1、Designation: D2172/D2172M 17Standard Test Methods forQuantitative Extraction of Asphalt Binder from AsphaltMixtures1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2172/D2172M; the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of original adoption or, in the case of revision, t
2、he year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 These test methods cover the quantitative determinationof asphalt binder content in asphalt mixtures and pa
3、vementsamples.Aggregate obtained by these methods may be used forsieve analysis using Test Method D5444. This test is notappropriate for testing asphalt mixtures containing coal tar.1.2 Asphalt binder may be recovered using Test MethodD1856, Practice D5404/D5404M, or Practice D7906.1.3 Units The val
4、ues stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Thevalues stated in each system may not be exact equivalents;therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other.Combining values from the two systems may result in noncon-formance with the stand
5、ard.1.4 The text of this standard references notes and footnoteswhich provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes(excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be consideredas requirements of the standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any,
6、 associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazards aregiven in Section 7.NOTE 1The results obtained by these test methods may be
7、 affected bythe age of the material tested, with older samples tending to yield slightlylower asphalt binder content. Best quantitative results are obtained whenthe test is made on mixtures and pavements shortly after their preparation.It is difficult to remove all the asphalt when some aggregates a
8、re used andsome chlorides may remain within the mineral matter affecting themeasured asphalt content.1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of Internation
9、al Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C128 Test Method for Relative Density (Specific Gravity)and Absorption of Fine AggregateC670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bia
10、s Statementsfor Test Methods for Construction MaterialsD70 Test Method for Density of Semi-Solid BituminousMaterials (Pycnometer Method)D604 Specification for Diatomaceous Silica Pigment (With-drawn 2003)3D979/D979M Practice for Sampling Bituminous PavingMixturesD1461 Test Method for Moisture or Vol
11、atile Distillates inBituminous Paving MixturesD1856 Test Method for Recovery of Asphalt From Solutionby Abson MethodD2111 Test Methods for Specific Gravity and Density ofHalogenated Organic Solvents and Their AdmixturesD3666 Specification for Minimum Requirements for Agen-cies Testing and Inspecting
12、 Road and Paving MaterialsD4753 Guide for Evaluating, Selecting, and Specifying Bal-ances and Standard Masses for Use in Soil, Rock, andConstruction Materials TestingD5404/D5404M Practice for Recovery of Asphalt from So-lution Using the Rotary EvaporatorD5444 Test Method for Mechanical Size Analysis
13、 of Ex-tracted AggregateD6368 Specification for Vapor-Degreasing Solvents Basedon normal-Propyl Bromide and Technical Grade normal-Propyl BromideD7906 Practice for Recovery of Asphalt from SolutionUsing Toluene and the Rotary Evaporator1These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee
14、 D04 onRoad and Paving Materials and are the direct responsibilities of SubcommitteeD04.25 on Analysis of Asphalt Mixtures.Current edition approved April 1, 2017. Published April 2017. Originallyapproved in 1963. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as D2172/D2172M 11.DOI: 10.1520/D2172_D2172M-17.
15、2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is ref
16、erenced onwww.astm.org.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for
17、theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.12.2 AASHTO Standards:R47 Practice for Reducing Samples of Hot Mix Asphalt(HMA) to Testing Size43. Summary of Test Methods3.1 The asphalt mixture i
18、s extracted with trichloroethylene(TCE), normal propyl bromide (nPB), or methylene chlorideusing the extraction equipment applicable to the particularmethod. The asphalt binder content is calculated by differencefrom the mass of the extracted aggregate, moisture content, ifdetermined, and mineral ma
19、tter in the effluent (binder-solventsolution). The asphalt binder content is expressed as masspercent of moisture-free mixtures.4. Significance and Use4.1 All of these test methods can be used for quantitativedeterminations of asphalt binder in asphalt mixtures andpavement samples for specification
20、acceptance, serviceevaluation, control, and research. Each method prescribes thesolvent or solvents and any other reagents that can be used inthe test method.NOTE 2Further testing of the asphalt mixture may be performed byusing sieve analysis on the extracted aggregate, Test Method D5444,orrecoverin
21、g the extracted asphalt binder from solution by Test MethodD1856, Practice D5404/D5404M, or Practice D7906 for asphalt binderproperty testing. When recovering the asphalt binder for property testing,all mineral matter should be removed from the effluent.NOTE 3The quality of the results produced by t
22、his standard aredependent on the competence of the personnel performing the procedureand the capability, calibration, and maintenance of the equipment used.Agencies that meet the criteria of Specification D3666 are generallyconsidered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection, e
23、tc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance withSpecification D3666 alone does not completely ensure reliable results.Reliable results depend on many factors; following the suggestions ofSpecification D3666 or some similar acceptable guideline provides ameans of evaluating and controlli
24、ng some of those factors.5. Apparatus5.1 Oven, capable of maintaining the temperature at 110 65 C 230 6 9 F.5.2 Pan, large enough that the asphalt mixture can be spreadout in a thin layer over the bottom of the pan.5.3 Balance, readable to 0.1 g, and capable of measuring themass of sample and contai
25、ner. The balance shall conform to therequirement of Guide D4753, Class GP2.5.4 Analytical Balance, readable to 0.001 g and capable ofmeasuring the mass of the sample and container.5.5 Electric Hot Plate, thermostatically controlled, of suffi-cient dimensions and heat capacity to permit evaporating o
26、rrefluxing of the solvent.5.6 Small-Mouth Graduate Container, 1000- or 2000-mLcapacity. Optional small-mouth graduate, 100-mL capacity.5.7 Ignition Dish, 125-mL capacity.5.8 Desiccator, a container with a lid of sufficient size tohold the ignition dish on a perforated drying rack above the toplevel
27、of the desiccant. The lid should form a good seal aroundthe top of the container so that air movement between thecontainer and the atmosphere is prevented6. Reagents6.1 Purity of ReagentsReagent grade chemicals shall beused in all tests. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended thatall reagents sh
28、all conform to the specifications of the Commit-tee onAnalytical Reagents of theAmerican Chemical Society,5where such specifications are available. Other grades may beused, provided it is first ascertained that the reagent is ofsufficiently high purity to permit its use without lessening theaccuracy
29、 of the determination.NOTE 4Reagents that have exceeded the expiration date should not beused for asphalt mixtures that require asphalt binder property testing. Theuse of expired solvents may adversely affect the results of asphalt binderproperty testing.6.2 Not all solvents (reagents) are applicabl
30、e to all of theextraction methods detailed in this standard. Each extractionmethod identifies the specific solvents that can be used.6.3 Ammonium Carbonate SolutionSaturated solution ofreagent grade ammonium carbonate (NH4)2CO3.6.4 normal-Propyl Bromide (nPB), conforming to Specifi-cation D6368. War
31、ningSee Section 7.6.5 Toluene, reagent grade. WarningSee Section 7.6.6 Trichloroethylene (TCE), technical grade, Type 1, Fed-eral Specification O-T-634, latest revision. WarningSeeSection 7.6.7 Methylene Chloride, reagent grade. WarningSee Sec-tion 7.6.8 Diatomaceous Silica Filtering Aid, conforming
32、 to TypeB of Specification D604.6.9 Ethyl Alcohol, denatured.7. Hazards7.1 WarningThe solvents listed in Section 6 should beused only under a hood or with an effective surface exhaustsystem in a well-ventilated area, since they are toxic to variousdegrees. Consult the current Threshold Limit Concent
33、rationCommittee of the American Conference of GovernmentalIndustrial Hygienists6for the current threshold limit values.8. Sampling8.1 Obtain samples in accordance with Practice D979/D979M.4Available from American Association of State Highway and TransportationOfficials (AASHTO), 444 N. Capitol St.,
34、NW, Suite 249, Washington, DC 20001,http:/www.transportation.org.5Reagent Chemicals, American Chemical Society Specifications, AmericanChemical Society, Washington, DC. For suggestions on the testing of reagents notlisted by the American Chemical Society, see Analar Standards for LaboratoryChemicals
35、, BDH Ltd., Poole, Dorset, U.K., and the United States Pharmacopeiaand National Formulary, U.S. Pharmacopeial Convention, Inc. (USPC), Rockville,MD.6Available from American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists(ACGIH), 1330 Kemper Meadow Dr., Cincinnati, OH 45240, http:/www.acgih.org.D217
36、2/D2172M 1728.2 Preparation of Test Specimens:8.2.1 Separate sample by hand spatula or trowel, then splitand reduce sample to required testing size in accordance toAASHTO R47. If sample is not able to be separated or split,place sample in a large, flat pan and warm to 110 6 5 C 2306 9 F, only heatin
37、g the mixture until it is pliable enough toseparate. Split or quarter the material until the mass of materialrequired for test is obtained and determine the mass of thesample, W1.NOTE 5In some cases, polymer modified mixtures need to be warmedat temperatures higher than 110 C 230 F in order to split
38、 or quarter themix. In all cases, the minimum temperature for the minimum time neededto split the mixture should be used so that any aging to the asphalt binderis minimized.8.2.2 The size of the test sample shall be governed by thenominal maximum aggregate size of the mixture and shallconform to the
39、 mass requirement shown in Table 1 (Note 6).NOTE 6When the mass of the test specimen exceeds the capacity ofthe equipment used (for a particular method), the test specimen may bedivided into suitable increments, tested, and the masses of each incrementcombined before calculating the asphalt binder c
40、ontent (Section 14).8.2.3 If the sample was obtained from the field and containsmoisture, oven dry the HMA sample to a constant mass at atemperature of 110 6 5 C 230 6 9 F or determine themoisture content of the sample according to Test MethodD1461, so that the measured mass loss can be corrected fo
41、rmoisture. Record mass loss as W2. Constant mass is defined asless than 0.05 % loss in mass between consecutive 15-minintervals.9. Test Method A Centrifuge Extraction9.1 Apparatus:9.1.1 In addition to the apparatus listed in Section 5, thefollowing apparatus is required for Test Method A:9.1.1.1 Ext
42、raction Apparatus, of appropriate size to revolvea bowl of approximate dimensions as shown in Figs. 1 and 2,which can be controlled by the apparatus at variable speeds upto 3600 r/min. The speed may be controlled manually or witha preset speed control. The apparatus should be provided witha containe
43、r for catching the effluent thrown from the bowl anda drain for removing the effluent. The apparatus shall beinstalled in a hood or an effective surface exhaust system toprovide ventilation.9.1.1.2 Filter Rings, felt or paper, to fit the rim of the bowl.9.1.1.3 Low-ash paper filter rings may be used
44、 in place ofthe felt filter ring (9.1.1.2). Such filter rings shall consist oflow-ash filter paper stock approximately 1.3 mm thick. Thenominal base weight of the paper shall be 150 6 14 kg (330 630 lb) for a 500-sheet ream with sheet size approximately 635by 965 mm (25 by 38 in.). The ash content o
45、f the paper shallnot exceed 0.2 % (approximately 0.034 g per ring).9.2 Procedure:9.2.1 Prepare the sample and determine the moisture con-tent of the material in accordance with Section 8.9.2.2 Place a dry sample of 500- to 3000-g test portion intoa bowl. Alternatively, place a test portion in a bowl
46、 that hasbeen previously dried to a constant mass with the filter ring.9.2.3 TCE, nPB, or toluene solvents can be used with thisextraction method.9.2.4 Place the bowl containing the test portion onto theextraction apparatus. Cover the test portion in the bowl withsolvent and allow sufficient time fo
47、r the solvent to disintegratethe test portion (not over 1 h). Dry and determine the mass ofthe filter ring and fit it around the edge of the bowl. Position lidon the bowl and tighten setscrew. Clamp the cover on the bowltightly and place a beaker under the drain to collect the effluent.9.2.5 Start t
48、he centrifuge revolving slowly and graduallyincrease the speed to a maximum of 3600 r/min or until solventceases to flow from the drain. Allow the machine to stop, add200 mL of solvent and repeat the procedure. Use sufficientsolvent additions (not less than three) so that the extract is notdarker th
49、an a light straw color. Collect the effluent and thewashings in a graduate container.NOTE 7Additions of solvent greater than 200 mL may be used asappropriate for the size of the sample.9.2.6 Drying Procedures:9.2.6.1 Remove lid from centrifuge bowl, leaving bowl,sample and filter in place. Allow the extracted aggregate to airdry for 15 to 30 min in the ventilated hood. Place bowl, filterring, and extracted sample into an exhaust oven at 110 6 5C230 6 9Ffor1to2htoevaporate remaining solvent. Coolbowl, filter ring, and extracted aggregate and
