1、Designation: D2099 05 (Reapproved 2010)1Standard Test Method forDynamic Water Resistance of Shoe Upper Leather by theMaeser Water Penetration Tester1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2099; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,
2、in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1NOTEUpdated
3、 units statement and corrected SI value in 4.2.1 editorially in April 2010.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of the dy-namic water resistance of shoe upper leather by the Maeserwater penetration tester. It is applicable to all types of shoeupper leather. Certain waterproof proces
4、ses can cause contami-nation of the stainless steel balls. When this happens, visualinspection is recommended. This test method does not apply towet blue.1.2 Initial water penetration and water absorption can bemeasured by this test method.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
5、as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of
6、this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1610 Practice for Conditioning Leather and Leather Prod-ucts for TestingD2098 Test Method for Dynamic Water Resistan
7、ce of ShoeUpper Leather by the Dow Corning Leather Tester3. Significance and Use3.1 This test method is intended to estimate the waterresistance of shoe upper leather. The flex imparted to theleather is similar to the flex given the vamp of the shoe inactual wear.NOTE 1There is an indication that th
8、is test method cannot be usedinterchangeably for specification purposes with Test Method D2098.4. Apparatus4.1 Balance, sensitive to 0.01 g.4.2 Maeser Water Penetration Tester, as shown in Fig. 1,orits equivalent. The essential features of the machine are:4.2.1 Specimen Holder, made of two V-shaped
9、clamps withwedges for holding the specimen. The clamps shall be 2.5 60.1 in. (63.5 6 2.5 mm) apart, inside measurement, when theirtops are in the same horizontal plane. One clamp shall be in afixed position. The other clamp shall be pivoted as shown inFig. 1 and attached, through a connecting link,
10、to a motor-driven eccentric which turns at 90 6 5 r/min. In one rotation ofthe eccentric, the center of the top of the movable clamp shallmove a distance of 1 6 0.05 in. (25.4 6 1.3 mm) below thehorizontal and return.4.2.2 Water Tank, made of copper, stainless steel, or othernoncorrosive material. I
11、t shall be of such a size that it can beplaced around the clamps and of such a depth that, when inposition for use, the top is 1.25 to 1.5 in. (31.7 to 38.1 mm)above the lowest point of the flexed clamp.4.3 Base for the Water Tank, which is removable frombetween the machine frame and the water tank.
12、4.4 Two systems can be used to determine the number ofcycles through which the specimen is flexed. One shall be amechanical reset counter connected to the movable clamp. Theother system shall be electrical and consist of a high andcommon electrode. The recommended resistance across thecommon electro
13、des is 50 000 V. When the resistance falls1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D31 on Leatherand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D31.03 on Footwear.Current edition approved April 1, 2010. Published May 2010. Originallyapproved in 1962. Last previous edition appr
14、oved in 2005 as D209905. DOI:10.1520/D2099-05R10E01.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyrigh
15、t ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.below this value, the relay will be energized. The highelectrode shown is inside the leather specimen in contact withthe steel balls. The common electrode is in a salt solutionwhich is in contin
16、uous contact with the specimen duringflexing.4.5 Initial water penetration is detected by a current leakagefrom the high electrode through the specimen to the commonelectrode in the conducting solution. This causes a thyatrontube to fire, opening the relay and stopping the machine.5. Reagents and Ma
17、terials5.1 Magnet, to facilitate removal of stainless steel balls.5.2 Magnetic Balls, stainless steel,18 in. (3 mm optional) indiameter, 400 series. The steel balls shall be clean and free ofFIG. 1 Maeser Water Penetration TesterFIG. 1 Maeser Water Penetration Tester (continued)D2099 05 (2010)12grea
18、se, oil, silicone, or rust, and have a resistance less than7500 V before using. Steel balls need to be cleaned after eachuse.5.2.1 To clean, immerse stainless steel balls in mild acid,5 % Nitric. Rinse for 3 to 5 min under running tap water, andallow to air dry.5.3 Sodium Chloride Solution (1 g/L)Di
19、ssolve1gofsodium chloride (NaCl) in distilled water and dilute to 1 L.Solution shall be changed after each test.6. Test Specimen6.1 The test specimen shall be 4 by 4 6 0.125 in. (101.6 by101.6 6 3.2 mm). The minimum size shall be 378 by 4 in. (98.3by 101.6 mm); the maximum shall be 4 by 412 in. (101
20、.6 by114.3 mm).6.1.1 Ensure flex in test is parallel to the backbone bypulling the cut edge that is parallel to the backbone in theclamp.6.1.2 See Practice D1610.7. Procedure7.1 Determine the initial water penetration and water ab-sorption on the same specimen, as follows:7.1.1 Weigh the specimen to
21、 the nearest 0.01 g. Set themachine with the tops of the clamps in the same horizontalplane. Fold the specimen in half along the long dimension, withthe surface to be exposed to the water on the outside. Fasten thespecimen in the clamps by means of the V-shaped wedges, sothat a trough is formed with
22、 the leather sides under slighttension. Construct the wedge assemblies from a nonconductinghard rubber and a laminated plastic as specified in Fig. 2.7.1.2 Place 135 6 5 g of stainless steel balls in the trough.(When automatic end point is not required, this step iseliminated.)7.1.3 Put water tank i
23、n place and fill with NaCl solution toa level 0.75 6 0.05 in. (19.1 6 1.3 mm) above the lowest pointof the specimen adjacent to the fixed clamp. Attach the otherelectrode to the pan, set the mechanical counter to zero, andactivate the electrode circuit. It is not necessary to activate theelectrode c
24、ircuit if visual end point detection is desirable.7.1.4 Turn on power to the mechanical drive.7.1.5 To determine initial water penetration, record thenumber of flexes indicated on the mechanical counter at time offailure. When visual inspection is used, water penetration iseasier to determine with t
25、he use of a light, for example, aflashlight, to brighten samples in the Maeser. When only onedrop is present at a check, blot drop out and note number offlexes. Resume test and recheck in 5 to 10 min. If the dropreturns, mark original flexes. If you see moisture or dark areasbut no drops, use blue l
26、itmus paper to touch the dark area. If thepaper changes color, mark down the flexes.7.1.6 To determine water absorption, remove the specimenfrom the machine, blot with absorbent paper, and weigh to thenearest 0.01 g.8. Calculation8.1 Water AbsorptionCalculate the percentage water ab-sorption as foll
27、ows:Water absorption, % 5 A 2 B!/B 3 100 (1)where:FIG. 2 Wedge Assemblies for Maeser Water Penetration TesterD2099 05 (2010)13A = mass of specimen after flexing and,B = mass of specimen before flexing.9. Report9.1 Report the following information:9.1.1 Water Penetration:9.1.1.1 Number of flexes nece
28、ssary to produce initial waterpenetration,9.1.1.2 Method of penetration detection, visual or elec-tronic,9.1.1.3 Resistance setting of electronic shut off.9.1.2 Water Absorption:9.1.2.1 Percentage of water absorbed.9.1.2.2 Number of cycles that specimens were flexed.10. Precision and Bias10.1 Precis
29、ion:10.1.1 Initial Water Penetration:10.1.1.1 The shape of the distribution curve of the indi-vidual initial water penetration values is not normal due toextreme values. There is a tendency for the standard deviationof the average of the initial water penetration values to increaseas the water resis
30、tance of the leather increases. Coefficients ofvariation of 100 % are not unusual.10.1.1.2 Although the statistical analysis of initial waterpenetration data indicates poor quantitative precision, it ispossible to rank leathers qualitatively in the order of their waterresistance. Leather can also be
31、 judged on a pass/fail systembased on a minimum acceptable level of flexes.10.1.1.3 For research and development it is suggested thatthe bend, belly, and shoulder areas of at least 12 sides of agiven treatment-leather combination be sampled in triplicate.After establishing the performance characteri
32、stics of a treat-ment on a given leather, the sampling need not be extensive forproduction control and specification acceptance.10.1.1.4 Statistical analysis indicates that there is not aconsistent correlation between electronic and visual detectionmethods. Leathers tested by these methods should be
33、 judgedindependently.NOTE 2The lack of correlation between the electronic and visualdetection methods may be due to certain leather treatments, particularlyoils and waxes. Leathers without these treatments show better correlationbetween the two detection methods.10.1.2 Water Absorption:10.1.2.1 The
34、water absorption values tend to follow a morenearly normal distribution. Coefficients of variation of less than25 % are not unusual.10.1.2.2 When comparing water absorption values, it isrecommended that all specimens receive the same number offlexes.10.2 BiasSince there is no accepted reference mate
35、rialsuitable for determining the bias for this procedure, no state-ment on bias is being made.11. Keywords11.1 flexing; leather; water absorption; water penetration;water resistanceASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item
36、mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical commit
37、tee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a mee
38、ting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive,
39、PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).D2099 05 (2010)14
