1、Designation: D 2105 01 (Reapproved 2007)e1An American National StandardStandard Test Method forLongitudinal Tensile Properties of “Fiberglass” (Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Thermosetting-Resin) Pipe and Tube1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2105; the number immediately following the d
2、esignation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for us
3、e by agencies of the Department of Defense.e1NOTENote 2 was editorially revised and the order and location of Note 3 and Note 5 in the body of the text was changedto correct an error and make the notes positionally more accurate in April 2007.1. Scope*1.1 This test method covers the determination of
4、 the com-parative longitudinal tensile properties of fiberglass pipe whentested under defined conditions of pretreatment, temperature,and testing machine speed. Both glass-fiber-reinforcedthermosetting-resin pipe (RTRP) and glass-fiber-reinforcedpolymer mortar pipe (RPMP) are fiberglass pipes.NOTE 1
5、For the purposes of this standard, polymer does not includenatural polymer.1.2 This test method is generally limited to pipe diameter of6 in. (150 mm) or smaller. Larger sizes may be tested ifrequired apparatus is available.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas the standard.
6、 The values given in parentheses are providedfor information purposes only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determin
7、e the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.NOTE 2There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C33 Specification for Concrete AggregatesD 618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for TestingD 638 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plas
8、ticsD 638M Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties ofPlastics (Metric)3D 883 Terminology Relating to PlasticsD 1600 Terminology for Abbreviated Terms Relating toPlasticsD 3567 Practice for Determining Dimensions of “Fiber-glass” (Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Thermosetting Resin) Pipeand FittingsE4 Pra
9、ctices for Force Verification of Testing MachinesE83 Practice for Verification and Classification of Exten-someter SystemsF 412 Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping Systems3. Terminology3.1 GeneralDefinitions are in accordance with Terminol-ogy D 883 and F 412 and abbreviations are in accordance w
10、ithTerminology D 1600, unless otherwise indicated.3.2 Other definitions of terms and symbols relating totension testing of plastics appear in the Annex to Test MethodsD 638 and D 638M.3.3 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.3.1 aggregatea siliceous sand conforming to the re-quirements o
11、f Specification C33, except that the requirementsfor gradation shall not apply.3.3.2 exterior surface resin layera resin layer, with orwithout filler or reinforcement, or both, applied to the exteriorsurface of the pipe structural wall.3.3.3 fiberglass pipea tubular product containing glassfiber rei
12、nforcement embedded in or surrounded by curedthermosetting resin; the composite structure may containaggregate, granular or platelet fillers, thixotropic agents, pig-ments, or dyes; thermoplastic or thermosetting liners may beincluded.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20
13、 on Plasticsand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.23 on Reinforced PlasticPiping Systems and Chemical Equipment.Current edition approved March 1, 2007. Published April 2007. Originallyapproved in 1962. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as D 2105 01.2For referenced ASTM standards,
14、 visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Withdrawn.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM
15、 International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.3.4 linerthe inner portion of the wall at least 0.005 in.(0.13 mm) in thickness, as determined in 9.1.2, which does notcontribute to the strength in the determination of the hydro-static design basi
16、s.3.3.5 reinforced polymer mortar pipe (RPMP)a fiberglasspipe with aggregate.3.3.6 reinforced thermosetting resin pipe (RTRP)a fiber-glass pipe without aggregate.3.3.7 reinforced wall thicknessthe total wall thicknessminus the liner or exterior coating thickness, or both.4. Significance and Use4.1 T
17、ensile properties include modulus of elasticity, yieldstress, elongation beyond yield point, tensile strength, elonga-tion at break, and energy absorption. Materials possessing alow order of ductility may not exhibit a yield point. Stress-strain data at several levels of temperature, humidity, time,
18、 orother variables may be needed to furnish reasonably accurateindications of the behavior of the material.4.2 Tension tests may provide data for research and devel-opment, engineering design, quality control, acceptance orrejection under specifications, and for special purposes (Note3). The tests c
19、annot be considered significant for applicationsdiffering widely from the load-time scale of the standard test(Note 4). Such applications require more suitable tests, such asimpact, creep, and fatigue.NOTE 3It is realized that the method of preparation of a material isone of the many variables that
20、affect the results obtained in testing amaterial. Hence, when comparative tests of materials per se are desired,the greatest care must be exercised to ensure that all samples are preparedin exactly the same way; similarly, for referee or comparative tests of anygiven series of specimens, care must b
21、e taken to secure the maximumdegree of uniformity in details of preparation, treatment, and handling.NOTE 4Reinforcements of plastics with glass fiber offer wide oppor-tunities for designing and producing products with markedly differentresponses to loading even when the basic geometry of the produc
22、t issimilar. For example, a tubular product may be designed to give maximumresistance to torsion loading, but such a product might develop a twist orbow if tested in tension or under internal pressure loading. In the case ofpipe for general field use, internal pressure, as well as loads in tension,c
23、ompression, torsion, and flexure must be resisted to some degree.Different pipe producers have chosen, by design, to offer products havingdifferent balances of resistance to such stressing conditions. As a result, itis important that the purchaser and the seller both have a clear under-standing and
24、agreement on the significance of this test method relative tothe intended use.5. Apparatus5.1 Testing MachineA testing machine of the constant-rate-of-crosshead-movement type (Note 5) and comprisingessentially the following:NOTE 5It is recognized that the constant rate-of-crosshead-movementtype of t
25、est leaves much to be desired from a theoretical standpoint, thatwide differences may exist between gage marks on the specimen, and thatthe testing speeds specified disguise important effects characteristic ofmaterials in the plastic state. Further, it is realized that variations in thethicknesses o
26、f test specimens, which are permitted by these procedures,produce variations in the surface-volume ratios of such specimens, andthat these variations may influence the test results. Hence, where directlycomparable results are desired, all samples should be of equal thicknessand outside diameter. App
27、ropriate modifications of the test procedureshould be used when more precise physical data are needed.5.1.1 Fixed MemberA fixed or essentially stationarymember carrying one grip.5.1.2 Movable MemberA movable member carrying asecond grip.5.1.3 GripsGrips for holding the test specimen betweenthe fixed
28、 member and the movable member. The grips shall beself-aligning; that is, they shall be attached to the fixed andmovable member, respectively, in such a manner that they willmove freely into alignment as soon as any load is applied. Withthis arrangement, the long axis of the test specimen willcoinci
29、de with the direction of the applied pull through thecenter line of the grip assembly. The test specimen shall be heldin such a way that slippage relative to the grips is preventedinsofar as possible. The grips shall be designed so that nocrushing load shall be applied to the pipe ends. A suggested
30、setof grips and mandrels is shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2.5.1.4 Drive MechanismA drive mechanism for impartingto the movable member a uniform, controlled velocity withrespect to the stationary member, this velocity to be regulatedas specified in 9.3.5.1.5 Load IndicatorA suitable load-indicating mecha-
31、nism capable of showing the total tensile load carried by thetest specimen when held by the grips. This mechanism shall beessentially free from inertia lag at the specified rate of testingand shall indicate the load with an accuracy of 61 % of theindicated value, or better. The accuracy of the testi
32、ng machineshall be verified in accordance with Practice E4.NOTE 6Experience has shown that many testing machines now in useare incapable of maintaining accuracy for as long as the periods betweeninspection recommended in Practice E4. Hence, it is recommended thateach machine be studied individually
33、and verified as often as necessary. Itwill frequently be necessary to perform this function daily.5.1.6 The fixed member, movable member, drive mecha-nism, and grips shall be constructed of such materials and insuch proportions that the total elastic longitudinal strain of thesystem constituted by t
34、hese parts does not exceed 1 % of thetotal longitudinal strain between the two gage marks on the testspecimen at any time during the test and at any load up to therated capacity of the machine.5.2 Extension IndicatorA suitable instrument for deter-mining the distance between two fixed points located
35、 withinthe gage length of the test specimen at any time during the test.It is desirable, but not essential, that this instrument automati-cally record this distance (or any change in it) as a function ofthe load on the test specimen or of the elapsed time from thestart of the test, or both. If only
36、the latter is obtained, load-timedata must also be taken. This instrument shall be free of inertialag at the specified speed of testing and shall be accurate to61 % of strain or better.NOTE 7Reference is made to Practice E83.5.3 MicrometersSuitable micrometers, reading to at least0.001 in. (0.025 mm
37、), for measuring the diameter and thicknessof the test specimens.6. Test Specimen6.1 The test specimens shall be sections of fiberglass pipe ortubing with a minimum length of 18 in. (45.7 cm) betweengrips.D 2105 01 (2007)e126.2 All surfaces of each specimen shall be free from visibleflaws, scratches
38、, or imperfections.6.3 The minimum gage length shall be 2.0 in. (5.1 cm) formechanical extension measuring devices. A gage length of lessthan 2.0 in. (5.1 cm) is acceptable for electrical extensionmeasuring devices, such as strain gages.6.4 Gage marks may be placed on the specimen using ink,crayon,
39、scratches, punches, etc., provided they do not damagethe reinforcement.6.5 Pipe with high tensile properties may require additionalreinforcement at the grip areas to prevent pipe failure from thecrush load of the grips.6.6 For determination of joint strength, specimens shallinclude a joint centered
40、between the grips.7. Number of Test Specimens7.1 At least five specimens shall be tested for each sample.7.2 Results from tested specimens that break at someobvious flaw or within one pipe diameter of the grips may bediscarded.8. Conditioning8.1 ConditioningCondition the test specimens at 73 64F (22
41、.7 6 2.2C) and 50 6 5 % relative humidity for not lessthan 40 h prior to test in accordance with Procedure A ofMethods D 618, for those tests where conditioning is required.In cases of disagreement, the tolerances shall be6 2F(61.1C) and 62 % relative humidity.8.2 Test ConditionsConduct tests in the
42、 Standard Labora-tory Atmosphere of 73 6 4F (22.7 6 2.2C) and 50 6 5%relative humidity, unless otherwise specified in the test meth-ods or in this specification. In cases of disagreements, thetolerances shall be 62F (1.1C) and 62 % relative humidity.9. Procedure9.1 Dimensions and Tolerances:9.1.1 Wa
43、ll Thickness and DiameterDetermine in accor-dance with Practice D 3567.9.1.2 Liner ThicknessIf the test specimens contain a liner,determine the average liner thickness in accordance withPractice D 3567.FIG. 1 Suggested Holding Device for Tension Test SpecimenD 2105 01 (2007)e139.2 Place the specimen
44、 in the grips of the testing machine,taking care to align the long axis of the specimen and the gripswith an imaginary line joining the points of attachment of thegrips to the machine. Tighten the grips evenly and firmly to thedegree necessary to prevent slippage of the specimen duringthe test but n
45、ot to the point where the specimen would becrushed.9.3 Speed of testing is the velocity of separation of thecrossheads (or grips) of the testing machine when operatingunder no load. The speed of testing shall be either:9.3.1 0.20 to 0.25 in./min (0.508 to 0.635 cm/min) or9.3.2 0.40 to 0.50 in./min (
46、1.02 to 1.27 cm/min).9.4 Attach the extension indicator. Set the speed of testing,and start the machine. Specimens shall be carried to failure.Record loads and corresponding deformations at appropriateeven intervals of strain. Record the load carried by thespecimen when the strain reaches 0.02 and t
47、he elapsed timefrom the start of the test until this point is reached. If ruptureoccurs before the strain reaches 0.02, record the elapsed timefrom the start of the test until the specimen breaks.10. Calculation10.1 Tensile StrengthCalculate the tensile strength bydividing the maximum (or breaking)
48、load by the originalminimum reinforced cross-sectional area of the specimen.Report the result to three significant figures.10.2 Percentage ElongationCalculate the percentageelongation by dividing the extension at the moment of rupturePipe SizeABCDEFGHJ211732 178 238 134 238 212 8 114 218212 11516 23
49、8 278 2316 234 278 10 114 214312932 21516 312 2316 234 278 10 1 23842132 31316 412 2316 234 278 10 1 234Pipe SizeKLMNOPQRS211932 3116 25364 22564 218 278 378 314 22732212 218 312 32164 25764 258 338 438 334 311323218 312 36164 33364 314 45438 331324218 312 46164 43364 414 56538 43132NOTE 1Other sizes of pipe may be tested using this test method by varying the dimensions of the holding fixture given in Fig. 2 to fit the specimenand testing machine.FIG. 2 Suggested Holding Devic
