1、Designation: D 2205 85 (Reapproved 2004)Standard Guide forSelection of Tests for Traffic Paints1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2205; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.
2、A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This guide covers the selection and use of proceduresfor testing traffic paints in the laboratory and in the field.1.2 This guide co
3、vers the testing of a ready-mixed paintproduct of sprayable consistency that shall be suitable for useas a reflecting traffic guide on paved roadways.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.4 This standard does no
4、t purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standard
5、s:2C 219 Terminology Relating to Hydraulic CementD 8 Terminology Relating to Materials for Roads and Pave-mentsD 16 Terminology for Paint, Related Coatings, Materials,and ApplicationsD 154 Guide for Testing VarnishesD 185 Test Methods for Coarse Particles in Pigments,Pastes, and PaintsD 215 Practice
6、 for Chemical Analysis of White Linseed OilPaintsD 562 Test Method for Consistency of Paints MeasuringKrebs Unit (KU) Viscosity Using a Stormer-Type Viscom-eterD 711 Test Method for No-Pick-Up Time of Traffic PaintD 713 Practice for Conducting Road Service Tests on FluidTraffic Marking MaterialsD 86
7、8 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Bleeding ofTraffic PaintD 869 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Settling ofPaintD 870 Practice for Testing Water Resistance of CoatingsUsing Water ImmersionD 913 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Resistance toWear of Traffic PaintD 968 Test Methods for Ab
8、rasion Resistance of OrganicCoatings by Falling AbrasiveD 969 Test Method for Laboratory Determination of Degreeof Bleeding of Traffic PaintD 1210 Test Method for Fineness of Dispersion of Pigment-Vehicle Systems by Hegman-Type GageD 1309 Test Method for Settling Properties of Traffic PaintsDuring S
9、torageD 1475 Test Method for Density of Liquid Coatings, Inks,and Related ProductsD 1644 Test Methods for Nonvolatile Content of VarnishesD 1647 Test Methods for Resistance of Dried Films ofVarnishes to Water and AlkaliD 1729 Practice for Visual Appraisal of Colors and ColorDifferences of Diffusely-
10、Illuminated Opaque MaterialsD 1737 Test Method for Elongation of Attached OrganicCoatings with Cylindrical Mandrel Apparatus3D 2244 Practice for Calculation of Color Tolerances andColor Differences from Instrumentally Measured ColorCoordinatesD 2371 Test Method for Pigment Content of Solvent-Reducib
11、le PaintsD 2372 Practice for Separation of Vehicle from Solvent-Reducible PaintsD 4061 Test Method for Retroreflectance of HorizontalCoatingsE 97 Test Method for Directional Reflectance Factor, 45-deg 0-deg, of Opaque Specimens by Broad-Band FilterReflectometry3E 308 Practice for Computing the Color
12、s of Objects byUsing the CIE System1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint andRelated Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D01.44 on Traffic Coatings.Current edition approved July 1, 2004. Published July 2004. Originally a
13、pprovedin 1963. Last previous edition approved in 1998 as D 2205 85 (1998).2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe
14、 ASTM website.3Withdrawn.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.2.2 U.S. Federal Test Methods Standard 141B:44121 Dry Opacity3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions used in this guide, refer toTerminology C 219, D 8, an
15、d D 16.4. Summary of Guide4.1 This guide consists of the following tests that, althoughnot exhaustive, cover the areas normally of concern in trafficpaint testing:SectionsLiquid Paint Properties 6 through 11Application and Appearance Properties 12 through 17Properties of the Dried Film 18 through 20
16、Analysis of Paint 21 through 24Field Evaluations 25 through 295. Conditions Affecting Traffic Paint5.1 Practical requirements for traffic paint may vary with:5.1.1 Substrate type, such as portland cement and asphalticconcretes, and the various coarse aggregates used therein.5.1.2 Climatic conditions
17、, both generally and specifically, atthe time of paint application.5.1.3 Service density, such as heavy traffic areas in citiesversus lightly traveled rural highways and parking lots.5.1.4 Traffic type, whether light passenger cars or heavytrucks and airplanes.5.1.5 Presence of foreign matter on the
18、 road surface, such asoil, old paint, skid marks, sand, salt, concrete curing com-pound, etc.5.2 New portland cement concrete surfaces have a greaterdegree of moisture and alkalinity than older surfaces andthereby adversely affect paint adhesion. Paint adhesion is alsoaffected by the ratio of cement
19、 to fine aggregate, coarseaggregate, and mixing water, as well as by the surfacecharacter of the aggregate that can range from impervioussmooth quartz to irregular, porous slag.LIQUID PAINT PROPERTIES6. Skinning6.1 Paints containing a binder that dries by oxidation aresubject to skin formation in a
20、partially filled can or by diffusionof air into a filled can. Since skins are insoluble in the paintthey must be removed before use. The referenced test employsa partially filled container to indicate the tendency of a paint toskin. A typical minimum time for skinning is 18 to 24 h.6.2 Examine the o
21、riginal sample for skins both on thesurface and in the mass. Using a well-mixed, skin-free portionof the sample, perform a skinning test in accordance withGuide D 154, except use a 0.5-L (1-pt) friction-top can insteadof an 0.25-L (8-oz) jar.7. Coarse Particles7.1 Paints must be free of oversize par
22、ticles and foreignmatter to avoid clogging application equipment, a typicalmaximum being 1 % by weight of total paint. The referencedtest with a 325-mesh (45-m) screen gives the percent of thismaterial in the paint.7.2 Determine coarse particles in accordance with TestMethods D 185.NOTE 1This test i
23、s not used for traffic paint containing pre-mixedglass beads.8. Fineness of Dispersion8.1 The more finely a pigment is dispersed, the moreefficiently it is being used. One method for measuring thedegree of dispersion (commonly referred to as “fineness ofgrind”) is to draw the material down a calibra
24、ted, taperedgroove in a hardened steel block with the groove varying indepth from 4 to 0 mils (100 to 0 m). The point at whichcontinuous groupings of particles or agglomerates, or both,protrude through the surface of the liquid is taken as thefineness reading. Lower readings in mils or micrometres o
25、rhigher reading in Hegman units indicate better fineness ofdispersion.8.2 Fineness of grind is not generally specified for trafficpaint but some application equipment may require a limit of 1to 2 Hegman units (3 to 3.5 mils, 75 to 90 m). If additionalassurance is needed that the paint will not clog
26、applicationequipment, determine the fineness in accordance with TestMethod D 1210 after reducing the traffic paint with mineralspirits, or compatible aromatic solvent with a similar evapora-tion rate, to keep the film wet long enough to determine the endpoint more easily. When a premix traffic paint
27、 is being tested,conduct the test on the paint before addition of the beads.9. Density or Weight per Gallon9.1 Density as measured by weight per unit volume is not aperformance characteristic but is used to check product unifor-mity from batch to batch. A calibrated weight per gallon cup isused.9.2
28、For an unbeaded paint, determine the density in accor-dance with Test Method D 1475.9.3 For beaded paints, use a special weight-per-gallon cup5having a modified cap so that the beads do not interfere with asnug fit of the cap to the cup. Proceed in accordance with TestMethod D 1475.10. Consistency10
29、.1 Paints of a given type should fall within a statedconsistency range as agreed upon between the purchaser andthe seller. Consistency is used mainly to ensure productuniformity. Improper consistency, however, can adverselyaffect application properties, and in turn, paint performance.4Available from
30、 Standardization Documents Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4,Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-50985The sole source of supply of the satisfactory modified cup known to thecommittee at this time is BYK-Gardner, Inc., Gardner Laboratory, 2435 LindenLane, Silver Spring, MD 20910. If you are
31、 aware of alternative suppliers, pleaseprovide this information to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments willreceive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical committee,1which you may attend.D 2205 85 (2004)210.2 Determine consistency using the Stormer viscometer inacc
32、ordance with Test Method D 562. If the requirement is inKrebs units, Table 1 of Test Method D 562 permits changingseconds to KU.11. Package Stability11.1 Since paints are not normally used immediately aftermanufacture, they must remain stable in the can for some time,which for traffic paints does no
33、t generally exceed 6 months.Although package stability can usually be determined byalternatively heating and cooling a specimen, occasionally theresults do not coincide with storage at normal temperature. Thereferenced methods determine the degree of pigment settlingafter 2 weeks cycling or after 6
34、months storage at roomtemperature. These are usually sufficient as it is difficult to ratenumerically the ease of redispersing an aged traffic paint.11.2 Determine the degree of pigment settling in the accel-erated test in accordance with Test Method D 1309. Determinethe degree of pigment settling a
35、nd ease of remixing a shelf-aged specimen in accordance with Test Method D 869.APPLICATION AND APPEARANCE PROPERTIES12. Drying Time12.1 The drying time of a traffic paint is particularlyimportant because it determines how quickly a lane can beopened to free flow of traffic without the paint being tr
36、ansferredto adjacent pavement.12.2 Though no-pick-up time as determined by Test MethodD 711 has no direct correlation with field application, it isemployed as a quality control test.13. Bleeding13.1 Bleeding refers to the passage of colored matter suchas bitumen from an asphalt pavement through the
37、traffic paintfilm. It is a function of the age of the asphalt, its compatibilitywith the paint, and the speed of drying of the paint. Typicaltraffic paints give results of 6 to 10 on an arbitrary scale ofphotographic standards where 10 is no bleeding and 2 isconsiderable bleeding. Determine bleeding
38、 in accordance withTest Methods D 868 and D 969.14. Hiding Power14.1 Hiding power or opacity is a measure of the ability ofa paint to hide the substrate. It varies, naturally, with thethickness of the applied film that may be influenced by the flowand application properties of the paint.14.2 Determi
39、ne the dry hiding power of traffic paints inaccordance with Procedure A, Method 4121 of U.S. FederalTest Method Standard 141B. (This method is being rewritten inASTM form.)15. Color and Color Difference15.1 The color of a paint may be determined precisely bymeans of a spectrophotometer. However, the
40、 exact color is notusually as important as how closely a paint matches a standard.Color difference between a product and a standard can bedetermined visually or with less elaborate instruments than forcolor measurement. Visual comparison of color is fast andoften acceptable although numerical values
41、 are not obtained.Color difference instruments, while not more sensitive than theeye, provide numerical values that can be subsequently com-pared to later measurements.15.2 If required, determine the color in terms of tristimulusvalues or chromaticity coordinates in accordance with PracticeE 308.15.
42、3 Determine color difference by visual comparisonagainst standard color chips6in accordance with PracticeD 1729. This practice covers the spectral photometric, andgeometric characteristics of light source, illuminating andviewing conditions, size of specimens, and general proceduresto be used in the
43、 visual evaluation of color differences ofopaque materials.15.4 Determine color difference instrumentally in accor-dance with Practice D 2244. The method covers the instrumen-tal measurement of small color differences observable indaylight illumination between nonfluorescent, nonmetameric,opaque sur
44、faces.16. Reflectance16.1 Reflectance is a measure of the light reflected from thesurface of a paint. It determines which of two specimensappears lighter when viewed in average daylight at an anglethat eliminates gloss effects.16.2 Determine the green filter reflectance in accordancewith Test Method
45、 E 97.17. Night Visibility or Retroreflectance of Beaded Paintsat Low Angles17.1 This property is important to traffic paint but visibilityat night is not related to daylight reflectance. The retroreflec-tance evaluation of test panels coated with traffic paint shouldbe in accordance with Test Metho
46、d D 4061. Such panels canserve as controls in monitoring the application of traffic paintand can be helpful in correlating visual ratings with absolutevalues.PROPERTIES OF THE DRIED FILM18. Resistance to Wear18.1 Resistance to wear is a measure of the ability of thedried film to withstand wear from
47、traffic and from objectsrolled or pulled across the surface. In the referenced methodabrasive is poured onto a dry film on a glass panel until thepaint is removed. A typical value for traffic paint is 65 L of sandfor removal of a 75-m (3-mil) dry film. Determine resistanceto wear in accordance with
48、Test Method D 913.18.2 Using unbeaded traffic paint, determine the abrasionresistance to falling sand or silicon carbide in accordance withTest Methods D 968.6The sole source of supply of the standard yellow color chips known to thecommittee at this time is Traffic Control Systems Div., HTO-20, Offi
49、ce of TrafficOperations, Federal Highway Administration, Washington, DC 20590. If you areaware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM Interna-tional Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meetingof the responsible technical committee,1which you may attend.D 2205 85 (2004)319. Elongation19.1 Elongation is a measure of the flexibility of a paintfilm. Traffic paints may have difficulty in meeting the refer-enced test if they are over-pigmented to obtain high reflectance.19.2 Using unbeaded traffic paint, determine the flexi
