1、Designation: D2116 07 (Reapproved 2012)Standard Specification forFEP-Fluorocarbon Molding and Extrusion Materials1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2116; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year o
2、f last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers melt proc
3、essable molding andextrusion materials of FEP-fluorocarbon resin. This specifica-tion does not cover recycled FEP materials. These FEP resinsare copolymers of tetrafluoroethylene and hexafluoropropyleneor modified FEP-fluorocarbon resins containing not more than2 % by weight of other fluoromonomers.
4、1.2 The values stated in SI units as detailed in IEEE/ASTM SI-10 are to be regarded as the standard. The valuesgiven in parentheses are for information only.NOTE 1Although this specification and ISO 12086-1 andISO 12086-2 differ in approach or detail, data obtained using either aretechnically equiva
5、lent.1.3 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to thetest methods portion, Section 11, of this specification. Thisstandard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the userof this standard to establish appropriate
6、safety and healthpractices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-tions prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D150 Test Methods for AC Loss Characteristics and Per-mittivity (Dielectric Constant) of Solid Electrical Insula-tionD618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics f
7、or TestingD638 Test Method for Tensile Properties of PlasticsD792 Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Rela-tive Density) of Plastics by DisplacementD883 Terminology Relating to PlasticsD1238 Test Method for Melt Flow Rates of Thermoplasticsby Extrusion PlastometerD1600 Terminology for Abb
8、reviated Terms Relating toPlasticsD3295 Specification for PTFE Tubing, Miniature Beadingand Spiral Cut TubingD3418 Test Method for Transition Temperatures and En-thalpies of Fusion and Crystallization of Polymers byDifferential Scanning CalorimetryD3892 Practice for Packaging/Packing of PlasticsE691
9、 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test MethodIEEE/ASTM SI-10 Use of the International System of Units(SI): The Modern Metric System2.2 ISO Standards:3ISO 12086-1 PlasticsFluoropolymer Dispersions andMoulding and Extrusion MaterialsPart 1ISO 12086-2 Plas
10、ticsFluoropolymer Dispersions andMoulding and Extrusion MaterialsPart 23. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 GeneralThe definitions given in Terminology D883are applicable to this specification.3.1.2 lot, none production run or a uniform blend of twoor more production runs.3.2 Abbreviated Terms:3.2.1
11、GeneralThe abbreviated terms given in Terminol-ogy D1600 are applicable to this specification.4. Classification4.1 This specification covers four types of FEP-fluorocarbon resin supplied in pellet form classified accordingto their melt flow rate.4.2 A one-line system shall be used to specify materia
12、lscovered by this specification. The system uses predefined cellsto refer to specific aspects of this specification, illustrated asfollows:1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 onPlastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.15 on ThermoplasticMaterials.
13、Current edition approved April 1, 2012. Published June 2012. Originallyapproved in 1962. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D2116 07. DOI:10.1520/D2116-07R12.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Bo
14、ok of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, We
15、st Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.SpecificationStandard Number : Type : SpecialBlock : : notes: ,Example: Specification D2116 XX, IFor this example, the line callout would be SpecificationD2116 XX, I and would specify an FEP-fluorocarbon resinthat has all of the properties listed for tha
16、t type, grade, and classin the appropriate specified properties or tables, or both, in thespecification identified. A comma is used as the separatorbetween the standard number and the type.4A provision forspecial notes is included so that other information can beprovided when required. When special
17、notes are used, precedethem with a comma.5. General Requirements5.1 The materials shall be of uniform composition and soprepared as to conform to the requirements of this specifica-tion.5.2 The material described in this specification shall be freeof foreign matter to such a contamination level as i
18、s agreedupon between the purchaser and the seller.6. Detail Requirements6.1 The average test result of the lot shall conform to therequirements prescribed in Table 1 and Table 2 when tested bythe procedures specified herein. Table 2 lists those testsrequiring a specimen molded as described in Sectio
19、n 8.7. Sampling7.1 Sampling shall be statistically adequate to satisfy re-quirements of 13.1.1.8. Test Specimens8.1 Prepare a molded sheet 1.5 6 0.3 mm (0.060 6 0.010in.) thick. Use a picture-frame-type chase having a suitableblanked-out section and thickness to produce the desired sheet.Use clean a
20、luminum foil, 0.13 to 0.18 mm (0.005 to 0.007 in.)thick, in contact with the resin. A high-temperature moldrelease agent shall be sprayed on the aluminum foil to helpprevent the foil from sticking to the sheet. Use steel moldingplates at least 1.0 mm (0.040 in.) thick and of an area adequateto cover
21、 the chase.8.2 Lay down and smoothly cover one plate with a sheet ofaluminum foil. Place the mold chase on top of this assembly.Place within the mold chase sufficient molding material toproduce the required sheet in such a manner that the polymercharge is a mound in the middle of the chase. Place a
22、secondsheet of aluminum foil on top of the granules and add the topmold plate. Place the assembly in a compression molding presshaving platens that have been heated to 372 6 5C (702 69F).8.3 Bring the platens to incipient contact with the moldassembly. Hold for 2 to 4 min without pressure. Applyappr
23、oximately 1 MPa (145 psi) and hold for 1 to 1.5 min. Thenapply 2 to 4 MPa (290 to 580 psi) and hold for 1 to 1.5 min.Maintain the press at 372 6 5C (702 6 9F) during thesesteps. Remove the assembly from the press and place betweentwo 20 6 7-mm (0.75 6 0.25-in.) steel plates whose tempera-ture is les
24、s than 40C (104F).8.4 When the sheet is cool enough to touch (about 50 to60C (122 to 140F), remove aluminum foil from the sheet. (Ifthe sheet is allowed to cool to room temperature, the aluminumfoil cannot be pulled free.)4See the ASTM Form and Style Manual, available from ASTM Headquarters.TABLE 1
25、Detail Requirements for Test on Molding MaterialsTypeITypeIITypeIIITypeIVMelt flow rate, g/10 min:Load, 5000 g:Min 4.0 12.0 0.8 2.0Max 12.0 . 2.0 3.9TABLE 2 Detail Requirements for Molded Test SpecimensType I Type II Type III Type IVSpecific gravity 23/23C (73/73F)Min 2.12 2.12 2.12 2.12Max 2.17 2.1
26、7 2.17 2.17Melting point, C 260 6 20 260 6 20 260 6 20 260 6 20Tensile strength, 23C (73F), min:MPa 17.3 14.5 20.7 18.7psi 2500 2100 3000 2700Elongation, 23C (73F), min, % 275 240 275 275Dielectric constant, max:At 103Hz 2.15 2.15 2.15 2.15At 106Hz 2.15 2.15 2.15 2.15Dissipation factor, max:At 103Hz
27、 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003At 106Hz0.0007 0.0009 0.00070.0007D2116 07 (2012)29. Conditioning9.1 For tests of specific gravity and tensile properties,condition the molded test specimens in accordance withProcedure A of Practice D618 for a period of at least 4 h priorto test. The other tests require
28、no conditioning.9.2 Conduct tests at the Standard Laboratory Temperature of23 6 2C (73.4 6 3.6F) for determination of specific gravityand tensile properties only. Since this resin does not absorbwater, the maintenance of constant humidity during testing isnot necessary. Conduct tests for melt flow r
29、ate and meltingpoint under ordinary laboratory conditions.10. Packaging and Marking10.1 PackagingThe resin pellets shall be packaged instandard commercial containers so constructed as to ensureacceptance by common or other carriers for safe transportationto the point of delivery, unless otherwise sp
30、ecified in thecontract or order.10.2 MarkingShipping containers shall be marked withthe name of the material, type, and quantity contained therein.10.3 All packing, packaging, and marking provisions ofPractice D3892 shall apply to this specification.11. Test Methods11.1 Melt Flow Rate:11.1.1 Princip
31、le of Test MethodThe melt flow rate isdetermined at 372 6 1C using Procedure A or B described inTest Method D1238. The extrusion plastometer to be used isdescribed in Test Method D1238 modified by use of corrosionresistant alloy for the barrel lining, orifice, piston tip, and orficesecuring device.
32、Use pellets or pieces of approximately thesame size cut from molded or extruded forms. Strips about 6mm (14 in.) by 76 mm (3 in.) long also load readily into thebarrel. Refer to Table 2 or Table 3 of Test Method D1238 forthe amount of charge which shall be adjusted accordingly withmelt density of FE
33、P being used. Usually the charge amount is5 to 15 g. Flow rate is measured using a load of 5000 g. Collectfive successive cuts for the manual method.11.2 Specific GravityDetermine the specific gravity on aspecimen approximately 25.4 by 38 mm (1 by 1.5 in.) blankedor cut from the molded plaque (Secti
34、on 8) in accordance withthe procedures described in Test Methods D792. Add 2 dropsof a wetting agent to the water in order to reduce the surfacetension and ensure complete wetting of the specimen.11.3 Melting Point:11.3.1 Melting Characteristics by Thermal AnalysisUsedifferential scanning calorimetr
35、y (DSC) as described in TestMethod D3418 for this determination. For specification pur-poses, the test shall be run on a 10 6 2-mg specimen cut froma pellet of the resin as sold or received. The heating rate shallbe 10 6 1C (18 6 1.8F)/min. Two peaks during the initialmelting test are observed occas
36、ionally. In this case, the peaktemperatures shall be reported as Tlfor the lower temperatureand Tufor the upper temperature. The peak temperature of thepeak largest in height shall be reported as the melting point ifa single value is required. If a peak temperature is difficult todiscern from the cu
37、rves, that is, if the peak is rounded ratherthan pointed, straight lines shall be drawn tangent to the sidesof the peak. The temperature corresponding to the point wherethese lines intersect beyond the peak shall be taken as the peaktemperature.11.4 Tensile PropertiesCut five bars with the microtens
38、iledie shown in Fig. 1. The die shall be of the steel rule or solidmetal type of curvature of 5 6 0.5 mm (0.2 6 0.02 in.).Average the test results. Determine the tensile properties inaccordance with the procedures described in Test MethodD638, except that the specimens used shall be as detailed inSe
39、ction 8, the initial jaw separation shall be 22.2 6 0.13 mm(0.875 6 0.005 in.), and the speed of testing shall be 50 6 5mm/min (2 6 0.2 in./min). Clamp the specimen with essen-tially equal lengths in each jaw. Determine the elongation fromthe chart, expressing it as a percentage of the initial jawse
40、paration.NOTE 2In determining elongation from the chart, drop a perpendicu-lar from the break point to the time axis. Measure the distance along thetime axis from the foot of this perpendicular to the beginning of theload-time curve. Then,Elongation, % 5 100d/22.2 or 0.875!m (1)where:d = distance on
41、 chart, mm (in.),m = chart speed magnification,= chart speed/crosshead speed (both in same units), and22.2 = factor when d is in millimetres, or0.875 = factor when d is in inches.In making the test for tensile properties a full-scale load of 22.5 kg (50lb) has been found suitable. If specimens break
42、 quickly, increase the chartspeed so that each curve covers at least 51 mm (2 in.) on the time axis ofthe chart.11.5 Precision and Bias:511.5.1 PrecisionTable 3 is based on a round robin con-ducted in 19851986 in accordance with Practice E691,involving seven materials tested by six laboratories. For
43、 eachmaterial, the sheeting from which the test specimens were to becut was obtained from one source. Using a steel rule die, oneset of test specimens for each laboratory was cut by one of thelaboratories. Sheeting and a duplicate die were furnished eachparticipating laboratory and used to cut a sec
44、ond set of testspecimens. Each test result was the average of five individualdeterminations. Each laboratory obtained four test results oneach material, two test results each on the specimens furnishedand two on the specimens cut by the laboratory doing thetesting.11.5.1.1 The properties used in the
45、 analysis are tensilestrength and elongation at break. (WarningThe followingexplanations of Irand IR(11.5.1.4-11.5.1.6) are intended onlyto present a meaningful way of considering the approximateprecision of this test method. Do not apply rigorously the datain Table 3 to the acceptance or rejection
46、of material as thosedata are specific to the round robin and may not be represen-tative of other lots, conditions, materials, or laboratories.)11.5.1.2 Users of this test method shall apply the principlesoutlined in Practice E691 to generate data specific to their5Supporting data are available from
47、ASTM Headquarters.D2116 07 (2012)3laboratory and materials, or between specific laboratories. Theprinciples of 11.5.1.4-11.5.1.6 would then be valid for suchdata.11.5.1.3 Concept of Irand IRIf CVrand CVRhave beencalculated from a large enough body of data, and for testresults:NOTE 1All Dimensions ar
48、e in millimetres.FIG. 1 Microtensile DieD2116 07 (2012)411.5.1.4 Ir: RepeatabilityIn comparing two test results forthe same material, obtained by the same operator using thesame equipment on the same day, the two test results shall bejudged not equivalent if they differ by more than the Irvalue fort
49、hat material.11.5.1.5 IR: ReproducibilityIn comparing two test resultsfor the same material, obtained by different operators usingdifferent equipment on different days, the two test results shallbe judged not equivalent if they differ by more than the IRvaluefor that material.11.5.1.6 Any judgment in accordance with 11.5.1.4 and11.5.1.5 would have an approximate 95 % (0.95) probability ofbeing correct.11.5.2 BiasBias is systematic error that contributes to thedifference between a test result and a true (or
