1、Designation: D 2067 97 (Reapproved 2008)Standard Test Method forCoarse Particles in Printing Ink Dispersions1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2067; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of la
2、st revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of the weightconcentration of coarse particles in printing ink dispersions bys
3、ieve retention.1.2 This test method is applicable to printing inks, flushedpigments, and other pigment dispersions that contain particleslarger than 45 m. With proper choice of solvent, it isapplicable both to paste and liquid inks.NOTE 1This test method is similar in principle to Test MethodsD 185.
4、 For particles under 25 m, see Test Method D 1316.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.4 This standard does not purport to address the safetyconcerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof
5、 the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety andhealth practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:D 185 Test Methods for Coarse Particles in PigmentsD 235 Specification for Mineral Spirits (Petroleum Spirits
6、)(Hydrocarbon Dry Cleaning Solvent)D 1316 Test Method for Fineness of Grind of Printing InksBy the NPIRI GrindometerE11 Specification for Wire Cloth and Sieves for TestingPurposesE 145 Specification for Gravity-Convection and Forced-Ventilation OvensE 691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory S
7、tudy toDetermine the Precision of a Test Method3. Summary of Test Method3.1 A 50-g specimen of the test dispersion is diluted, ifnecessary, with a reducing varnish, mixed with 200 g ofmineral spirits or other mutually agreeable solvent, mixed in apaint shaker for 30 min, and passed through a tared 3
8、25-meshwire cloth sieve. The sieve is dried in an oven and reweighed.The residue is reported either as a percentage or in parts permillion of the specimen.3.2 The nature of the coarse particles may be identifiedthrough the use of a magnet and visual or microscopicexamination.4. Significance and Use4
9、.1 Coarse particles in printing inks reduce the efficiency ofthe dispersion process, requiring not only extra milling passes,but also frequent changes in pump filters. In printing processes,they may cause excessive wear to metal plates, piling orlocalized retention of ink on blankets and plates, and
10、 waterbalance problems. Coarse particles also reduce color strengthand the gloss of printed matter.4.2 This test method is suitable for quality control. Theprecision may be improved by the use of a specimen size largerthan that prescribed.4.3 Test results are sensitive to the type of washout solvent
11、used. Strong solvents are to be avoided because they maydissolve large particles of resin in the ink vehicle.5. Apparatus5.1 Wire-Cloth Sieve, preferably disposable, 325 mesh (45m), 60.3 mm in diameter; alternatively, a 75-mm No. 325sieve conforming to Specification E11.NOTE 2Adisposable sieve is pr
12、eferred for precision because it weighsonly 0.5 g compared to about 70 g for a conventional sieve.5.2 Washout Cup Assembly (for use with the disposablesieve), assembled according to the manufacturers instructions.5.3 Balance, sensitive to 1.0 mg, preferably 0.1 mg.5.4 Paint Shaker.5.5 Oven, gravity-
13、convection type conforming to Type 1Bin Specification E 145 and maintained at 110 6 5C.5.6 Mixing Container, such as a widemouth bottle or jar,with screw cap, capacity 473 mL (1 pt), preferably plastic. If aglass jar is used, a metal container such as a 1-lb coffee canwith lid and foam packing are r
14、ecommended for protecting thejar while on the shaker.5.7 Spatula, suitable for mixing 100 g of material.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paintand Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D01.56 on Printing Inks.
15、Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2008. Published November 2008. Originallyapproved in 1992. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D 2067 97 (2003).1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.6. Reagents and Materials6.1 Washo
16、ut Solvent, as mutually agreed upon between theproducer and the user. Type I mineral spirits conforming toSpecification D 235 has been found useful for oleoresinoussystems. The solvent should be filtered through a 325-meshscreen prior to use.6.2 Reducing Varnish, for high-viscosity or stiff dispersi
17、ons.The varnish must be compatible with the test dispersion and ofa consistency such that a 50:50 mix will have sufficient flow todisperse in the washout solvent. An 8001200 poise-reducingvarnish has been found useful for flushed pigments. Thereducing varnish should be washed or filtered, or both pr
18、ior touse; otherwise, a blank must be run (see 8.11).6.3 Plastic Sheeting, about 150 mm square and 0.001 mmthick.7. Test Specimen7.1 Approximately 100 g of dispersion is sufficient toconduct two tests. If a larger specimen is preferred, increase theamount of reducing varnish (if used), the washout s
19、olvent, andthe size of the mixing container accordingly.7.2 Make sure the test specimen is representative of the lot.If the dispersion is a liquid ink in a sample container, hand stirvigorously for 2 min before removing the specimen.8. Procedure8.1 Weigh out 50 6 0.1 g of the test dispersion into aw
20、idemouth jar or other mixing container. Using a spatula,spread the specimen into a thin film around the bottom andlower sides of the container.8.2 If the test material is too stiff to spread out or to mixwith the solvent (in 8.3) make a reduction in one of thefollowing manners:8.2.1 Weigh out 50 6 0
21、.1 g of reducing varnish and add insmall increments to the 50-g specimen in the jar while stirringwith a spatula. Mix thoroughly until no lumps are present.8.2.2 Alternatively, discard the specimen in the jar. Weighout 55 g of the test specimen and transfer to a slab. Weigh outan equal quantity of r
22、educing varnish and mix in smallincrements with the specimen until no lumps are present.Transfer to the jar 100 g 6 0.1 g (of which 50 g will bespecimen) and spread out as in 8.1.8.3 With the spatula still in the container, slowly add, whilestirring, about 200 mL of the prescribed washout solvent.Sc
23、rape the spatula clean into the jar.8.4 Place a plastic sheet over the mouth of the jar andtighten the lid. If made of glass, set the jar into a metalcontainer lined with foam or other soft material before lockingbetween the jaws of the shaker.8.5 Turn the shaker on and let run for 30 min.8.6 When t
24、he shaker stops, remove the jar, unscrew the lidand carefully remove the plastic sheet. Using a wash bottlecontaining the same solvent as in 8.3, wash down the plasticsheet into the jar containing the dissolved specimen.8.7 Tare a clean dry sieve to 1 mg, preferably 0.1 mg, and,if disposable, set in
25、 place on the washout cup assembly. Pourthe contents of the jar quickly through the sieve. Invert the jarover the screen and rinse out with solvent from the wash bottleuntil no color remains in the jar. Make sure that no residueremains in the jar and that all solvent from the jar passes overthe scre
26、en.8.8 Wash down the sides of the washout cup assembly (ifused) and the sides of the screen, collecting the residue close tothe center of the sieve.8.9 Place the sieve in a convection oven at 110C for a fewmin or until the screen and residue are dry. Cool in a desiccatorand weigh. Record the weight
27、of the residue.8.10 Repeat 8.1 or 8.2 to 8.9 with a second specimen.8.11 If a reducing varnish was used (in 8.2) and it was notwashed and sieved, run a blank on two replicate specimens.8.12 Valuable information may be obtained on the nature ofthe coarse particles by visual or microscopic examination
28、 ofthe residue. Passing a magnet under the residue can help toidentify the presence of iron particles. Fibers can be removedwith tweezers and their number counted.9. Calculation9.1 Calculate the weight concentration, C, of coarse par-ticles either in percent or in parts per million of the specimenas
29、 follows:C,%5SW 2 wS2B 2 w8S8D3 100 (1)C, ppm 5SW 2 wS2B 2 w8S8D3 106(2)where:W = weight of the test residue and screen, g,w = weight of the screen, g,S = weight of the test specimen, g,B = weight of the screen and the residue in the reducingvarnish (if used), g,w8 = weight of the screen used for th
30、e blank, g, andS8 = weight of the specimen of reducing varnish, g.10. Report10.1 Report the following information:10.1.1 Sample identification and type of dispersion,10.1.2 Percent or ppm of coarse particles as the mean of twodeterminations,10.1.3 The specimen size,10.1.4 The nature of the washout s
31、olvent and the reducingvarnish (if used), and10.1.5 Qualitative information, if obtained, about the natureof the coarse particles.11. Precision and Bias211.1 PrecisionAn interlaboratory study of this testmethod was conducted in which two operators in each of fourlaboratories tested in duplicate on e
32、ach of two days threepigment flushes ranging in concentration of coarse particlesfrom about 40 to 90 ppm. The same lot of washout solvent(Type I mineral spirits) and reducing varnish were distributedto all participants. The test data were analyzed in accordance2Supporting data are available from AST
33、M International Headquarters. RequestRR:D11075.D 2067 97 (2008)2with Practice E 691. One laboratory was considered an outlierand was deleted from the analysis. The within-laboratorypooled standard deviation was 18.6 ppm, and the between-laboratories pooled standard deviation was 23.4 ppm. Based onth
34、ese standard deviations, the following criteria should be usedto judge the acceptability of results at the 95 % confidencelevel:11.1.1 RepeatabilityTwo results, each of mean of tworuns obtained by one operator, should be considered suspect ifthey differ by more than 82 % relative.11.1.2 Reproducibil
35、ityTwo results, each the mean of tworuns obtained by other operators in the same or differentlaboratories, should be considered suspect if they differ bymore than 128 % relative.11.2 BiasBias cannot be determined as there are nostandard materials.12. Keywords12.1 coarse particles; dispersions; pigme
36、nt dispersions;printing inks; wire-cloth sieveASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, a
37、nd the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revis
38、ion of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you s
39、houldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).D 2067 97 (2008)3
