1、Designation: D 2097 03 (Reapproved 2005)Standard Test Method forFlex Testing of Finish on Upholstery Leather1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2097; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of la
2、st revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of the flex-ibility and adhesion of a finish on upholstery leather.2This test
3、method does not apply to wet blue.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas the standard. The values given in parentheses are forinformation only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of
4、the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D 1610 Practice for Conditioning Leather and LeatherProducts for Testing3. Summary of Test Method3.1 The
5、leather is mechanically flexed alternately from a flatposition into a single or double bend. At the end of apredetermined number of flexing cycles, the leather is visuallyinspected for finish cracks.4. Significance and Use4.1 This test method simulates the flexing received byupholstery leather in se
6、rvice, and correlation with service isbelieved to be good. Both the resistance of the finish tocracking and adhesion of the finish to the leather can beevaluated.4.2 The flexing action received by the leather in this methodis more severe than that given by methods for shoe upperleather. The less sev
7、ere tests have little utility in the evaluationof upholstery leather finishes.4.3 This test method is suitable, and has been useful, inresearch, development, and manufacturing control. It is used asa method of test for specification acceptance. Since this is asubjective test, proper correlation shou
8、ld be established byinterlaboratory experience prior to use for specification accep-tance.5. Apparatus5.1 Newark Flexing MachineThis machine,4illustrated inFig. 1, consists basically of two pistons, one of which isstationary, the other capable of moving at 500 rpm with astroke of 114 in. (32 mm). Th
9、e movable piston is alsoadjustable on its shaft in order to vary the distance between thetwo pistons.6. Test Specimen6.1 The test specimen shall be 3 by 412 in. (76 by 114 mm)in size.7. Conditioning7.1 Bring all test specimens to equilibrium as described inPractice D 1610. Usually, maintaining the s
10、pecimen for 24 hunder these conditions will adequately satisfy the equilibriumconditions.7.2 The test shall also be conducted under the aboveconditions, described in Practice D 1610.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D31 on Leatherand is the direct responsibility of Subcom
11、mittee D31.05 on Upholstery. This testmethod was developed in cooperation with the American Leather Chemists Assn.Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2005. Published September 2005. Originallyapproved in 1962. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D 209703.2Several methods of evaluating the resist
12、ance of an upholstery leather finish toflexing have been investigated. The method, as described here, has been adopted asstandard by the Upholstery Leather Group, Tanners Council of America.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at servi
13、ceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.4A machine meeting the requirements of this method is available commerciallyfrom the Aim Tool onlysingle cracks are permitted.9.1.2.4 Extreme cracks to russet or peeling o
14、f finish.10. Reproducibility10.1 For full grain and hand buff hides, the Chi Square Rankvalue and the probability obtained from a controlled experi-ment indicate that the results obtained by different laboratoriesshould not be significantly different. Deep buff hides, however,may show significantly
15、different results between laboratories,if great care is not taken to ensure interlaboratory agreement ondescribing the condition of the tested specimen.NOTE 3The data used for a basis for this reproducibility statementwere taken from a series of round-robin tests run by the UpholsteryLeather Group,
16、Tanners Council, from December 14, 1956 to April 18,1957. Six adjacent samples, from the official sampling area, were takenfrom each hide tested. These samples were distributed to six differentlaboratories for test. Three types of upholstery leather were used: fullgrain, hand buff, and deep buff. In
17、 the data examined, 57 hand buff hides,62 full grain hides, and 61 deep buff hides were represented. TheFriedman two-way analysis of variance by ranks5,6was used to comparethe results obtained by the different laboratories. The Chi Square Rankvalue for the hand buff was 5.1, a probability of 0.4, wh
18、ereas the ChiSquare Rank value for full grain was 2.3, a probability of 0.82. That is,based on these two sets of results, there was no significant difference in thetest results from the different laboratories. The deep buff results however,showed a Chi Square Rank value of 44.2, probability less tha
19、n 0.001. Thedeep buff tests, however, were run at 60 000 cycles. Common specifica-tions within the industry call for only 30 000 cycles on deep buff leathers.It is recommended that greater care be used in establishing interlaboratorycorrelation prior to use of this method on deep buff leathers, or r
20、educe thecycles for the test to 30 000.11. Keywords11.1 finish; flex; leatherASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validi
21、ty of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your commen
22、ts are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have no
23、t received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple cop
24、ies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).5Milton Friedman, “The Use of Ranks to Avoid the Assumption of Normality,”General American Statistical Assn., Vol 32, 1937, pp. 675701.6Sidney Siegel, “Non-parametric Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences,”McGraw-Hill Publishing Co., New York, NY 1956, pp. 166173.in. mm18 3.21516 33FIG. 4 Probe for Evaluating SpecimensD 2097 03 (2005)3
