1、Designation: D2068 14D2068 17Standard Test Method forDetermining Filter Blocking Tendency1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2068; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A numbe
2、r in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThis test method describes three procedures using different filter media. The result of any test isdependent on the filter mandated in the p
3、rocedure. If a specification requires a specific D2068procedure, do not substitute a different procedure or filter without agreement from the specifier.1. Scope*1.1 This test method covers three procedures for the determination of the filter blocking tendency (FBT) and filterability ofmiddle distill
4、ate fuel oils and liquid fuels such as biodiesel and biodiesel blends. The 3three procedures and associated filtertypes,types are applicable to fuels within the viscosity range of 1.31.3 mm2 to 6.0 mm2/s at 40C.40 C.NOTE 1ASTM specification fuels falling within the scope of this test method are: Spe
5、cificationsSpecification D396 Grades No 1 and 2; SpecificationD975 Grades 1-D, low sulfur 1-D and 2-D; Specification D2880 Grades 1-GT and 2-GT; Specification D6751.1.2 This test method is not applicable to fuels that contain free (undissolved) water (see 7.3).1.3 The values stated in SI units are t
6、o be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices
7、and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardizationestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommen
8、dations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D396 Specification for Fuel OilsD975 Specification for Diesel Fuel OilsD2880 Specification for Gas Turbine Fuel OilsD4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
9、 Petroleum ProductsD4176 Test Method for Free Water and Particulate Contamination in Distillate Fuels (Visual Inspection Procedures)D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum ProductsD4860 Test Method for Free Water and Particulate Contamination in Middle Distillate Fuels (Clea
10、r and Bright NumericalRating)D6300 Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias Data for Use in Test Methods for Petroleum Products and LubricantsD6426 Test Method for Determining Filterability of Middle Distillate Fuel OilsD6708 Practice for Statistical Assessment and Improvement of Expected Ag
11、reement Between Two Test Methods that Purportto Measure the Same Property of a MaterialD6751 Specification for Biodiesel Fuel Blend Stock (B100) for Middle Distillate Fuels1 This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the
12、 direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.14 on Stability and Cleanliness of Liquid Fuels.Current edition approved June 1, 2014May 1, 2017. Published July 2014June 2017. Originally approved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 20132014 asD2068 13.D2068 14. DOI: 10.1520/D2068-14.10.1520/D2068-1
13、7.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only
14、to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
15、of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States12.2 ISO Standard:3ISO 5636-5 Paper and Boa
16、rdDetermination of Air Permeance and Air Resistance (Medium Range) Part 5 Gurley Method2.3 ASTM Adjuncts:D2PP, Determination of Precision and Bias Data for Use in Test Methods for Petroleum Products4CompTM, Standard Practice for Statistical Assessment and Improvement of the Expected Agreement betwee
17、n Two TestMethods that Purport to Measure the Same Property of a Material43. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 filterability, nof certain fuels, the relationship between the volume of sample filtered and the measured pressure increaseacross the filter.3.1.1.1 Discus
18、sionThe filterability of the fuel can be assessed by recording the pressure when a specific volume of fuel has flowed through the filter,or recording the volume when a specific pressure across the filter has been achieved. This assessment may be assisted by plottinga volume versus pressure graph. Se
19、e Appendix X1.3.1.2 filter blocking tendency (FBT), nof certain fuels, a calculated dimensionless value that defines the tendency ofparticulates in a fuel to plug or block a filter.3.1.2.1 DiscussionThe value is calculated using the pressure across the filter or the volume of fuel filtered at the en
20、d of the test. Depending on theoutcome of the test, one of two equations is applied. See Section 10, Calculation. See 5.6 for interpretation of results.3.1.2 filterability, nof certain fuels, the relationship between the volume of sample filtered and the measured pressure increaseacross the filter.3
21、.1.2.1 DiscussionThe filterability of the fuel can be assessed by recording the pressure when a specific volume of fuel has flowed through the filter,or recording the volume when a specific pressure across the filter has been achieved. This assessment may be assisted by plottinga volume versus press
22、ure graph. See Appendix X1.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 A test portion of the fuel to be analysed is passed at a constant rate of flow (20 mL/min) through a specified filter medium.The pressure difference across the filter, and the volume of fuel passing the filter, are monitored until the pressure
23、reaches 105 kPaor the volume of fuel passing the filter medium reaches 300 mL. The pressure (see 3.1.13.1.2.1) and flow are then used to calculatethe filter blocking tendency, where a low number indicates a good fuel (see 5.6).4.2 The glass fiber filters specified for Procedures A and B are both 1.6
24、 m nominal pore diameter; Filter B is a pre-assembledencapsulated type.4.3 The pre-assembled nylon filter specified for Procedure C has a 5 m nominal pore diameter.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method is intended for use in evaluating the cleanliness of middle distillate fuels, and biodiesel
25、and biodiesel blendsfor specifications and quality control purposes.5.2 The filter media specified in the three procedures are all suitable for the materials in the Scope. Specifications calling upthis test method should state the procedure required.5.3 A change in filtration performance after stora
26、ge or pretreatment can be indicative of changes of fuel condition.5.4 The filterability of fuels varies depending on filter porosity and structure and therefore results from this test method mightnot correlate with full scale full-scale filtration.5.5 Causes of poor filterability in industrial/refin
27、ery filters include fuel degradation products, contaminants (including water)picked up during storage or transfer, effects due to temperature or composition for bio fuels, incompatibility of commingled fuels,or interaction of the fuel with the filter media. Any of these could correlate with orifice
28、or filter system plugging, or both.3 Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.4 This adjunct has been withdrawn and is no longer available.D2068 1725.6 The results of the FBT test can range from 1 with a fuel with
29、very good filterability, to over 100 for a fuel with poorfilterability. The selection of a single FBT number to define a pass or fail criteria is not possible as this will be dependent on thefuel type and applications.6. Apparatus6.1 GeneralThe apparatus, as described in Annex A1 and shown in Fig. A
30、1.1, is available as a manufactured unit or can beconstructed from individual components.6.2 Filter Media and Assemblies:NOTE 2Effective filtration areas were determined by measuring the diameter of the sediment in the centre of the filter media.6.2.1 Filter A, for Procedure A.6.2.1.1 Filter Housing
31、,5stainless steel, nominal 13 mm diameter with a Luer fitting at the top where it connects with the filtrationapparatus. Fig. 1 shows the assembly.5 The sole source of supply of the Filter A housing, known to the committee at this time is Millipore Cat No XX3001200, available from Millipore Corporat
32、ionHeadquarters, 290 Concord Road, Billerica, MA 01821. If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please supply this information to ASTM International Headquarters. Yourcomments will receive careful consideration by a meeting of the responsible technical committee,1 which you may attend.FIG. 1 Asse
33、mbly of Filter AD2068 1736.2.1.2 Filter Media,6glass fiber, 1.6 m nominal pore diameter, nominal 13 mm diameter and with an effective filtration areaof 63.663.6 mm2 to 78.6 mm2. Filter media shall be batch selected to have a Gurley time (ISO 5636-5) of between 12.512.5 s and13.4 s for 300 mL.6.2.2 F
34、ilter B,7for Procedure B.6.2.2.1 Filter Housing, disposable polypropylene “syringe type” with Luer and taper fittings, and factory fitted factory-fittedfilter media. The filter, as shown in Fig. 2, is used with an adaptor (6.9) to allow the test portion to input through the taper fittingand exit fro
35、m the Luer fitting. The filter medium is supported by a coarse glass fiber glass-fiber support pad as shown in Fig. 2.Filters fitted with additional pre-filtration are not permitted and can affect FBT results.6.2.2.2 Filter Media, glass fiber grade GF/A, 1.6 m nominal pore diameter and effective fil
36、tration area of 95.095.0 mm2 to113.1 mm2. The filters shall be batch selected (one or more filters from a batch are tested) and quality controlled (using a procedureand a fluid with a known pressure/flow characteristic, for example, ISO 5636-5) for equivalence with the assembled Filter A.6.2.3 Filte
37、r C,7for Procedure C.6.2.3.1 Filter Housing, disposable polypropylene “syringe type” filter housing, as shown in Fig. 3, which has Luer and taperfittings, and factory fitted factory-fitted filter media. The test portion inputs via the Luer fitting. The filter medium is held aboveconcentric/segmented
38、 ribbed channels and the exit port is recessed and segmented to eliminate localized filter blocking.6.2.3.2 Filter Media, nylon, 5 m nominal pore diameter and effective filtration area of 143.2143.2 mm2 to 165.2 mm2. Thefilters shall be batch selected (one or more filters from a batch are tested) an
39、d quality controlled (using a procedure and a fluid witha known pressure/flow characteristic, for example, ISO 5636-5).6.3 Measuring Cylinder, 25 mL, glass or other suitable transparent material, with graduations every 0.5 mL, for verifying theflow rate.6.4 Measuring Cylinder, 500 mL, glass or other
40、 suitable transparent material, with graduations every 5 mL, for verifying theflow rate, and for measuring the volume of fuel in the fuel receiver if required.6.5 Stopwatch, capable of measuring to the nearest 0.2 s, required for verifying the flow rate and preparing the sample.6.6 Thermometer, elec
41、tronic or liquid in glass liquid-in-glass type thermometers with a range of at least 1515 C to 25C25 Cand an accuracy of 6 0.5C 60.5 C or better are suitable.6.7 Forceps, spade ended, spade-ended, for use with Filter A.6.8 Open-endedOpen-Ended Spanner Wrenches, plastic or metal, for use with Filter
42、A.6.9 Adaptor, only for use with Procedure B, to convert the Luer fitting on the apparatus to a fitting compatible with the taperedfitting on Filter B.6 Whatman Grade GF/A, has been found satisfactory for this purpose.7 The following equipment, as listed in RRSR: IP 387/07 (see Footnote 10), was use
43、d to develop the precision statements; Seta MFT Multi Filtration Tester part number91600, Filter capsule “B” part number 91616-001 and Filter capsule “C” part number 91620. Stanhope-Seta, Chertsey, Surrey, KT16 8AP, UK. This is not an endorsementor certification by ASTM.FIG. 2 Filter BD2068 1746.10
44、Anti-splashAnti-Splash Tubing, nylon or silicone rubber, approximately 4 mm inner diameter for FiltersAand C, and 6 mminner diameter for Filter B, to reduce splashing of the sample in the fuel receiver beaker.7. Sampling7.1 Unless otherwise specified, samples shall be obtained in accordance with Pra
45、ctices D4057, D4177, or other comparablesampling practices.7.1.1 Containers shall have been previously flushed three times with the product to be sampled.7.2 Obtain at least 400 mL of a representative aliquot of the sample to be tested in an epoxy-lined can or dark glass bottle.7.3 If any undissolve
46、d water is visually apparent (as determined by Test MethodsMethod D4176 or D4860), discard and replacewith a fresh sample.8. Preparation of Apparatus8.1 Verification:8.1.1 Pressure and TemperatureFollow the manufacturers instructions for verifying that the pressure and temperaturereadings are in acc
47、ordance with the tolerances given in A1.1.3 and 6.6, respectively. Verify the pressure reading, at ambientatmospheric pressure (0 kPa) and at approximately 100 kPa, at least every 6six months or if the apparatus has not been used forthe previous 3three months. Verify the temperature reading is corre
48、ct, at ambient temperature, at least every 12twelve months. Ifthe readings do not meet the specified tolerances in A1.1.3 and 6.6, calibrate the sensors (8.2.1).8.1.2 Flow RateFollow the manufacturers instructions for verifying that the flow rate is 2020 mL61 mL/min through a filterassembly. The flo
49、w rate is verified by measuring the volume pumped during a 15 minutemin period, at least once a month, usinga suitable measuring cylinder (6.4). If the measured volume is between 285285 mL and 315 mL the flow rate is correct. Morefrequent checks on the flow rate may be made by measuring the volume during a 1 minutemin period using a 25 mL measuringcylinder (6.3). If the measured volume is not between 1919 mL and 21 mL, calibrate the pump (8.2.2).8.2 Calibration:8.2.1 Pressure and TemperatureFollow the manufacturers instructions to calibrate the p
