1、Designation: D 2068 08An American National StandardStandard Test Method forDetermining Filter Blocking Tendency1, 2This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2068; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year
2、 of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThis test method describes 3 procedures using different filter media. The result of any test isdependent on the fi
3、lter mandated in the procedure. If a specification requires a specific D 2068procedure, do not substitute a different procedure or filter without agreement from the specifier.1. Scope*1.1 This test method covers three procedures for the deter-mination of the filter blocking tendency (FBT) and filter
4、abilityof middle distillate fuel oils and liquid fuels such as biodieseland biodiesel blends. The 3 procedures and associated filtertypes, are applicable to fuels within the viscosity range of 1.3to 6.0 mm2/s at 40C.NOTE 1ASTM specification fuels falling within the scope of this testmethod are: Spec
5、ifications D 396 Grades No 1 and 2; Specification D 975Grades 1-D, low sulfur 1-D and 2-D; Specification D 2880 Grades 1-GTand 2-GT; Specification D 6751.1.2 This test method is not applicable to fuels that containfree (undissolved) water (see 7.3).1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarde
6、d asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine
7、the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D 396 Specification for Fuel OilsD 975 Specification for Diesel Fuel OilsD 2880 Specification for Gas Turbine Fuel OilsD 4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD 4176 Tes
8、t Method for Free Water and Particulate Con-tamination in Distillate Fuels (Visual Inspection Proce-dures)D 4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD 4860 Test Method for Free Water and Particulate Con-tamination in Middle Distillate Fuels (Clear and BrightNumerical Ra
9、ting)D 6426 Test Method for Determining Filterability ofMiddle Distillate Fuel OilsD 6751 Specification for Biodiesel Fuel Blend Stock(B100) for Middle Distillate Fuels2.2 ISO Standard:4ISO 5636-5 Paper and BoardDetermination of Air Per-meance and Air Resistance (Medium Range) Part 5Gurley Method2.3
10、 ASTM Adjuncts:D2PP, Determination of Precision and Bias Data for Use inTest Methods for Petroleum Products5CompTM, Standard Practice for Statistical Assessment andImprovement of the Expected Agreement between TwoTest Methods that Purport to Measure the Same Propertyof a Material63. Terminology3.1 D
11、efinitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.14 on Stability and Cleanliness of Liquid Fuels.Current edition approved July 1, 2008. Published Aug
12、ust 2008. Originallyapproved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D 206804.2This standard has been developed through the cooperative effort betweenASTM and the Energy Institute, London.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service
13、 at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.4Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.5Available from ASTM International
14、Headquarters. Order Adjunct No.ADJ6300.6Available from ASTM International Headquarters. Order Adjunct No.ADJ6708. Original adjunct produced in 2005.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken,
15、PA 19428-2959, United States.3.1.1 filter blocking tendency (FBT), nof certain fuels,acalculated dimensionless value that defines the tendency ofparticulates in a fuel to plug or block a filter.3.1.1.1 DiscussionThe value is calculated using the pres-sure across the filter or the volume of fuel filt
16、ered at the end ofthe test. Depending on the outcome of the test, one of twoequations is applied. See Section 10, Calculation. See 5.6 forinterpretation of results.3.1.2 filterability, nof certain fuels, the relationship be-tween the volume of sample filtered and the measured pressureincrease across
17、 the filter.3.1.2.1 DiscussionThe filterability of the fuel can beassessed by recording the pressure when a specific volume offuel has flowed through the filter, or recording the volumewhen a specific pressure across the filter has been achieved.This assessment may be assisted by plotting a volume v
18、ersuspressure graph. See Appendix X1.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 A test portion of the fuel to be analysed is passed at aconstant rate of flow (20 mL/min) through a specified filtermedium. The pressure difference across the filter, and thevolume of fuel passing the filter, are monitored until thepr
19、essure reaches 105 kPa or the volume of fuel passing thefilter medium reaches 300 mL. The pressure and flow are thenused to calculate the filter blocking tendency, where a lownumber indicates a good fuel (see 5.6).4.2 The glass fiber filters specified for Procedures A and Bare both 1.6 m nominal por
20、e diameter; Filter B is a pre-assembled encapsulated type.4.3 The pre-assembled nylon filter specified for Procedure Chasa5mnominal pore diameter.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method is intended for use in evaluating thecleanliness of middle distillate fuels, and biodiesel and biodie-sel blen
21、ds for specifications and quality control purposes.5.2 The filter media specified in the three procedures are allsuitable for the materials in the Scope. Specifications calling upthis test method should state the procedure required.5.3 A change in filtration performance after storage orpretreatment
22、can be indicative of changes of fuel condition.5.4 The filterability of fuels varies depending on filterporosity and structure and therefore results from this testmethod might not correlate with full scale filtration.5.5 Causes of poor filterability in industrial/refinery filtersinclude fuel degrada
23、tion products, contaminants (includingwater) picked up during storage or transfer, effects due totemperature or composition for bio fuels, incompatibility ofcommingled fuels, or interaction of the fuel with the filtermedia.Any of these could correlate with orifice or filter systemplugging, or both.5
24、.6 The results of the FBT test can range from 1 with a fuelwith very good filterability, to over 100 for a fuel with poorfilterability. The selection of a single FBT number to define apass or fail criteria is not possible as this will be dependent onthe fuel type and applications.6. Apparatus6.1 Gen
25、eralThe apparatus, as described in Annex A1 andshown in Fig. A1.1, is available as a manufactured unit or canbe constructed from individual components.6.2 Filter Media and Assemblies:6.2.1 Filter A, for Procedure A.6.2.1.1 Filter Housing,7stainless steel, nominal 13 mmdiameter with a Luer fitting at
26、 the top where it connects withthe filtration apparatus. Fig. 1 shows the assembly.6.2.1.2 Filter Media,8glass fiber, 1.6 m nominal porediameter, nominal 13 mm diameter and with an effectivefiltration area of 63.6 to 78.6 mm2. Filter media shall be batch7The sole source of supply of the Filter A hou
27、sing, known to the committee atthis time is Millipore Cat No XX3001200, available from Millipore CorporationHeadquarters, 290 Concord Road, Billerica, MA 01821. If you are aware ofalternative suppliers, please supply this information to ASTM International Head-quarters. Your comments will receive ca
28、reful consideration by a meeting of theresponsible technical committee,1which you may attend.8Whatman Grade GF/A, has been found satisfactory for this purpose.FIG. 1 Assembly of Filter AD2068082selected to have a Gurley time (ISO 5636-5) of between 12.5and 13.4 s for 300 mL.6.2.2 Filter B,9for Proce
29、dure B.6.2.2.1 Filter Housing, disposable polypropylene “syringetype” with Luer and taper fittings, and factory fitted filtermedia. The filter, as shown in Fig. 2, is used with an adaptor(6.9) to allow the test portion to input through the taper fittingand exit from the Luer fitting. The filter medi
30、um is supportedby a coarse glass fiber support pad as shown in Fig. 2.6.2.2.2 Filter Media, glass fiber grade GF/A, 1.6 m nomi-nal pore diameter and effective filtration area of 63.6 to 78.6mm2. The filters shall be batch selected (one or more filtersfrom a batch are tested) and quality controlled (
31、using aprocedure and a fluid with a known pressure/flow characteris-tic, for example, ISO 5636-5) for equivalence with the as-sembled Filter A.6.2.3 Filter C,9for Procedure C.6.2.3.1 Filter Housing, disposable polypropylene “syringetype” filter housing, as shown in Fig. 3, which has Luer andtaper fi
32、ttings, and factory fitted filter media. The test portioninputs via the Luer fitting. The filter medium is held aboveconcentric/segmented ribbed channels and the exit port isrecessed and segmented to eliminate localized filter blocking.6.2.3.2 Filter Media, nylon, 5 m nominal pore diameterand effect
33、ive filtration area of 143.2 to 165.2 mm2. The filtersshall be batch selected (one or more filters from a batch aretested) and quality controlled (using a procedure and a fluidwith a known pressure/flow characteristic, for example,ISO 5636-5).6.3 Measuring Cylinder, 25 mL, glass or other suitabletra
34、nsparent material, with graduations every 0.5 mL, forverifying the flow rate.6.4 Measuring Cylinder, 500 mL, glass or other suitabletransparent material, with graduations every 5 mL, for verify-ing the flow rate, and for measuring the volume of fuel in thefuel receiver if required.6.5 Stopwatch, cap
35、able of measuring to the nearest 0.2 s,required for verifying the flow rate and preparing the sample.6.6 Thermometer, electronic or liquid in glass type ther-mometers with a range of at least 15 to 25C and an accuracyof 6 0.5C or better are suitable.6.7 Forceps, spade ended, for use with Filter A.6.
36、8 Open-ended Spanner Wrenches, plastic or metal, for usewith Filter A.6.9 Adaptor, only for use with Procedure B, to convert theLuer fitting on the apparatus to a fitting compatible with thetapered fitting on Filter B.6.10 Anti-splash Tubing, nylon or silicone rubber, approxi-mately 4 mm inner diame
37、ter for Filters A and C, and 6 mminner diameter for Filter B, to reduce splashing of the samplein the fuel receiver beaker.7. Sampling7.1 Unless otherwise specified, samples shall be obtained inaccordance with Practices D 4057, D 4177 or other comparablesampling practices.7.1.1 Containers shall have
38、 been previously flushed threetimes with the product to be sampled.7.2 Obtain at least 400 mL of a representative aliquot of thesample to be tested in an epoxy-lined can or dark glass bottle.7.3 If any undissolved water is visually apparent (as deter-mined by Test Methods D 4176 or D 4860), discard
39、and replacewith a fresh sample.8. Preparation of Apparatus8.1 Verification:9The following equipment, as listed in RRSR: IP 387/07 (see Footnote 10), wasused to develop the precision statements; Seta MFT Multi Filtration Tester partnumber 91600, Filter capsule “B” part number 91616-001 and Filter cap
40、sule “C”part number 91620. Stanhope-Seta, Chertsey, Surrey, KT16 8AP, UK. This is not anendorsement or certification by ASTM.FIG. 2 Filter BFIG. 3 Filter CD20680838.1.1 Pressure and TemperatureFollow the manufactur-ers instructions for verifying that the pressure and temperaturereadings are in accor
41、dance with the tolerances given in A1.1.3and 6.6 respectively. Verify the pressure reading, at ambientatmospheric pressure (0 kPa) and at approximately 100 kPa, atleast every 6 months or if the apparatus has not been used forthe previous 3 months. Verify the temperature reading iscorrect, at ambient
42、 temperature, at least every 12 months. If thereadings do not meet the specified tolerances inA1.1.3 and 6.6,calibrate the sensors (8.2.1).8.1.2 Flow RateFollow the manufacturers instructionsfor verifying that the flow rate is 20 6 1 mL/min through afilter assembly. The flow rate is verified by meas
43、uring thevolume pumped during a 15 minute period, at least once amonth, using a suitable measuring cylinder (6.4). If themeasured volume is between 285 and 315 mL the flow rate iscorrect. More frequent checks on the flow rate may be made bymeasuring the volume during a 1 minute period using a 25 mLm
44、easuring cylinder (6.3). If the measured volume is notbetween 19 and 21 mL, calibrate the pump (8.2.2).8.2 Calibration:8.2.1 Pressure and TemperatureFollow the manufactur-ers instructions to calibrate the pressure at atmospheric pres-sure (0 kPa) and approximately 100 kPa, and temperaturemeasuring d
45、evice at ambient temperature.8.2.2 Flow RateFollow the manufacturers instructions toset and lock the mechanical flow adjustment control on thepump to give a flow rate of 20 6 1 mL/min.8.2.2.1 A filter assembly shall be fitted when the flow rate iscalibrated.8.3 Apparatus AssemblyAssemble the apparat
46、us as shownin Fig. A1.1, without the filter unit connected.8.4 Filter AssemblyAssemble the filter appropriate to thetest procedure specified.8.4.1 Filter A (for Procedure A)Assemble the filter asshown in Fig. 1 using a new filter medium handled with theforceps (6.7) taking care not to damage the fil
47、ter medium. Placethe medium into the holder with the face marked with a gridpattern uppermost. The open ended spanner wrenches (6.8)may be used to assist in assembling or disassembling thehousing. Attach a suitable length (typically 80 to 90 mm) ofanti-splash tubing (6.10) to the outlet of the filte
48、r assembly.NOTE 2It is most important that the filter unit components areassembled in the exact configuration shown in Fig. 1.NOTE 3Over- or under-tightening of the Filter A assembly can lead toerroneous results.8.4.2 Filter B (for Procedure B)Attach a suitable length(typically 80 to 90 mm) of anti-
49、splash tubing (6.10)totheoutlet of the filter assembly.8.4.2.1 Attach the adaptor (6.9) to the Luer fitting on theoutlet of the apparatus.8.4.3 Filter C ( for Procedure C)Attach a suitable length(typically 80 to 90 mm) of anti-splash tubing (6.10)totheoutlet of the filter assembly.8.5 Rinse the fuel reservoir beaker with some of the productto be tested, and discard.8.6 Remove the adaptor if Procedures A or C are to be used.9. Procedures A, B and C9.1 General:9.1.1 Measure the temperature (6.6) of the fuel in thecontainer, and adjust to 15 to 25C if nec
