1、Designation: D2207 00 (Reapproved 2015)Standard Test Method forBursting Strength of Leather by the Ball Method1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2207; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of l
2、ast revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the deter
3、mination of the burst-ing strength of leather by the ball method. It may be used to testa large variety of leathers and leather products. It is particularlyapplicable to light- and medium-weight leathers, such as shoeuppers and garments. This test method does not apply to wetblue.1.2 The values stat
4、ed in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use
5、. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1517 Terminology Relating to LeatherD1610 Practice for Conditioning Leather
6、 and Leather Prod-ucts for TestingD1813 Test Method for Measuring Thickness of LeatherTest SpecimensD2209 Test Method for Tensile Strength of Leather3. Terminology3.1 For definitions of leather terms used in this standardrefer to Terminology D1517.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The leather specimen is
7、 mounted in the ball burst fixturewhich is attached to a testing machine, as described in TestMethod D2209. The machine is operated at a jaw separation of4 6 1 in./min. The maximum load registered is recorded. Thebursting strength in lb/in. of thickness is calculated by dividingthe bursting load by
8、the thickness of the specimen.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method is designed to measure the burstingstrength of leather by measuring the force required to force aspherical ended plunger through a piece of leather. Thebursting load and extension will be generally proportional tothe diameter
9、of the plunger. This test method is suitable fordevelopment, control and service evaluation of the leather.There is good correlation between bursting strength and tensilestrength. This test method may not apply when the conditionsof the test employed differ widely from those specified in thetest met
10、hod.6. Apparatus6.1 Testing Machine, as described in Test Method D2209.NOTE 1The machine shall have a cross-head speed of 4 6 1 in./min(1.6 6 0.4 mm/s).6.2 Thickness GageAdead-mass type of thickness gage asdescribed in Test Method D1813.6.3 Burst Tester,3as shown in Fig. 1. The diameter of theball o
11、r plunger shall be14 in. (0.250 in. (6.4 mm).6.4 Parts Required to Modify Burst Tester, as illustrated inFig. 2, or equivalent.6.5 Die, Knife, or Shears, for cutting the test specimen.6.6 Dial Gage, mounted on the burst tester as shown in Fig.1 to measure the height of the extension of the leathersp
12、ecimen.NOTE 2This gage shall be calibrated to read directly to the nearest0.001 in. (0.025 mm). It shall be equipped with a flat anvil and presserfoot.6.7 Autographic Recorder to record the extension to thenearest 0.1 in. (2.5 mm).1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D31 on
13、Leatherand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D31.07 onPhysical Properties Thistest method was developed in cooperation with the American Leather ChemistsAssn. (Standard Method E14 1965).Current edition approved May 1, 2015. Published July 2015. Originally approvedin 1964. Last previous ed
14、ition approved in 2010 as D2207 00 (2010). DOI:10.1520/D2207-00R15.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM we
15、bsite.3A modified Scott Model W Burst Tester has been found satisfactory for thispurpose. Available from Precision Scientific, 3737 W. Cortland, Chicago, IL 60647.Request Ball Burst Fixture Catalog, No. 26651.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 194
16、28-2959. United States17. Test Specimen7.1 The test specimen shall be a disk of leather at least 1.75in. (44.5 mm) in diameter.7.2 A strip of leather between 1.75 and 6 in. (44.5 and 152mm) wide may be used for a test specimen. Two tests shall berun on each strip.NOTE 3When tests are made on a strip
17、 of leather, the clamping areascan be overlapped so that tests can be made with a minimum distance of1.25 in. (31.8 mm) between bursts.8. Conditioning8.1 All specimens shall be conditioned in accordance withPractice D1610. Conditioning other than that prescribed shallbe noted in the results.9. Proce
18、dure9.1 Measure the thickness of the specimen to the nearest0.001 in. (0.025 mm) in two places near its center of testing.NOTE 4If the test specimen is a strip, the centers of all the test areasshall be properly marked, and the thickness at each center shall bedetermined.9.2 Mount the specimen holde
19、r in the machine. Place thespecimen in the holder, grain up. Adjust the space between thegripping surface in accordance with the thickness of thespecimen, and grip the specimen securely by pulling theplunger handle downward.9.3 Operate the machine at 4 6 1 in./min (1.6 6 0.4 mm/s).9.4 Observe the sp
20、ecimen for total burst. Record the maxi-mum load registered by the machine as the bursting load.NOTE 5Bursting strength, in pounds per inch of thickness, can becalculated by dividing the bursting load by the thickness of the specimenmeasured in inches.9.5 Observe on the gage the extension or stretch
21、 of theleather at different loads up to total burst.10. Report10.1 Report the following information:10.1.1 Thickness to the nearest 0.001 in. (0.025 mm),reported for each specimen or averaged and reported as thethickness of the sample,10.1.2 Bursting load to the nearest 1 lbf (4 N), reported foreach
22、 specimen or averaged and reported as the bursting load ofthe sample, and10.1.3 Extension of the specimen as measured by thevertical travel of the plunger, reported as the height extensionto the nearest 0.001 in. (0.025 mm) at the bursting point.11. Precision and Bias11.1 The following criteria may
23、be used to judge theacceptability of the results if at least 15 units have been tested:11.1.1 One Operator, Duplicate Specimens, Same SkinResults by the same operator on duplicate adjacent specimensin a skin taken from the official sampling position should not beconsidered suspect unless the coeffic
24、ient of variation exceeds:Bursting StrengthShoe upperMens weight calfA16 %13 %Height Extension at BurstShoe upperMens weight calfA7%8%A31oz(8528g),0.0468 0.0156 in. (1.189 0.396 mm).11.1.2 Two Laboratories, Duplicate Specimens, SameSkinResults submitted on leathers of the type mentioned in11.1.1 by
25、each of two laboratories on duplicate adjacentspecimens from the same skin taken from the official samplingposition should not be considered suspect unless the average ofthe two results differs by more than 5 %.NOTE 6The reproducibility reported in 11.1.2 is based on dataobtained at two laboratories
26、, each with a different type of testing machineand a different operator. One machine is a load-cell type and the other apendulum type. The results show very close correlation between labora-tories.NOTE 7The results given in Section 11 are based on tests on 30 sidesof leather and do not apply to find
27、ings and cut parts.NOTE 8The precision data for between skins are not given because theresults were based on different skins of several production lots. Thevariables in the leather for between skins will give higher variation of theresults, but this factor should not affect the precision of the test
28、 method.12. Keywords12.1 bursting strength; leather; strengthFIG. 1 Modified Burst TesterD2207 00 (2015)2ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that
29、 determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapprov
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31、l that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual repr
32、ints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Co
33、pyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ Equivalentsin. mm in. mm in. mm in. mm116 1.612 12.7 138 35 1.750 44.4518 3.21116 17.5 1716 36.5 1.752 44.50316 4.834 19 1.557 39.55 312 9514 6.41316 20.6 1.562 39.67 4 1020.255 6.4878 22 134 44FIG. 2 Parts Required to Modify Burst TesterD2207 00 (2015)3
