1、Designation: D2093 03 (Reapproved 2017)Standard Practice forPreparation of Surfaces of Plastics Prior to AdhesiveBonding1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2093; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the
2、 year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice describes surface preparations for plasticadherends, to be used prior to adhesive bonding of te
3、stspecimens. It should be noted, however, that this practicespecifies only the pretreating conditions of the plastic and doesnot cover the preparation of test specimens, testing conditions,or evaluation of tests. These are covered in the various ASTMtest methods or specifications for specific materi
4、als.1.2 Physical Treatments (for example, sanding and solventwiping) are used in order to remove the glossy finish and alltraces of dirt, grease, mold release, or other contaminants fromthe bonding surfaces.1.3 Chemical Treatments (for example, sulfuric aciddichromate solution and sodium naphthalene
5、 complex) areused in some cases to alter chemically the surface layers of thepolymer itself to improve its adhesion characteristics.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.5 This standard does not purport to addre
6、ss all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precau-tionary statements are given in 6.1.1.6 T
7、his international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trad
8、e (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D897 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Adhesive BondsD903 Test Method for Peel or Stripping Strength of Adhe-sive BondsD905 Test Method for Strength Properties of AdhesiveBonds in Shear by Compression LoadingD907 Terminology of Adhesiv
9、esD950 Test Method for Impact Strength of Adhesive BondsD952 Test Method for Bond or Cohesive Strength of SheetPlastics and Electrical Insulating MaterialsD1002 Test Method for Apparent Shear Strength of Single-Lap-Joint Adhesively Bonded Metal Specimens by Ten-sion Loading (Metal-to-Metal)D1193 Spe
10、cification for Reagent WaterD3807 Test Method for Strength Properties of Adhesives inCleavage Peel by Tension Loading (Engineering Plastics-to-Engineering Plastics)3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsMany terms are defined in TerminologyD907.4. Significance and Use4.1 This practice is useful for reducing s
11、ome of the surfacevariability of plastics (due to differences in manufacturingmethods) that might otherwise cause excessive variation in theresults of ASTM test methods designed to measure adhesion.The treatments specified are convenient for laboratory work.4.2 This practice is not necessarily desig
12、ned to provideoptimum adhesion to the surfaces and the treatments specifiedmay not always be practical for industrial use.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D14 on Adhesivesand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D14.40 on Adhesives for Plastics.Current edition appro
13、ved April 1, 2017. Published May 2017. Originallyapproved in 1962. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as D2093 03 (2011).DOI:10.1520/D209303R17.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandar
14、ds volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles o
15、n standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.14.3 This practice does not address all of the surface prepa-ration methods availab
16、le; nor does this practice cite all of thetypes or classes of plastics currently available.4.4 This practice is used as a starting point for evaluatingsurface preparation techniques for plastic adherends prior toadhesive bonding.5. Apparatus5.1 Abrasive, Aluminum Oxide, 320 grit, free of waxes,lubri
17、cants, or other potential contaminants.5.2 Glass Dish, borosilicate, of appropriate dimensions, inwhich to heat the sulfuric acid-dichromate solution.5.3 Hot Plate to provide a source for heating the acid.5.4 Cotton Cloths, lint-free, clean, white, or non-lintingpaper wipers.5.5 Tongs, stainless ste
18、el.6. Pretreating Liquids6.1 Sodium Naphthalene SolutionSodium naphthalene so-lutions are commercially available.3When not in use, keep thesolution in a tightly-closed glass container to exclude air andmoisture. (WarningExercise extreme care in preparing,handling, and disposing of both the sulfuric
19、acid-dichromatesolution and the sodium naphthalene solution since these arehazardous materials.)6.2 SolventsUse reagent grade solvents free of any con-taminants such as dirt, grease, etc., for cleaning specimens.6.3 Sulfuric Acid-Dichromate Solution (see7.1.1)Dissolve 75 g of potassium dichromate (K
20、2Cr2O7)in120 g of clean tap water, then add 1500 g of concentratedsulfuric acid (H2SO4, sp gr 1.84) in increments of approxi-mately 200 g, stirring after each addition.6.4 WaterUse clean tap water, at 16 38C (61 100F)to wash specimens.7. Procedure7.1 Use the following surface treatments to prepare t
21、hebonding areas of plastic adherends for adhesive test specimensas indicated in Tables 1 and 2.7.1.1 Solvent WipingWipe the bonding surface of eachadherend with three successive portions of a clean solvent-dampened cloth (Note 1). Allow the adherends to stand in aclean, dust-free area with bonding s
22、urfaces upwards for 20 minto allow evaporation of solvents or condensed humidity.NOTE 1Use a fresh portion of cloth and fresh solvent for each wipe.Do not dampen the cloth by placing it in contact with the mouth of thebottle, but by pouring a small amount of solvent onto the cloth.7.1.2 SandingSand
23、the bonding surfaces of the adherendswith a fine-grit sandpaper or emery cloth until no evidence ofsurface gloss is visible (Note 2). Wipe with a clean dry cloth toremove particles from the sanding. Bond the surface as soonafter preparation as possible.NOTE 2Sanding is desirable in many instances to
24、 remove the surfaceof plastic that may have contaminants, for example, mold release.Roughing due to sanding may also increase the effective bonding area.7.1.3 Sulfuric AcidDichromate Solution Treatment:7.1.3.1 Room TemperatureImmerse the plastic adherendsin the sulfuric acid-dichromate solution that
25、 is maintained at atemperature of 20 to 30C (68 to 86F) for the time periodgiven in Table 2. Immediately remove them and rinse thor-oughly under running tap water for at least 3 min, followed bya distilled or deionized water rinse in accordance with Speci-fication D1193, Type IV. Dry by placing, bon
26、ding side up, in anair-circulating oven at 37 6 3C (99 6 5F) for about 1 h. Donot wipe the surface during or after treatment.7.1.3.2 Elevated TemperatureImmerse the plastic adher-ends in a sulfuric aciddichromate solution that is maintainedat a temperature of 71 6 3C (160 6 5F) for the time periodgi
27、ven in Table 2. Immediately remove them and rinse thor-oughly in running tap water for at least 3 min followed by adistilled or deionized water rinse in accordance with Specifi-cation D1193, Type IV. Dry in an air-circulating oven at 37 63C (99 6 5F) for about 1 h.7.1.4 Sodium Naphthalene Complex Tr
28、eatmentImmersethe adherends in the liquid for 15 min at room temperature.3Acceptable solutions are available from W. S. Shamban and Co., 1855-TCentinela Avenue, Santa Monica, CA 90404 and W. L. Gore Associates, 555 PaperMill Road, Newark, DE 19711.TABLE 1 Physical TreatmentsPlastic Adherend (Group I
29、) Cleaning ProcedureCellulose acetate, cellulose acetate butyrate, cellulose nitrate, methylstyrene, poly-carbonate, polystyrene, vinyl chloride, polymethylmethacrylate, cellulose propionate,ethylcellulose, ABS (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene)Wipe with methanol, sand, wipe with a clean dry cloth, t
30、hen repeatmethanol wipe at room temperature.Epoxy, polyester, phenolic, urea-formaldehyde, diallyl phthalate, melamine, nylon, andpolyurethaneWipe with acetone, sand, wipe with a clean dry cloth, then repeat acetonewipe at room temperature.TABLE 2 Chemical TreatmentsPlastic Adherend (Group II) Clean
31、ing ProcedurePolyolefins (low- and high-density polyethylene, polypropylene, irradiated poly-ethylene), chlorinated polyether, polyformaldehydeWipe with acetone and treat with sulfuric acid-dichromate solution.Treat polyolefins for at least 1 h at room temperature.Treat chlorinated polyether for 5 m
32、in at 71 3C (160 5F).Treat polyformaldehyde up to 10 s at room temperature.Trifluoromonochloroethylene, tetrafluoroethylene Wipe with acetone and treat with sodium naphthalene complex for 15 min atroom temperature.D2093 03 (2017)2Remove them from the solution with metal tongs, wash inacetone to remo
33、ve excess organic materials, and subsequentlywash with distilled or deionized water (Specification D1193,Type IV) to remove the last traces of metallic salts from thetreated surfaces. Before bonding dry the treated adherends inan air-circulating oven at 37 6 3C (99 6 5F) for about 1 h.8. Keywords8.1
34、 adhesive bonding; plastic; surface preparationASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights,
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38、btained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ 03 (2017)3
