1、Designation: D2259 02 (Reapproved 2011)Standard Test Method forShrinkage of Yarns1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2259; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in par
2、entheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method is used to determine the shrinkage ofyarns in skein form when treated in boiling water, dry heat,saturated steam, or solvents. This
3、 test method is applicable toyarns made from any fiber or combination of fibers where thetex of the yarn is known or can be determined. This test methodis not recommended for elastomeric yarns and those yarns thatstretch more than 5 % under the tension loadings prescribed,although it has been used f
4、or the latter.NOTE 1Procedures for determining yarn shrinkage and bulk proper-ties of textured yarns are covered in Test Method D4031.1.2 This test method shows the values in both SI andinch-pound units. “SI” units is the technically correct name forthe system of metric units known as the Internatio
5、nal System ofUnits. “Inch-pound” units is the technically correct name forthe customary units used in the United States. The values statedin either SI units or in other units shall be regarded as standard.The values expressed in each system may not be exactequivalents; therefore each system must be
6、used independentlyof the other without combining in any way.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-b
7、ility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD1059 Test Method for Yarn Number Based on Short-Length Specimens3D1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing TextilesD1907 Test Method for Linear Density of Yarn (YarnNumber)
8、 by the Skein MethodD2258 Practice for Sampling Yarn for TestingD3888 Terminology for Yarn Spinning SystemsD3990 Terminology Relating to Fabric DefectsD4031 Test Method for Bulk Properties of Textured YarnsD4848 Terminology Related to Force, Deformation andRelated Properties of TextilesD4849 Termino
9、logy Related to Yarns and FibersE145 Specification for Gravity-Convection and Forced-Ventilation Ovens3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 For definitions of textile terms used in this testmethod: skein and skein loop-length, refer to TerminologyD4849.3.1.2 For definition of the term extension used i
10、n this testmethod, refer to Terminology D4848.3.1.3 For other textile terms used in this test method, refer toTerminology Standards, D123, D3888, D3990, D4848 andD4849.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The loop length of a conditioned skein of yarn ismeasured under a specific tension, which is sufficient
11、 tostraighten but not stretch the skein. The tension-free skein isthen immersed in boiling water or exposed to dry heat orsaturated steam or in the solvent reconditioned, and remea-sured. The shrinkage (or in some cases, growth) is calculated asthe change in length expressed as a percentage of the l
12、engthbefore immersion or exposure.5. Significance and Use5.1 Test Method D2259 for testing yarn for shrinkage inboiling water, saturated steam, dry heat, or solvents is consid-ered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial ship-ments of yarn because the test method has been used exten-sively
13、 in the trade for that purpose.5.1.1 If there are differences of practical significance be-tween reported test results for two laboratories (or more),comparative tests should be performed to determine if there isa statistical bias between them, using competent statistical1This test method is under t
14、he jurisdiction of Committee D13 on Textiles and isthe direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.58 on Yarns and Fibers.Current edition approved May 1, 2011. Published June 2011. Originallyapproved in 1964. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as D2259 02(2006)1.DOI: 10.1520/D2259-02R11.2For refer
15、enced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is re
16、ferencedon www.astm.org.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.assistance. As a minimum, use the samples for such compara-tive tests that are as homogeneous as possible, drawn from thesame lot of material as the samples that
17、 resulted in disparateresults during initial testing and randomly assigned in equalnumbers to each laboratory. The test results from the labora-tories involved should be compared using a statistical test forunpaired data, a probability level chosen prior to the testingseries. If a bias is found, eit
18、her its cause must be found andcorrected, or future test results for that material must beadjusted in consideration of the known bias.5.2 Results obtained by this test method can be used for thefollowing purposes:5.2.1 As an aid in predicting the dimensional stability offabrics to wet processing,5.2
19、.2 As an aid in predicting the dimensional stability offabrics during processing at elevated temperatures, and5.2.3 As a control measure in the manufacture of some typesof fibers.5.3 The shrinkage medium to be used in the test depends onthe requirements of the parties involved.5.4 The procedure for
20、shrinkage in boiling water is de-scribed in Section 12, for shrinkage in dry heat in Section 13,for shrinkage in saturated steam in Section 14, and forshrinkage in solvents in Section 15. A 30-min exposure time isprescribed for boiling water. In exposure to dry heat, saturatedsteam, or solvents, the
21、 extent of change in the length of yarn isdependent upon the fiber type and upon the time and tempera-ture of the exposure. Fiber types differ in their reaction toelevated temperature as well as the nature of the specificsolvent, and prior fiber history can have a great influence uponthe heat and so
22、lvent shrinkage of a yarn. Therefore, the timeand temperature conditions to be used to determine dry heat orsaturated steam shrinkage must be agreed upon for the particu-lar product involved. In addition, time and temperature condi-tions, and solvent to be used must be agreed upon for solventshrinka
23、ge determination for the particular product involved.6. Apparatus and Reagents6.1 ReelA hand or motor-driven reel having a nominalperimeter of 1 m, 1.5 yd, or 1.125 m (Note 2). The reel shouldhave a traversing mechanism that will minimize bunching ofends on the reel, a yarn-tensioning device capable
24、 of maintain-ing tension below 1 cN/tex or 1.0 gf/den, and a yarn length orrevolution indicator. A warning bell that will ring just prior tothe specified number of reel revolutions is recommended. Acollapsible arm is advisable for convenience in skein removal.NOTE 2By agreement, reels of other perim
25、eters, between 1 and 2 m(1 and 2 yd) may be used.6.2 Measuring ScaleA tape or scale accurate to 1 part in1000 is recommended. Any scale length exceeding the reeldiameter by 250 mm or 10 in. allowing for the extension of theskein is satisfactory. The scale should be mounted vertically. Atop hook hold
26、s the skein and is mounted with support surfacein line with the zero index of the scale.6.3 Metal HookA hook designed to hang from the skein,shaped to receive the tensioning weights, and with a massknown to 1 part in 1000. The hook may have a pointer locatedand attached for ease in reading the measu
27、ring scale at a pointlevel with the inside bottom of the skein.6.4 Tensioning MassesAccurate to 1 part in 1000.6.5 For Boiling Water:6.5.1 Container, of sufficient size for 40:1 mass ratio waterbath.6.5.2 Roller Wringer or Centrifugal Extractor.6.5.3 Heat Source, for water bath.6.5.4 Distilled or De
28、mineralized Water.6.5.5 Nonionic Wetting Agent.6.6 For Dry Heat:6.6.1 Heating OvenA forced-draft oven capable of meet-ing the required temperature and that meets the temperatureuniformity requirements for a Type IIB oven as described inSpecification E145, Table 1. There must be a means ofsuspending
29、the skeins in the oven. This may be accomplishedwith a rod with cup hooks from which to suspend skeins. Therod may be mounted on a stand for placement in the oven;skeins should not be allowed to touch the sides of the oven.6.7 For Saturated Steam:6.7.1 AutoclaveA pressure vessel capable of sustainin
30、gthe temperatures and pressures required, and of such a size thatthe test skeins of yarn can be suspended without touching sidesor bottom of the autoclave.6.8 For Solvents:6.8.1 Hot Plate or Heated BlockA temperature controlledhot plate or heated block which can maintain the temperatureof the solven
31、t in a container to 6 2C or 4F of the specifiedvalue.6.8.2 Container, of sufficient size for a 40:1 mass ratiosolvent bath.6.9 For Drying Wet Skeins:6.9.1 Drying OvenA ventilated drying oven maintained ata temperature of 65 6 3C or 149 6 5F, in which the yarnspecimens are not exposed to direct radia
32、tion from the heatingelements.7. Hazards7.1 Avoid physical contact with hot water and hot metal andespecially saturated steam (Sections 12, 13, and 14).7.2 Refer to manufacturers safety data sheets (MSDS) onthe operation of the autoclave. Care should be excercised inTABLE 1 Components of Variance as
33、 Standard Deviations,Percentage PointsPropertiesSingle-OperatorComponentWithin-LaboratoryComponentBetween-LaboratoryComponentShrinkage, boiling water:Nylon spun yarn 0.32 0.60 0.61Nylon filament yarn 0.20 0.76 0.79Polyester spun yarn 0.32 0.31 0.26Polyester filament yarn 0.11 0.32 0.25Acrylic filame
34、nt yarn 0.22 0.42 0.30Cotton yarn 0.16 0.21 0.19Rayon spun yarn 0.16 0.25 0.21Shrinkage, dry heat:Nylon spun yarn at 150C 0.24 0.23 0.17Nylon filament yarn at 150C 0.20 0.55 0.51Polyester spun yarn at 190C 0.39 0.38 0.26Polyester filament yarn at 190C 0.15 0.65 0.65D2259 02 (2011)2venting the autocl
35、ave so that physical contact is not made withthe saturated steam (Section 14).7.3 Refer to manufacturers material safety data sheets(MSDS) for information on handling, storage, use, and dis-posal of any solvents used in this test method (Section 15).8. Sampling8.1 Division into LotsFor acceptance te
36、sting purposes,divide the material to be tested into lots as directed in PracticeD2258.8.2 Lot SampleAs a lot sample for acceptance testing,take at random the number of shipping containers directed inan applicable material specification or other agreement be-tween the purchaser and the supplier, suc
37、h as an agreement touse Practice D2258.NOTE 3Differences between shipping containers, between packageswithin a container, and between specimens within a package are allsources of variability in test results. A realistic specification or otheragreement between the purchaser and the supplier requires
38、a samplingplan that considers the relative effects of such sources of variability andwhich at the specified limits for shrinkage has a meaningful producersrisk, consumers risk, acceptable quality level, and lot tolerance fractiondefective.8.3 Laboratory SampleAs a laboratory sample for accep-tance t
39、esting, take a total of ten packages. Select the packagesrandomly from all the packages in the lot sampling units.8.4 Number of SpecimensTest one skein from each pack-age in the laboratory sample.9. Preparation of Specimens9.1 Reel and discard the outer 10 % or 100 m or 110 ydmaterial from each pack
40、age.9.2 Reel an 80-wrap skein using a uniform tension of notover 1 cN/tex or 0.1 gf/den. Lay the yarn smoothly on the reel,overlap, and loosely tie the beginning and trailing ends of theskein. To reduce tangling, the skein may be laced loosely. Thenumber of wraps may be increased or decreased for ve
41、ry fineor very coarse yarns by agreement of the interested parties.9.3 Identify each skein separately.10. Conditioning10.1 Condition the prepared skeins for testing as directed inPractice D1776, except that preconditioning is not necessary.Consider equilibrium to have been reached when the change in
42、mass of the specimen between successive weighings made atintervals of not less than 2 h does not exceed 0.1 % of the massof the specimen.10.2 Condition the prepared skeins for a minimum of 24 hwhich is sufficient time for yarn recovery from packagewinding tensions as well as to reach the moisture eq
43、uilibriumconditions specified in 10.1.11. Measurement of Skeins11.1 Make all skein loop length measurements in thestandard atmosphere for testing textiles which is air maintainedat a relative humidity of 65 6 2 % and at a temperature of 216 1C or 706 2F.11.2 Determine the linear density of the yarn
44、if unknown byusing Test Method D1907 or Test Method D1059. In case ofcontroversy, results obtained as directed in Test Method D1907shall prevail.11.3 Calculate a tension force corresponding to 0.5 cN/texor 0.05 gf/den using Eq 1 or Eq 2:Tension force, mN 5 5.0 3 N 3 T (1)Tension force, gf 5 0.05 3 N
45、 3 D (2)where:N = number of ends; that is twice the number of wraps inthe skein,T = yarn number, tex, andD = yarn number, denier.NOTE 4For example, an 80-wrap skein has 160 ends. For a 16 texyarn, the tension force would be 5.0 3 16 3 160 = 1280 cN = 12.8 N(0.5 3 16 3 160 = 1280 gf = 1.28 kgf).11.4
46、Measure the loop-length of each conditioned skein.11.4.1 Hang the conditioned skein from the hook at the topof the measuring scale with the inside of the top of the skeinand the zero index of the scale.11.4.2 Hang the hook described in 6.3 on the bottom of theuntwisted skein and add sufficient mass
47、(including the mass ofthe hook) to produce the force calculated in 11.3.11.4.3 After 30 6 3 s, measure the inside length of the skeinto the nearest 1 mm or116 in.11.4.4 Record the loop-length of each skein.11.5 Twist each skein into a figure 8 and bring the endstogether to form a two-coil loop. Repe
48、at the procedure to forma four-coil loop.11.6 Continue as directed in Section 12 for boiling water,Section 13 for dry heat, Section 14 for saturated steam, orSection 15 for solvent.12. Boiling Water Exposure12.1 Wrap each skein carefully in cheesecloth and securethe cheesecloth (sewed, tied) to prev
49、ent the entanglement ofthe yarn in actively boiling water.12.2 Make up a distilled or demineralized water bath, whichis 40 times the mass of the wrapped skeins, and contains a0.05 % solution of wetting agent by weight.12.3 Bring the bath to a continuously rolling boil andimmerse the skeins for 30 min.NOTE 5A basket may be used to transfer the skeins to and from thebath.12.4 Allow the bath to cool to at least 50C or 122F beforedecanting the solution from the specimens.12.4.1 Do not cool the bath by overflowing or rinsing thespecimens, because the we
