1、Designation: D 2067 97 (Reapproved 2003)Standard Test Method forCoarse Particles in Printing Ink Dispersions1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2067; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of la
2、st revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of the weightconcentration of coarse particles in printing ink dispersions by
3、sieve retention.1.2 This test method is applicable to printing inks, flushedpigments, and other pigment dispersions that contain particleslarger than 45 m. With proper choice of solvent, it isapplicable both to paste and liquid inks.NOTE 1This test method is similar in principle to Test MethodsD 185
4、. For particles under 25 m, see Test Method D 1316.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.4 This standard does not purport to address the safetyconcerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityo
5、f the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety andhealth practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:D 185 Test Methods for Coarse Particles in Pigments,Pastes and Paints2D 235 Specification for Mineral Spirit
6、s (Petroleum Spirits)(Hydrocarbon Dry Cleaning Solvent)3D 1316 Test Method for Fineness of Grind of Printing Inksby the NPIRI Grindometer4E 11 Specification for Wire Cloth and Sieves for TestingPurposes5E 145 Test Method for Gravity-Convection and Forced-Ventilation Ovens5E 691 Practice for Conducti
7、ng an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test Method53. Summary of Test Method3.1 A 50-g specimen of the test dispersion is diluted, ifnecessary, with a reducing varnish, mixed with 200 g ofmineral spirits or other mutually agreeable solvent, mixed in apaint shaker for 30 min, and
8、passed through a tared 325-meshwire cloth sieve. The sieve is dried in an oven and reweighed.The residue is reported either as a percentage or in parts permillion of the specimen.3.2 The nature of the coarse particles may be identifiedthrough the use of a magnet and visual or microscopicexamination.
9、4. Significance and Use4.1 Coarse particles in printing inks reduce the efficiency ofthe dispersion process, requiring not only extra milling passes,but also frequent changes in pump filters. In printing processes,they may cause excessive wear to metal plates, piling orlocalized retention of ink on
10、blankets and plates, and waterbalance problems. Coarse particles also reduce color strengthand the gloss of printed matter.4.2 This test method is suitable for quality control. Theprecision may be improved by the use of a specimen size largerthan that prescribed.4.3 Test results are sensitive to the
11、 type of washout solventused. Strong solvents are to be avoided because they maydissolve large particles of resin in the ink vehicle.5. Apparatus5.1 Wire-Cloth Sieve, preferably disposable, 325 mesh (45m), 60.3 mm in diameter; alternatively, a 75-mm No. 325sieve conforming to Specification E 11.NOTE
12、 2A disposable sieve is preferred for precision because it weighsonly 0.5 g compared to about 70 g for a conventional sieve.5.2 Washout Cup Assembly (for use with the disposablesieve), assembled according to the manufacturers instructions.5.3 Balance, sensitive to 1.0 mg, preferably 0.1 mg.5.4 Paint
13、 Shaker.5.5 Oven, gravity-convection type conforming to Type 1Bin Test Method E 145 and maintained at 110 6 5C.5.6 Mixing Container, such as a widemouth bottle or jar,with screw cap, capacity 473 mL (1 pt), preferably plastic. If aglass jar is used, a metal container such as a 1-lb coffee can1This t
14、est method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint,Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D01.56 on Printing Inks.Current edition approved May 10, 2003. Published June 2003. Originallyapproved in 1992. Last previous edition appr
15、oved in 1997 as D 2067 97.2Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.03.3Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.04.4Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.02.5Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, Unite
16、d States.with lid and foam packing are recommended for protecting thejar while on the shaker.5.7 Spatula, suitable for mixing 100 g of material.6. Reagents and Materials6.1 Washout Solvent, as mutually agreed upon between theproducer and the user. Type I mineral spirits conforming toSpecification D
17、235 has been found useful for oleoresinoussystems. The solvent should be filtered through a 325-meshscreen prior to use.6.2 Reducing Varnish, for high-viscosity or stiff dispersions.The varnish must be compatible with the test dispersion and ofa consistency such that a 50:50 mix will have sufficient
18、 flow todisperse in the washout solvent. An 8001200 poise-reducingvarnish has been found useful for flushed pigments. Thereducing varnish should be washed or filtered, or both prior touse; otherwise, a blank must be run (see 8.11).6.3 Plastic Sheeting, about 150 mm square and 0.001 mmthick.7. Test S
19、pecimen7.1 Approximately 100 g of dispersion is sufficient toconduct two tests. If a larger specimen is preferred, increase theamount of reducing varnish (if used), the washout solvent, andthe size of the mixing container accordingly.7.2 Make sure the test specimen is representative of the lot.If th
20、e dispersion is a liquid ink in a sample container, hand stirvigorously for 2 min before removing the specimen.8. Procedure8.1 Weigh out 50 6 0.1 g of the test dispersion into awidemouth jar or other mixing container. Using a spatula,spread the specimen into a thin film around the bottom andlower si
21、des of the container.8.2 If the test material is too stiff to spread out or to mixwith the solvent (in 8.3) make a reduction in one of thefollowing manners:8.2.1 Weigh out 50 6 0.1 g of reducing varnish and add insmall increments to the 50-g specimen in the jar while stirringwith a spatula. Mix thor
22、oughly until no lumps are present.8.2.2 Alternatively, discard the specimen in the jar. Weighout 55 g of the test specimen and transfer to a slab. Weigh outan equal quantity of reducing varnish and mix in smallincrements with the specimen until no lumps are present.Transfer to the jar 100 g 6 0.1 g
23、(of which 50 g will bespecimen) and spread out as in 8.1.8.3 With the spatula still in the container, slowly add, whilestirring, about 200 mL of the prescribed washout solvent.Scrape the spatula clean into the jar.8.4 Place a plastic sheet over the mouth of the jar andtighten the lid. If made of gla
24、ss, set the jar into a metalcontainer lined with foam or other soft material before lockingbetween the jaws of the shaker.8.5 Turn the shaker on and let run for 30 min.8.6 When the shaker stops, remove the jar, unscrew the lidand carefully remove the plastic sheet. Using a wash bottlecontaining the
25、same solvent as in 8.3, wash down the plasticsheet into the jar containing the dissolved specimen.8.7 Tare a clean dry sieve to 1 mg, preferably 0.1 mg, and,if disposable, set in place on the washout cup assembly. Pourthe contents of the jar quickly through the sieve. Invert the jarover the screen a
26、nd rinse out with solvent from the wash bottleuntil no color remains in the jar. Make sure that no residueremains in the jar and that all solvent from the jar passes overthe screen.8.8 Wash down the sides of the washout cup assembly (ifused) and the sides of the screen, collecting the residue close
27、tothe center of the sieve.8.9 Place the sieve in a convection oven at 110C for a fewmin or until the screen and residue are dry. Cool in a desiccatorand weigh. Record the weight of the residue.8.10 Repeat 8.1 or 8.2 to 8.9 with a second specimen.8.11 If a reducing varnish was used (in 8.2) and it wa
28、s notwashed and sieved, run a blank on two replicate specimens.8.12 Valuable information may be obtained on the nature ofthe coarse particles by visual or microscopic examination ofthe residue. Passing a magnet under the residue can help toidentify the presence of iron particles. Fibers can be remov
29、edwith tweezers and their number counted.9. Calculation9.1 Calculate the weight concentration, C, of coarse par-ticles either in percent or in parts per million of the specimenas follows:C,%5SW 2 wS2B 2 w8S8D3 100 (1)C, ppm 5SW 2 wS2B 2 w8S8D3 106(2)where:W = weight of the test residue and screen, g
30、,w = weight of the screen, g,S = weight of the test specimen, g,B = weight of the screen and the residue in the reducingvarnish (if used), g,w8 = weight of the screen used for the blank, g, andS8 = weight of the specimen of reducing varnish, g.10. Report10.1 Report the following information:10.1.1 S
31、ample identification and type of dispersion,10.1.2 Percent or ppm of coarse particles as the mean of twodeterminations,10.1.3 The specimen size,10.1.4 The nature of the washout solvent and the reducingvarnish (if used), and10.1.5 Qualitative information, if obtained, about the natureof the coarse pa
32、rticles.11. Precision and Bias611.1 PrecisionAn interlaboratory study of this testmethod was conducted in which two operators in each of fourlaboratories tested in duplicate on each of two days three6Supporting data are available from ASTM International Headquarters. RequestRR:D11075.D 2067 97 (2003
33、)2pigment flushes ranging in concentration of coarse particlesfrom about 40 to 90 ppm. The same lot of washout solvent(Type I mineral spirits) and reducing varnish were distributedto all participants. The test data were analyzed in accordancewith Practice E 691. One laboratory was considered an outl
34、ierand was deleted from the analysis. The within-laboratorypooled standard deviation was 18.6 ppm, and the between-laboratories pooled standard deviation was 23.4 ppm. Based onthese standard deviations, the following criteria should be usedto judge the acceptability of results at the 95 % confidence
35、level:11.1.1 RepeatabilityTwo results, each of mean of tworuns obtained by one operator, should be considered suspect ifthey differ by more than 82 % relative.11.1.2 ReproducibilityTwo results, each the mean of tworuns obtained by other operators in the same or differentlaboratories, should be consi
36、dered suspect if they differ bymore than 128 % relative.11.2 BiasBias cannot be determined as there are nostandard materials.12. Keywords12.1 coarse particles; dispersions; pigment dispersions;printing inks; wire-cloth sieveASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent r
37、ights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at a
38、ny time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments
39、will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by
40、ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).D 2067 97 (2003)3
