1、Designation: D2099 05 (Reapproved 2010)1D2099 14Standard Test Method forDynamic Water Resistance of Shoe Upper Leather by theMaeser Water Penetration Tester1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2099; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adopt
2、ion or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense
3、.1 NOTEUpdated units statement and corrected SI value in 4.2.1 editorially in April 2010.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of the dynamic water resistance of shoe upper leather by the Maeser waterpenetration tester. It is applicable to all types of shoe upper leather. Certain wat
4、erproof processes can cause contamination of thestainless steel balls. When this happens, visual inspection is recommended. This test method does not apply to wet blue.1.2 Initial water penetration and water absorption can be measured by this test method.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are
5、 to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibil
6、ityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1610 Practice for Conditioning Leather and Leather Products for TestingD2098 Test Method for Dynamic
7、Water Resistance of Shoe Upper Leather by the Dow Corning Leather TesterD2813 Practice for Sampling Leather for Physical and Chemical Tests3. Significance and Use3.1 This test method is intended to estimate the water resistance of shoe upper leather. The flex imparted to the leather is similarto the
8、 flex given the vamp of the shoe in actual wear.NOTE 1There is an indication that this test method cannot be used interchangeably for specification purposes with Test Method D2098.4. Apparatus4.1 Balance, sensitive to 0.01 g.4.2 Maeser Water Penetration Tester, as shown in Fig. 1, or its equivalent.
9、 The essential features of the machine are:4.2.1 Specimen Holder, made of two V-shaped clamps with wedges for holding the specimen. The clamps shall be 2.5 6 0.1in. (63.5 6 2.5 mm) apart, inside measurement, when their tops are in the same horizontal plane. One clamp shall be in a fixedposition. The
10、 other clamp shall be pivoted as shown in Fig. 1 and attached, through a connecting link, to a motor-driven eccentricwhich turns at 90 6 5 r/min. In one rotation of the eccentric, the center of the top of the movable clamp shall move a distanceof 1 6 0.05 in. (25.4 6 1.3 mm) below the horizontal and
11、 return.4.2.2 Water Tank, made of copper, stainless steel, or other noncorrosive material. It shall be of such a size that it can be placedaround the clamps and of such a depth that, when in position for use, the top is 1.25 to 1.5 in. (31.7 to 38.1 mm) above the lowestpoint of the flexed clamp.1 Th
12、is test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D31 on Leather and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D31.03 on Footwear.Current edition approved April 1, 2010May 1, 2014. Published May 2010June 2014. Originally approved in 1962. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D209905
13、.05 (2010)1. DOI: 10.1520/D2099-05R10E01.10.1520/D2099-14.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.Thi
14、s document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editio
15、ns as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States14.3 Base for the Water Tank, which is removable fro
16、m between the machine frame and the water tank.4.4 Two systems can be used to determine the number of cycles through which the specimen is flexed. One shall be a mechanicalreset counter connected to the movable clamp. The other system shall be electrical and consist of a high and common electrode.Th
17、e recommended resistance across the common electrodes is 50 000 . When the resistance falls below this value, the relay willbe energized. The high electrode shown is inside the leather specimen in contact with the steel balls. The common electrode is ina salt solution which is in continuous contact
18、with the specimen during flexing.FIG. 1 Maeser Water Penetration TesterFIG. 1 Maeser Water Penetration Tester (continued)D2099 1424.5 Initial water penetration is detected by a current leakage from the high electrode through the specimen to the commonelectrode in the conducting solution. This causes
19、 a thyatron tube to fire, opening the relay and stopping the machine.5. Reagents and Materials5.1 Magnet, to facilitate removal of stainless steel balls.5.2 Magnetic Balls, stainless steel, 18 in. (3 mm optional) in diameter, 400 series. The steel balls shall be clean and free ofgrease, oil, silicon
20、e, or rust, and have a resistance less than 7500 before using. Steel balls need to be cleaned after each use.5.2.1 To clean, immerse stainless steel balls in mild acid, 5 % Nitric. Rinse for 3 to 5 min under running tap water, and allowto air dry.5.3 Sodium Chloride Solution (1 g/L)Dissolve 1 g of s
21、odium chloride (NaCl) in distilled water and dilute to 1 L. Solution shallbe changed after each test.6. Test Specimen6.1 When taking test specimens from skins or hides refer to Practice D2813.6.2 The test specimen shall be 4 by 4 6 0.125 in. (101.6 by 101.6 6 3.2 mm). The minimum size shall be 378 b
22、y 4 in. (98.3by 101.6 mm); the maximum shall be 4 by 412 in. (101.6 by 114.3 mm).6.2.1 Ensure flex in test is parallel to the backbone by pulling the cut edge that is parallel to the backbone in the clamp.6.2.2 See Prior to testing, the specimens shall be conditioned to Practice D1610.7. Procedure7.
23、1 Determine the initial water penetration and water absorption on the same specimen, as follows:7.1.1 Weigh the specimen to the nearest 0.01 g. Set the machine with the tops of the clamps in the same horizontal plane. Foldthe specimen in half along the long dimension, with the surface to be exposed
24、to the water on the outside. Fasten the specimenin the clamps by means of the V-shaped wedges, so that a trough is formed with the leather sides under slight tension. Constructthe wedge assemblies from a nonconducting hard rubber and a laminated plastic as specified in Fig. 2.7.1.2 Place 135 6 5 g o
25、f stainless steel balls in the trough. (When automatic end point is not required, this step is eliminated.)7.1.3 Put water tank in place and fill with NaCl solution to a level 0.75 6 0.05 in. (19.1 6 1.3 mm) above the lowest point ofthe specimen adjacent to the fixed clamp. Attach the other electrod
26、e to the pan, set the mechanical counter to zero, and activatethe electrode circuit. It is not necessary to activate the electrode circuit if visual end point detection is desirable.FIG. 2 Wedge Assemblies for Maeser Water Penetration TesterD2099 1437.1.4 Turn on power to the mechanical drive.7.1.5
27、To determine initial water penetration, record the number of flexes indicated on the mechanical counter at time of failure.When visual inspection is used, water penetration is easier to determine with the use of a light, for example, a flashlight, to brightensamples in the Maeser. When only one drop
28、 is present at a check, blot drop out and note number of flexes. Resume test and recheckin 5 to 10 min. If the drop returns, mark original flexes. If you see moisture or dark areas but no drops, use blue litmus paper totouch the dark area. If the paper changes color, mark down the flexes.7.1.6 To de
29、termine water absorption, remove the specimen from the machine, blot with absorbent paper, and weigh to thenearest 0.01 g.8. Calculation8.1 Water AbsorptionCalculate the percentage water absorption as follows:Water absorption,%5A 2B!/B# 3100 (1)where:A = mass of specimen after flexing and,B = mass o
30、f specimen before flexing.9. Report9.1 Report the following information:9.1.1 Water Penetration:9.1.1.1 Number of flexes necessary to produce initial water penetration,9.1.1.2 Method of penetration detection, visual or electronic,9.1.1.3 Resistance setting of electronic shut off.9.1.2 Water Absorpti
31、on:9.1.2.1 Percentage of water absorbed.9.1.2.2 Number of cycles that specimens were flexed.10. Precision and Bias10.1 Precision:10.1.1 Initial Water Penetration:10.1.1.1 The shape of the distribution curve of the individual initial water penetration values is not normal due to extremevalues. There
32、is a tendency for the standard deviation of the average of the initial water penetration values to increase as the waterresistance of the leather increases. Coefficients of variation of 100 % are not unusual.10.1.1.2 Although the statistical analysis of initial water penetration data indicates poor
33、quantitative precision, it is possible torank leathers qualitatively in the order of their water resistance. Leather can also be judged on a pass/fail system based on aminimum acceptable level of flexes.10.1.1.3 For research and development it is suggested that the bend, belly, and shoulder areas of
34、 at least 12 sides of a giventreatment-leather combination be sampled in triplicate.After establishing the performance characteristics of a treatment on a givenleather, the sampling need not be extensive for production control and specification acceptance.10.1.1.4 Statistical analysis indicates that
35、 there is not a consistent correlation between electronic and visual detection methods.Leathers tested by these methods should be judged independently.NOTE 2The lack of correlation between the electronic and visual detection methods may be due to certain leather treatments, particularly oils andwaxe
36、s. Leathers without these treatments show better correlation between the two detection methods.10.1.2 Water Absorption:10.1.2.1 The water absorption values tend to follow a more nearly normal distribution. Coefficients of variation of less than25 % are not unusual.10.1.2.2 When comparing water absor
37、ption values, it is recommended that all specimens receive the same number of flexes.10.2 BiasSince there is no accepted reference material suitable for determining the bias for this procedure, no statement onbias is being made.D2099 14411. Keywords11.1 flexing; leather; water absorption; water pene
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41、nown to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).D2099 145
