1、Designation: D2205 85 (Reapproved 2010)Standard Guide forSelection of Tests for Traffic Paints1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2205; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A
2、number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This guide covers the selection and use of proceduresfor testing traffic paints in the laboratory and in the field.1.2 This guide cover
3、s the testing of a ready-mixed paintproduct of sprayable consistency that shall be suitable for useas a reflecting traffic guide on paved roadways.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.4 This standard does not p
4、urport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2
5、C219 Terminology Relating to Hydraulic CementD8 Terminology Relating to Materials for Roads and Pave-mentsD16 Terminology for Paint, Related Coatings, Materials,and ApplicationsD154 Guide for Testing VarnishesD185 Test Methods for Coarse Particles in PigmentsD215 Practice for the Chemical Analysis o
6、f White LinseedOil Paints3D562 Test Method for Consistency of Paints MeasuringKrebs Unit (KU) Viscosity Using a Stormer-Type Viscom-eterD711 Test Method for No-Pick-Up Time of Traffic PaintD713 Practice for Conducting Road Service Tests on FluidTraffic Marking MaterialsD868 Practice for Determinatio
7、n of Degree of Bleeding ofTraffic PaintD869 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Settling ofPaintD870 Practice for Testing Water Resistance of CoatingsUsing Water ImmersionD913 Practice for Evaluating Degree of Traffic Paint LineWearD968 Test Methods for Abrasion Resistance of OrganicCoatings by Fal
8、ling AbrasiveD969 Test Method for Laboratory Determination of Degreeof Bleeding of Traffic Paint3D1210 Test Method for Fineness of Dispersion of Pigment-Vehicle Systems by Hegman-Type GageD1309 Test Method for Settling Properties of Traffic PaintsDuring StorageD1475 Test Method For Density of Liquid
9、 Coatings, Inks,and Related ProductsD1644 Test Methods for Nonvolatile Content of VarnishesD1647 Test Methods for Resistance of Dried Films ofVarnishes to Water and Alkali3D1729 Practice for Visual Appraisal of Colors and ColorDifferences of Diffusely-Illuminated Opaque MaterialsD1737 Test Method fo
10、r Elongation of Attached OrganicCoatings with Cylindrical Mandrel Apparatus3D2244 Practice for Calculation of Color Tolerances andColor Differences from Instrumentally Measured ColorCoordinatesD2371 Test Method for Pigment Content of Solvent-Reducible PaintsD2372 Practice for Separation of Vehicle F
11、rom Solvent-Reducible PaintsD4061 Test Method for Retroreflectance of HorizontalCoatingsE97 Test Method for Directional Reflectance Factor, 45-deg0-deg, of Opaque Specimens by Broad-Band Filter Reflec-tometry3E308 Practice for Computing the Colors of Objects byUsing the CIE System1This guide is unde
12、r the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint andRelated Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D01.44 on Traffic Coatings.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2010. Published December 2010. Originallyapproved in 1963. Last previous edition approved in
13、2004 as D2205 85 (2004).DOI: 10.1520/D2205-85R10.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Withdrawn.
14、The last approved version of this historical standard is referencedon www.astm.org.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.2.2 U.S. Federal Test Methods Standard 141B:44121 Dry Opacity3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definiti
15、ons used in this guide, refer toTerminology C219, D8, and D16.4. Summary of Guide4.1 This guide consists of the following tests that, althoughnot exhaustive, cover the areas normally of concern in trafficpaint testing:SectionsLiquid Paint Properties 6 through 11Application and Appearance Properties
16、12 through 17Properties of the Dried Film 18 through 20Analysis of Paint 21 through 24Field Evaluations 25 through 295. Conditions Affecting Traffic Paint5.1 Practical requirements for traffic paint may vary with:5.1.1 Substrate type, such as portland cement and asphalticconcretes, and the various c
17、oarse aggregates used therein.5.1.2 Climatic conditions, both generally and specifically, atthe time of paint application.5.1.3 Service density, such as heavy traffic areas in citiesversus lightly traveled rural highways and parking lots.5.1.4 Traffic type, whether light passenger cars or heavytruck
18、s and airplanes.5.1.5 Presence of foreign matter on the road surface, such asoil, old paint, skid marks, sand, salt, concrete curing com-pound, etc.5.2 New portland cement concrete surfaces have a greaterdegree of moisture and alkalinity than older surfaces andthereby adversely affect paint adhesion
19、. Paint adhesion is alsoaffected by the ratio of cement to fine aggregate, coarseaggregate, and mixing water, as well as by the surfacecharacter of the aggregate that can range from impervioussmooth quartz to irregular, porous slag.LIQUID PAINT PROPERTIES6. Skinning6.1 Paints containing a binder tha
20、t dries by oxidation aresubject to skin formation in a partially filled can or by diffusionof air into a filled can. Since skins are insoluble in the paintthey must be removed before use. The referenced test employsa partially filled container to indicate the tendency of a paint toskin. A typical mi
21、nimum time for skinning is 18 to 24 h.6.2 Examine the original sample for skins both on thesurface and in the mass. Using a well-mixed, skin-free portionof the sample, perform a skinning test in accordance withGuide D154, except use a 0.5-L (1-pt) friction-top can insteadof an 0.25-L (8-oz) jar.7. C
22、oarse Particles7.1 Paints must be free of oversize particles and foreignmatter to avoid clogging application equipment, a typicalmaximum being 1 % by weight of total paint. The referencedtest with a 325-mesh (45-m) screen gives the percent of thismaterial in the paint.7.2 Determine coarse particles
23、in accordance with TestMethods D185.NOTE 1This test is not used for traffic paint containing pre-mixedglass beads.8. Fineness of Dispersion8.1 The more finely a pigment is dispersed, the moreefficiently it is being used. One method for measuring thedegree of dispersion (commonly referred to as “fine
24、ness ofgrind”) is to draw the material down a calibrated, taperedgroove in a hardened steel block with the groove varying indepth from 4 to 0 mils (100 to 0 m). The point at whichcontinuous groupings of particles or agglomerates, or both,protrude through the surface of the liquid is taken as thefine
25、ness reading. Lower readings in mils or micrometres orhigher reading in Hegman units indicate better fineness ofdispersion.8.2 Fineness of grind is not generally specified for trafficpaint but some application equipment may require a limit of 1to 2 Hegman units (3 to 3.5 mils, 75 to 90 m). If additi
26、onalassurance is needed that the paint will not clog applicationequipment, determine the fineness in accordance with TestMethod D1210 after reducing the traffic paint with mineralspirits, or compatible aromatic solvent with a similar evapora-tion rate, to keep the film wet long enough to determine t
27、he endpoint more easily. When a premix traffic paint is being tested,conduct the test on the paint before addition of the beads.9. Density or Weight per Gallon9.1 Density as measured by weight per unit volume is not aperformance characteristic but is used to check product unifor-mity from batch to b
28、atch. A calibrated weight per gallon cup isused.9.2 For an unbeaded paint, determine the density in accor-dance with Test Method D1475.9.3 For beaded paints, use a special weight-per-gallon cup5having a modified cap so that the beads do not interfere with asnug fit of the cap to the cup. Proceed in
29、accordance with TestMethod D1475.10. Consistency10.1 Paints of a given type should fall within a statedconsistency range as agreed upon between the purchaser andthe seller. Consistency is used mainly to ensure productuniformity. Improper consistency, however, can adverselyaffect application properti
30、es, and in turn, paint performance.10.2 Determine consistency using the Stormer viscometer inaccordance with Test Method D562. If the requirement is inKrebs units, Table 1 of Test Method D562 permits changingseconds to KU.4Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4,Section
31、D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5098, http:/dodssp.daps.dla.mil.5The sole source of supply of the satisfactory modified cup known to thecommittee at this time is BYK-Gardner, Inc., Gardner Laboratory, 2435 LindenLane, Silver Spring, MD 20910. If you are aware of alternative suppliers, pl
32、easeprovide this information to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments willreceive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical committee,1which you may attend.D2205 85 (2010)211. Package Stability11.1 Since paints are not normally used immediately aftermanufacture, they m
33、ust remain stable in the can for some time,which for traffic paints does not generally exceed 6 months.Although package stability can usually be determined byalternatively heating and cooling a specimen, occasionally theresults do not coincide with storage at normal temperature. Thereferenced method
34、s determine the degree of pigment settlingafter 2 weeks cycling or after 6 months storage at roomtemperature. These are usually sufficient as it is difficult to ratenumerically the ease of redispersing an aged traffic paint.11.2 Determine the degree of pigment settling in the accel-erated test in ac
35、cordance with Test Method D1309. Determinethe degree of pigment settling and ease of remixing a shelf-aged specimen in accordance with Test Method D869.APPLICATION AND APPEARANCE PROPERTIES12. Drying Time12.1 The drying time of a traffic paint is particularlyimportant because it determines how quick
36、ly a lane can beopened to free flow of traffic without the paint being transferredto adjacent pavement.12.2 Though no-pick-up time as determined by Test MethodD711 has no direct correlation with field application, it isemployed as a quality control test.13. Bleeding13.1 Bleeding refers to the passag
37、e of colored matter suchas bitumen from an asphalt pavement through the traffic paintfilm. It is a function of the age of the asphalt, its compatibilitywith the paint, and the speed of drying of the paint. Typicaltraffic paints give results of 6 to 10 on an arbitrary scale ofphotographic standards w
38、here 10 is no bleeding and 2 isconsiderable bleeding. Determine bleeding in accordance withTest Methods D868 and D969.14. Hiding Power14.1 Hiding power or opacity is a measure of the ability ofa paint to hide the substrate. It varies, naturally, with thethickness of the applied film that may be infl
39、uenced by the flowand application properties of the paint.14.2 Determine the dry hiding power of traffic paints inaccordance with Procedure A, Method 4121 of U.S. FederalTest Method Standard 141B. (This method is being rewritten inASTM form.)15. Color and Color Difference15.1 The color of a paint ma
40、y be determined precisely bymeans of a spectrophotometer. However, the exact color is notusually as important as how closely a paint matches a standard.Color difference between a product and a standard can bedetermined visually or with less elaborate instruments than forcolor measurement. Visual com
41、parison of color is fast andoften acceptable although numerical values are not obtained.Color difference instruments, while not more sensitive than theeye, provide numerical values that can be subsequently com-pared to later measurements.15.2 If required, determine the color in terms of tristimulusv
42、alues or chromaticity coordinates in accordance with PracticeE308.15.3 Determine color difference by visual comparisonagainst standard color chips6in accordance with PracticeD1729. This practice covers the spectral photometric, andgeometric characteristics of light source, illuminating andviewing co
43、nditions, size of specimens, and general proceduresto be used in the visual evaluation of color differences ofopaque materials.15.4 Determine color difference instrumentally in accor-dance with Practice D2244. The method covers the instrumen-tal measurement of small color differences observable inda
44、ylight illumination between nonfluorescent, nonmetameric,opaque surfaces.16. Reflectance16.1 Reflectance is a measure of the light reflected from thesurface of a paint. It determines which of two specimensappears lighter when viewed in average daylight at an anglethat eliminates gloss effects.16.2 D
45、etermine the green filter reflectance in accordancewith Test Method E97.17. Night Visibility or Retroreflectance of Beaded Paintsat Low Angles17.1 This property is important to traffic paint but visibilityat night is not related to daylight reflectance. The retroreflec-tance evaluation of test panel
46、s coated with traffic paint shouldbe in accordance with Test Method D4061. Such panels canserve as controls in monitoring the application of traffic paintand can be helpful in correlating visual ratings with absolutevalues.PROPERTIES OF THE DRIED FILM18. Resistance to Wear18.1 Resistance to wear is
47、a measure of the ability of thedried film to withstand wear from traffic and from objectsrolled or pulled across the surface. In the referenced methodabrasive is poured onto a dry film on a glass panel until thepaint is removed.Atypical value for traffic paint is 65 Lof sandfor removal of a 75-m (3-
48、mil) dry film. Determine resistanceto wear in accordance with Test Method D913.18.2 Using unbeaded traffic paint, determine the abrasionresistance to falling sand or silicon carbide in accordance withTest Methods D968.19. Elongation19.1 Elongation is a measure of the flexibility of a paintfilm. Traf
49、fic paints may have difficulty in meeting the refer-enced test if they are over-pigmented to obtain high reflectance.6The sole source of supply of the standard yellow color chips known to thecommittee at this time is Traffic Control Systems Div., HTO-20, Office of TrafficOperations, Federal Highway Administration, Washington, DC 20590. If you areaware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM Interna-tional Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meetingof the responsible technical committee,1which you may attend.D2205 85
