1、Designation: D2116 16Standard Specification forFEP Resin Molding and Extrusion Materials1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2116; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number
2、 in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers melt processable molding and
3、extrusion materials of FEP resin. This specification does notcover recycled FEP materials. These FEP resins are copoly-mers of tetrafluoroethylene and hexafluoropropylene or modi-fied FEPresins containing no more than 2 % by weight of otherfluoromonomers.1.2 The values stated in SI units as detailed
4、 in IEEE/ASTM SI-10 are to be regarded as the standard. The valuesgiven in parentheses are for information only.NOTE 1Although this specification and ISO 12086-1 andISO 12086-2 differ in approach or detail, data obtained using either aretechnically equivalent.1.3 The following precautionary caveat p
5、ertains only to thetest methods portion, Section 11, of this specification. Thisstandard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the userof this standard to establish appropriate safety and healthpractices and determine the
6、applicability of regulatory limita-tions prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D150 Test Methods for AC Loss Characteristics and Permit-tivity (Dielectric Constant) of Solid Electrical InsulationD618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for TestingD638 Test Method for Tensile Propert
7、ies of PlasticsD792 Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Rela-tive Density) of Plastics by DisplacementD883 Terminology Relating to PlasticsD1238 Test Method for Melt Flow Rates of Thermoplasticsby Extrusion PlastometerD1600 Terminology forAbbreviated Terms Relating to Plas-ticsD1708 Test
8、Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics by Useof Microtensile SpecimensD3892 Practice for Packaging/Packing of PlasticsD4591 Test Method for Determining Temperatures andHeats of Transitions of Fluoropolymers by DifferentialScanning CalorimetryE691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study t
9、oDetermine the Precision of a Test MethodIEEE/ASTM SI-10 Use of the International System of Units(SI): The Modern Metric System2.2 ISO Standards:3ISO 12086-1 PlasticsFluoropolymer Dispersions andMoulding and Extrusion MaterialsPart 1ISO 12086-2 PlasticsFluoropolymer Dispersions andMoulding and Extru
10、sion MaterialsPart 23. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 GeneralThe definitions given in Terminology D883are applicable to this specification.3.1.2 lot, none production run or a uniform blend of twoor more production runs.3.2 Abbreviated Terms:3.2.1 GeneralThe abbreviated terms given in Terminol-ogy
11、D1600 are applicable to this specification.4. Classification4.1 This specification covers four types of FEP resin sup-plied in pellet form classified according to their melt flow rate.4.2 A one-line system shall be used to specify materialscovered by this specification. The system uses predefined ce
12、llsto refer to specific aspects of this specification, illustrated asfollows:1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 onPlastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.15 on ThermoplasticMaterials.Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2016. Published September 20
13、16. Originallyapproved in 1962. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as D2116 07(2012).DOI: 10.1520/D2116-16.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the s
14、tandards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Bo
15、x C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1SpecificationStandard Number : Type : SpecialBlock : : notes: ,Example: Specification D2116 XX, IFor this example, the line callout would be SpecificationD2116 XX, I and would specify an FEP resin that has all ofthe properties listed for that t
16、ype, grade, and class in theappropriate specified properties or tables, or both, in thespecification identified. A comma is used as the separatorbetween the standard number and the type.4A provision forspecial notes is included so that other information can beprovided when required. When special not
17、es are used, precedethem with a comma.5. General Requirements5.1 The materials shall be of uniform composition and soprepared as to conform to the requirements of this specifica-tion.5.2 The material described in this specification shall be freeof foreign matter to such a contamination level as is a
18、greedupon between the purchaser and the seller.6. Detail Requirements6.1 The average test result of the lot shall conform to therequirements prescribed in Table 1 and Table 2 when tested bythe procedures specified herein. Table 2 lists those testsrequiring a specimen molded as described in Section 8
19、.7. Sampling7.1 Sampling shall be statistically adequate to satisfy re-quirements of 13.1.1.8. Test Specimens8.1 Prepare a molded sheet 1.5 6 0.3 mm (0.060 6 0.010in.) thick. Use a picture-frame-type chase having a suitableblanked-out section and thickness to produce the desired sheet.Use clean alum
20、inum foil, 0.13 to 0.18 mm (0.005 to 0.007 in.)thick, in contact with the resin. A high-temperature moldrelease agent shall be sprayed on the aluminum foil to helpprevent the foil from sticking to the sheet. Use steel moldingplates at least 1.0 mm (0.040 in.) thick and of an area adequateto cover th
21、e chase.8.2 Lay down and smoothly cover one plate with a sheet ofaluminum foil. Place the mold chase on top of this assembly.Place within the mold chase sufficient molding material toproduce the required sheet in such a manner that the polymercharge is a mound in the middle of the chase. Place a sec
22、ondsheet of aluminum foil on top of the granules and add the topmold plate. Place the assembly in a compression molding presshaving platens that have been heated to 372 6 5C (702 69F).8.3 Bring the platens to incipient contact with the moldassembly. Hold for 2 to 4 min without pressure. Applyapproxi
23、mately 1 MPa (145 psi) and hold for 1 to 1.5 min. Thenapply 2 to 4 MPa (290 to 580 psi) and hold for 1 to 1.5 min.Maintain the press at 372 6 5C (702 6 9F) during thesesteps. Remove the assembly from the press and place betweentwo 20 6 7-mm (0.75 6 0.25-in.) steel plates whose tempera-ture is less t
24、han 40C (104F).8.4 When the sheet is cool enough to touch (about 50 to60C (122 to 140F), remove aluminum foil from the sheet. (Ifthe sheet is allowed to cool to room temperature, the aluminumfoil cannot be pulled free.)9. Conditioning9.1 For tests of specific gravity and tensile properties,condition
25、 the molded test specimens in accordance withProcedure A of Practice D618 for a period of at least 4 h priorto test. The other tests require no conditioning.9.2 Conduct tests at the Standard LaboratoryTemperature of23 6 2C (73.4 6 3.6F) for determination of specific gravityand tensile properties onl
26、y. Since this resin does not absorbwater, the maintenance of constant humidity during testing isnot necessary. Conduct tests for melt flow rate and meltingpoint under ordinary laboratory conditions.4See the ASTM Form and Style Manual, available from ASTM Headquarters.TABLE 1 Detail Requirements for
27、Test on Molding MaterialsTypeITypeIITypeIIITypeIVMelt flow rate, g/10 min:Load, 5000 g:Min 4.0 12.0 0.8 2.0Max 12.0 . 2.0 3.9TABLE 2 Detail Requirements for Molded Test SpecimensType I Type II Type III Type IVSpecific gravity 23/23C (73/73F)Min 2.12 2.12 2.12 2.12Max 2.17 2.17 2.17 2.17Melting point
28、, C 260 20 260 20 260 20 260 20Tensile strength, 23C (73F), min:MPa 17.3 14.5 20.7 18.7psi 2500 2100 3000 2700Elongation, 23C (73F), min, % 275 240 275 275Dielectric constant, max:At 103Hz 2.15 2.15 2.15 2.15At 106Hz 2.15 2.15 2.15 2.15Dissipation factor, max:At 103Hz 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003At 1
29、06Hz 0.0007 0.0009 0.0007 0.0007D2116 16210. Packaging and Marking10.1 PackagingThe resin pellets shall be packaged instandard commercial containers so constructed as to ensureacceptance by common or other carriers for safe transportationto the point of delivery, unless otherwise specified in thecon
30、tract or order.10.2 MarkingShipping containers shall be marked withthe name of the material, type, and quantity contained therein.10.3 All packing, packaging, and marking provisions ofPractice D3892 shall apply to this specification.11. Test Methods11.1 Melt Flow Rate:11.1.1 Principle of Test Method
31、The melt flow rate isdetermined at 372 6 1C using Procedure A or B described inTest Method D1238. The extrusion plastometer to be used isdescribed in Test Method D1238 modified by use of corrosionresistant alloy for the barrel lining, orifice, piston tip, and orficesecuring device. Use pellets or pi
32、eces of approximately thesame size cut from molded or extruded forms. Strips about 6mm (14 in.) by 76 mm (3 in.) long also load readily into thebarrel. Refer to Table 2 or Table 3 of Test Method D1238 forthe amount of charge which shall be adjusted accordingly withmelt density of FEP being used. Usu
33、ally the charge amount is5 to 15 g. Flow rate is measured using a load of 5000 g. Collectfive successive cuts for the manual method.11.2 Specific GravityDetermine the specific gravity on aspecimen approximately 25.4 by 38 mm (1 by 1.5 in.) blankedor cut from the molded plaque (Section 8) in accordan
34、ce withthe procedures described in Test Methods D792. Add 2 dropsof a wetting agent to the water in order to reduce the surfacetension and ensure complete wetting of the specimen.11.3 Melting Point:11.3.1 Melting Characteristics by Thermal AnalysisUsedifferential scanning calorimetry (DSC) as descri
35、bed in TestMethod D4591 for this determination. For specificationpurposes, the test shall be run on a 10 6 2-mg specimen cutfrom a pellet of the resin as sold or received. The heating rateshall be 10 6 1C (18 6 1.8F)/min. Two peaks during theinitial melting test are observed occasionally. In this ca
36、se, thepeak temperatures shall be reported as Tlfor the lowertemperature and Tufor the upper temperature. The peaktemperature of the peak largest in height shall be reported asthe melting point if a single value is required. If a peaktemperature is difficult to discern from the curves, that is, if t
37、hepeak is rounded rather than pointed, straight lines shall bedrawn tangent to the sides of the peak. The temperaturecorresponding to the point where these lines intersect beyondthe peak shall be taken as the peak temperature.11.4 Tensile PropertiesCut five bars with the microtensiledie shown in Fig
38、. 1, which is exactly the same as Fig. 1 of TestMethod D1708. The die shall be of the steel rule or solid metaltype of curvature of 5 6 0.5 mm (0.2 6 0.02 in.). Average thetest results. Determine the tensile properties in accordance withthe procedures described in Test Method D638, except that thesp
39、ecimens used shall be as detailed in Section 8, the initial jawseparation shall be 22.2 6 0.13 mm (0.875 6 0.005 in.), andthe speed of testing shall be 50 6 5 mm/min (2 6 0.2 in./min).Clamp the specimen with essentially equal lengths in each jaw.Determine the elongation from the chart, expressing it
40、 as apercentage of the initial jaw separation.NOTE 2In determining elongation from the chart, drop a perpendicu-lar from the break point to the time axis. Measure the distance along thetime axis from the foot of this perpendicular to the beginning of theload-time curve. Then,Elongation, % 5 100d/22.
41、2 or 0.875!m (1)where:d = distance on chart, mm (in.),m = chart speed magnification,= chart speed/crosshead speed (both in same units), and22.2 = factor when d is in millimetres, or0.875 = factor when d is in inches.In making the test for tensile properties a full-scale load of 22.5 kg(50 lb) has be
42、en found suitable. If specimens break quickly, increase thechart speed so that each curve covers at least 51 mm (2 in.) on the timeaxis of the chart.11.5 Precision and Bias:511.5.1 PrecisionTable 3 is based on a round robin con-ducted in 19851986 in accordance with Practice E691,involving seven mate
43、rials tested by six laboratories. For eachmaterial, the sheeting from which the test specimens were to becut was obtained from one source. Using a steel rule die, oneset of test specimens for each laboratory was cut by one of thelaboratories. Sheeting and a duplicate die were furnished eachparticipa
44、ting laboratory and used to cut a second set of testspecimens. Each test result was the average of five individualdeterminations. Each laboratory obtained four test results oneach material, two test results each on the specimens furnishedand two on the specimens cut by the laboratory doing thetestin
45、g.11.5.1.1 The properties used in the analysis are tensilestrength and elongation at break. (WarningThe followingexplanations of Irand IR(11.5.1.4 11.5.1.6) are intended onlyto present a meaningful way of considering the approximateprecision of this test method. Do not apply rigorously the datain Ta
46、ble 3 to the acceptance or rejection of material as thosedata are specific to the round robin and may not be represen-tative of other lots, conditions, materials, or laboratories.)11.5.1.2 Users of this test method shall apply the principlesoutlined in Practice E691 to generate data specific to thei
47、rlaboratory and materials, or between specific laboratories. Theprinciples of 11.5.1.4 11.5.1.6 would then be valid for suchdata.11.5.1.3 Concept of Irand IRIf CVrand CVRhave beencalculated from a large enough body of data, and for testresults:11.5.1.4 Ir: RepeatabilityIn comparing two test results
48、forthe same material, obtained by the same operator using thesame equipment on the same day, the two test results shall bejudged not equivalent if they differ by more than the Irvalue forthat material.11.5.1.5 IR: ReproducibilityIn comparing two test resultsfor the same material, obtained by differe
49、nt operators using5Supporting data are available from ASTM Headquarters.D2116 163different equipment on different days, the two test results shallbe judged not equivalent if they differ by more than the IRvaluefor that material.11.5.1.6 Any judgment in accordance with 11.5.1.4 and11.5.1.5 would have an approximate 95 % (0.95) probability ofbeing correct.NOTE 1All Dimensions are in millimetres.FIG. 1 Microtensile DieD2116 16411.5.2 BiasBias is systematic error that contributes to thedifference be
