bead as shown in Fig. 2.13. Test Specimen13.1 The test spe
47、cimen shall consist of a completely as-sembled zipper or a piece of chain at least 127 mm (5 in.) long.14. Procedure14.1 Chain Crosswise StrengthSecure the tapes of thezipper or chain in the clamps of the tensile testing machinewith the edges of the jaws parallel to the chain and approxi-mately 3 mm
48、 (18 in.) from the outer edge of the interlockableelements or the outer edge of the beads if the bead extendsbeyond the elements. The ends of the front jaws shall be at least25 mm (1 in.) from the slider, stops or end of the meshed chain.Apply an increasing load until the elements pull off the bead,
49、until the tape separates, or until failure of some other kindoccurs. Record the nature of the failure and the breaking loadto the nearest 2.2 N (0.5 lbf).14.2 Element Pull-OffSecure the element pull-off fixture(Fig. 1) in the top clamp of the testing machine. Then adjust thefixture to grasp a single element on a stringer. Secure thestringer in the bottom clamp of the testing machine asdescribed in 14.1. Apply an increasing load until the element ispulled off or other failure occurs. Record the nature of thef
