1、Designation: D 2116 07Standard Specification forFEP-Fluorocarbon Molding and Extrusion Materials1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2116; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.
2、 A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers melt processable moldin
3、g andextrusion materials of FEP-fluorocarbon resin. This specifica-tion does not cover recycled FEP materials. These FEP resinsare copolymers of tetrafluoroethylene and hexafluoropropyleneor modified FEP-fluorocarbon resins containing not more than2 % by weight of other fluoromonomers.1.2 The values
4、 stated in SI units as detailed in IEEE/ASTMSI-10 are to be regarded as the standard. The values given inparentheses are for information only.NOTE 1Although this specification and ISO 12086-1 andISO 12086-2 differ in approach or detail, data obtained using either aretechnically equivalent.1.3 The fo
5、llowing precautionary caveat pertains only to thetest methods portion, Section 11, of this specification. Thisstandard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the userof this standard to establish appropriate safety and heal
6、thpractices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-tions prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 150 Test Methods for AC Loss Characteristics and Per-mittivity (Dielectric Constant) of Solid Electrical Insula-tionD 618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for TestingD 6
7、38 Test Method for Tensile Properties of PlasticsD 792 Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Rela-tive Density) of Plastics by DisplacementD 883 Terminology Relating to PlasticsD 1238 Test Method for Melt Flow Rates of Thermoplasticsby Extrusion PlastometerD 1600 Terminology for Abbreviated
8、 Terms Relating toPlasticsD 3295 Specification for PTFE Tubing, Miniature Beadingand Spiral Cut TubingD 3418 Test Method for Transition Temperatures and En-thalpies of Fusion and Crystallization of Polymers byDifferential Scanning CalorimetryD 3892 Practice for Packaging/Packing of PlasticsE 691 Pra
9、ctice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test MethodIEEE/ASTM SI-10 Use of the International System of Units(SI): The Modern Metric System32.2 ISO Standards:4ISO 12086-1 PlasticsFluoropolymer Dispersions andMoulding and Extrusion MaterialsPart 1ISO 12086-2 Plastic
10、sFluoropolymer Dispersions andMoulding and Extrusion MaterialsPart 23. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 GeneralThe definitions given in TerminologyD 883 are applicable to this specification.3.1.2 lot, none production run or a uniform blend of twoor more production runs.3.2 Abbreviated Terms:3.2.1 Ge
11、neralThe abbreviated terms given in Terminol-ogy D 1600 are applicable to this specification.4. Classification4.1 This specification covers four types of FEP-fluorocarbon resin supplied in pellet form classified accordingto their melt flow rate.4.2 A one-line system shall be used to specify material
12、scovered by this specification. The system uses predefined cellsto refer to specific aspects of this specification, illustrated asfollows:1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 onPlastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.15 on ThermoplasticMaterials.C
13、urrent edition approved Nov. 1, 2007. Published November 2007. Originallyapproved in 1962. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as D 2116 02.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards vo
14、lume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700,West Conshohocken, PA 194282959.4Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/w
15、ww.ansi.org.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.SpecificationStandard Number : Type : SpecialBlock : : notes: ,Example: Specification D 2116 XX, IFor this
16、example, the line callout would be SpecificationD 2116 XX, I and would specify an FEP-fluorocarbon resinthat has all of the properties listed for that type, grade, and classin the appropriate specified properties or tables, or both, in thespecification identified. A comma is used as the separatorbet
17、ween the standard number and the type.5A provision forspecial notes is included so that other information can beprovided when required. When special notes are used, precedethem with a comma.5. General Requirements5.1 The materials shall be of uniform composition and soprepared as to conform to the r
18、equirements of this specifica-tion.5.2 The material described in this specification shall be freeof foreign matter to such a contamination level as is agreedupon between the purchaser and the seller.6. Detail Requirements6.1 The average test result of the lot shall conform to therequirements prescri
19、bed in Table 1 and Table 2 when tested bythe procedures specified herein. Table 2 lists those testsrequiring a specimen molded as described in Section 8.7. Sampling7.1 Sampling shall be statistically adequate to satisfy re-quirements of 13.1.1.8. Test Specimens8.1 Prepare a molded sheet 1.5 6 0.3 mm
20、 (0.0606 0.010in.) thick. Use a picture-frame-type chase having a suitableblanked-out section and thickness to produce the desired sheet.Use clean aluminum foil, 0.13 to 0.18 mm (0.005 to 0.007 in.)thick, in contact with the resin. A high-temperature moldrelease agent shall be sprayed on the aluminu
21、m foil to helpprevent the foil from sticking to the sheet. Use steel moldingplates at least 1.0 mm (0.040 in.) thick and of an area adequateto cover the chase.8.2 Lay down and smoothly cover one plate with a sheet ofaluminum foil. Place the mold chase on top of this assembly.Place within the mold ch
22、ase sufficient molding material toproduce the required sheet in such a manner that the polymercharge is a mound in the middle of the chase. Place a secondsheet of aluminum foil on top of the granules and add the topmold plate. Place the assembly in a compression molding presshaving platens that have
23、 been heated to 372 6 5C (702 69F).8.3 Bring the platens to incipient contact with the moldassembly. Hold for 2 to 4 min without pressure. Applyapproximately 1 MPa (145 psi) and hold for 1 to 1.5 min. Thenapply 2 to 4 MPa (290 to 580 psi) and hold for 1 to 1.5 min.Maintain the press at 372 6 5C (702
24、 6 9F) during thesesteps. Remove the assembly from the press and place betweentwo 20 6 7-mm (0.75 6 0.25-in.) steel plates whose tempera-ture is less than 40C (104F).8.4 When the sheet is cool enough to touch (about 50 to60C (122 to 140F), remove aluminum foil from the sheet. (Ifthe sheet is allowed
25、 to cool to room temperature, the aluminumfoil cannot be pulled free.)5See the ASTM Form and Style Manual, available from ASTM Headquarters.TABLE 1 Detail Requirements for Test on Molding MaterialsTypeITypeIITypeIIITypeIVMelt flow rate, g/10 min:Load, 5000 g:Min 4.0 12.0 0.8 2.0Max 12.0 . 2.0 3.9TAB
26、LE 2 Detail Requirements for Molded Test SpecimensType I Type II Type III Type IVSpecific gravity 23/23C (73/73F)Min 2.12 2.12 2.12 2.12Max 2.17 2.17 2.17 2.17Melting point, C 260 6 20 260 6 20 260 6 20 260 6 20Tensile strength, 23C (73F), min:MPa 17.3 14.5 20.7 18.7psi 2500 2100 3000 2700Elongation
27、, 23C (73F), min, % 275 240 275 275Dielectric constant, max:At 103Hz 2.15 2.15 2.15 2.15At 106Hz 2.15 2.15 2.15 2.15Dissipation factor, max:At 103Hz 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003At 106Hz0.0007 0.0009 0.00070.0007D21160729. Conditioning9.1 For tests of specific gravity and tensile properties,condition
28、the molded test specimens in accordance withProcedure A of Practice D 618 for a period of at least 4 h priorto test. The other tests require no conditioning.9.2 Conduct tests at the Standard Laboratory Temperature of23 6 2C (73.4 6 3.6F) for determination of specific gravityand tensile properties on
29、ly. Since this resin does not absorbwater, the maintenance of constant humidity during testing isnot necessary. Conduct tests for melt flow rate and meltingpoint under ordinary laboratory conditions.10. Packaging and Marking10.1 PackagingThe resin pellets shall be packaged instandard commercial cont
30、ainers so constructed as to ensureacceptance by common or other carriers for safe transportationto the point of delivery, unless otherwise specified in thecontract or order.10.2 MarkingShipping containers shall be marked withthe name of the material, type, and quantity contained therein.10.3 All pac
31、king, packaging, and marking provisions ofPractice D 3892 shall apply to this specification.11. Test Methods11.1 Melt Flow Rate:11.1.1 Principle of Test MethodThe melt flow rate isdetermined at 372 6 1C using Procedure A or B described inTest Method D 1238. The extrusion plastometer to be used isdes
32、cribed in Test Method D 1238 modified by use of corrosionresistant alloy for the barrel lining, orifice, piston tip, and orficesecuring device. Use pellets or pieces of approximately thesame size cut from molded or extruded forms. Strips about 6mm (14 in.) by 76 mm (3 in.) long also load readily int
33、o thebarrel. Refer to Table 2 or Table 3 of Test Method D 1238 forthe amount of charge which shall be adjusted accordingly withmelt density of FEP being used. Usually the charge amount is5 to 15 g. Flow rate is measured using a load of 5000 g. Collectfive successive cuts for the manual method.11.2 S
34、pecific GravityDetermine the specific gravity on aspecimen approximately 25.4 by 38 mm (1 by 1.5 in.) blankedor cut from the molded plaque (Section 8) in accordance withthe procedures described in Test Methods D 792. Add 2 dropsof a wetting agent to the water in order to reduce the surfacetension an
35、d ensure complete wetting of the specimen.11.3 Melting Point:11.3.1 Melting Characteristics by Thermal AnalysisUsedifferential scanning calorimetry (DSC) as described in TestMethod D 3418 for this determination. For specification pur-poses, the test shall be run on a 10 6 2-mg specimen cut froma pel
36、let of the resin as sold or received. The heating rate shallbe 10 6 1C (18 6 1.8F)/min. Two peaks during the initialmelting test are observed occasionally. In this case, the peaktemperatures shall be reported as Tlfor the lower temperatureand Tufor the upper temperature. The peak temperature of thep
37、eak largest in height shall be reported as the melting point ifa single value is required. If a peak temperature is difficult todiscern from the curves, that is, if the peak is rounded ratherthan pointed, straight lines shall be drawn tangent to the sidesof the peak. The temperature corresponding to
38、 the point wherethese lines intersect beyond the peak shall be taken as the peaktemperature.11.4 Tensile PropertiesCut five bars with the microtensiledie shown in Fig. 1. The die shall be of the steel rule or solidmetal type of curvature of 5 6 0.5 mm (0.2 6 0.02 in.).Average the test results. Deter
39、mine the tensile properties inaccordance with the procedures described in Test MethodD 638, except that the specimens used shall be as detailed inSection 8, the initial jaw separation shall be 22.2 6 0.13 mm(0.875 6 0.005 in.), and the speed of testing shall be 50 6 5mm/min (26 0.2 in./min). Clamp t
40、he specimen with essentiallyequal lengths in each jaw. Determine the elongation from thechart, expressing it as a percentage of the initial jaw separation.NOTE 2In determining elongation from the chart, drop a perpendicu-lar from the break point to the time axis. Measure the distance along thetime a
41、xis from the foot of this perpendicular to the beginning of theload-time curve. Then,Elongation, % 5 100d/22.2 or 0.875!m (1)where:d = distance on chart, mm (in.),m = chart speed magnification,= chart speed/crosshead speed (both in same units), and22.2 = factor when d is in millimetres, or0.875 = fa
42、ctor when d is in inches.In making the test for tensile properties a full-scale load of 22.5 kg (50lb) has been found suitable. If specimens break quickly, increase the chartspeed so that each curve covers at least 51 mm (2 in.) on the time axis ofthe chart.11.5 Precision and Bias:611.5.1 PrecisionT
43、able 3 is based on a round robin con-ducted in 19851986 in accordance with Practice E 691,involving seven materials tested by six laboratories. For eachmaterial, the sheeting from which the test specimens were to becut was obtained from one source. Using a steel rule die, oneset of test specimens fo
44、r each laboratory was cut by one of thelaboratories. Sheeting and a duplicate die were furnished eachparticipating laboratory and used to cut a second set of testspecimens. Each test result was the average of five individualdeterminations. Each laboratory obtained four test results oneach material,
45、two test results each on the specimens furnishedand two on the specimens cut by the laboratory doing thetesting.11.5.1.1 The properties used in the analysis are tensilestrength and elongation at break. (WarningThe followingexplanations of Irand IR(11.5.1.4-11.5.1.6) are intended onlyto present a mea
46、ningful way of considering the approximateprecision of this test method. Do not apply rigorously the datain Table 3 to the acceptance or rejection of material as thosedata are specific to the round robin and may not be represen-tative of other lots, conditions, materials, or laboratories.)6Supportin
47、g data are available from ASTM Headquarters.D211607311.5.1.2 Users of this test method shall apply the principlesoutlined in Practice E 691 to generate data specific to theirlaboratory and materials, or between specific laboratories. Theprinciples of 11.5.1.4-11.5.1.6 would then be valid for suchdat
48、a.11.5.1.3 Concept of Irand IRIf CVrand CVRhave beencalculated from a large enough body of data, and for testresults:11.5.1.4 Ir: RepeatabilityIn comparing two test results forthe same material, obtained by the same operator using theNOTE 1All Dimensions are in millimetres.FIG. 1 Microtensile DieD21
49、16074same equipment on the same day, the two test results shall bejudged not equivalent if they differ by more than the Irvalue forthat material.11.5.1.5 IR: ReproducibilityIn comparing two test resultsfor the same material, obtained by different operators usingdifferent equipment on different days, the two test results shallbe judged not equivalent if they differ by more than the IRvaluefor that material.11.5.1.6 Any judgment in accordance with 11.5.1.4 and11.5.1.5 would have an approximate 95 % (0.95) probabi
