1、Designation: D 2270 04Designation: 226/91 (95)An American National StandardBritish Standard 4459Standard Practice forCalculating Viscosity Index from Kinematic Viscosity at 40and 100C1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2270; the number immediately following the designation indicat
2、es the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of t
3、he Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This practice2covers the procedures for calculating theviscosity index of petroleum products, such as lubricating oils,and related materials from their kinematic viscosities at 40 and100C.NOTE 1The results obtained from the calculation of VI from kine-matic visco
4、sities determined at 40 and 100C are virtually the same asthose obtained from the former VI system using kinematic viscositiesdetermined at 37.78 and 98.89C.1.1.1 Procedure AFor petroleum products of viscosityindex up to and including 100.1.1.2 Procedure BFor petroleum products of which theviscosity
5、 index is 100 or greater.1.2 This standard does not apply to petroleum products withkinematic viscosities less than 2.0 mm2/s (cSt) at 100C. Table1 given in this practice applies to petroleum products withkinematic viscosities between 2 and 70 mm2/s (cSt) at 100C.Equations are provided for calculati
6、ng viscosity index forpetroleum products having kinematic viscosities above 70mm2/s (cSt) at 100C.NOTE 21 cSt = 1 mm2/s=106m2/s.1.2.1 In cases where kinematic viscosity data are not avail-able at temperatures of 40 and 100C, an estimate may be madeof the viscosity index by calculating the kinematic
7、viscosity attemperatures of 40 and 100C from data obtained at othertemperatures. Such viscosity index data may be considered assuitable for information only and not for specification pur-poses. See Test Method D 341, Annex A1.1.3 The kinematic viscosity values are determined withreference to a value
8、 of 1.0034 mm2/s (cSt) at 20.00C fordistilled water. The determination of the kinematic viscosity ofa petroleum product shall be carried out in accordance withTest Methods D 445, IP 71, ISO 3104,orISO 2909.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard.2. Referenced Documents2.1
9、 ASTM Standards:3D 341 Test Method for Viscosity-Temperature Charts forLiquid Petroleum ProductsD 445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparentand Opaque Liquids (and the Calculation of DynamicViscosity)D 1695 Terminology of Cellulose and Cellulose Derivatives2.2 ISO Standards:ISO 2909 Petr
10、oleum ProductsCalculation of ViscosityIndex from Kinematic Viscosity4ISO 3104 Petroleum ProductsTransparent and OpaqueLiquidsDetermination of Kinematic Viscosity and Cal-culation of Dynamic Viscosity42.3 Energy Institute Standard:IP 71 Determination of Kinematic Viscosity and Calcula-tion of Dynamic
11、 Viscosity53. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 viscosity index, nan arbitrary number used to char-acterize the variation of the kinematic viscosity of a petroleumproduct with temperature.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on PetroleumPro
12、ducts and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.07 onFlow Properties.In the IP, this practice is under the jurisdiction of the Standardization Committeeand issued under the fixed designation IP 226. The final number indicates the yearof last revision.Current edition approve
13、d Nov. 1, 2004. Published November 2004. Originallyapproved in 1964. Last previous edition approved in 1998 as D 227093(1998).2Supporting data (Metrication of Viscosity Index System Method D 2270) havebeen filed at ASTM International Headquarters and may be obtained by requestingResearch Report RR:
14、D02-1009.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.4Available from American National Standards Institut
15、e (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.5Available from Energy Institute, 61 New Cavendish St., London, WIG 7AR,U.K.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.TABLE 1 Basic Values for L and H for Kinematic Viscosi
16、ty in 40 to 100C SystemKinematicViscosityat100C,mm2/s(cSt)LHKinematicViscosityat 100C,mm2/s(cSt)LHKinematicViscosityat 100C,mm2/s(cSt)LHKinematicViscosityat 100C,mm2/s(cSt)LHKinematicViscosityat 100C,mm2/s(cSt)LHKinematicViscosityat 100C,mm2/s(cSt)LH2.00 7.994 6.394 7.00 78.00 48.57 12.0 201.9 108.0
17、 17.0 369.4 180.2 24.0 683.9 301.8 42.5 1935 714.92.10 8.640 6.894 7.10 80.25 49.61 12.1 204.8 109.4 17.1 373.3 181.7 24.2 694.5 305.6 43.0 1978 728.22.20 9.309 7.410 7.20 82.39 50.69 12.2 207.8 110.7 17.2 377.1 183.3 24.4 704.2 309.4 43.5 2021 741.32.30 10.00 7.944 7.30 84.53 51.78 12.3 210.7 112.0
18、 17.3 381.0 184.9 24.6 714.9 313.0 44.0 2064 754.42.40 10.71 8.496 7.40 86.66 52.88 12.4 213.6 113.3 17.4 384.9 186.5 24.8 725.7 317.0 44.5 2108 767.62.50 11.45 9.063 7.50 88.85 53.98 12.5 216.6 114.7 17.5 388.9 188.1 25.0 736.5 320.9 45.0 2152 780.92.60 12.21 9.647 7.60 91.04 55.09 12.6 219.6 116.0
19、 17.6 392.7 189.7 25.2 747.2 324.9 45.5 2197 794.52.70 13.00 10.25 7.70 93.20 56.20 12.7 222.6 117.4 17.7 396.7 191.3 25.4 758.2 328.8 46.0 2243 808.22.80 13.80 10.87 7.80 95.43 57.31 12.8 225.7 118.7 17.8 400.7 192.9 25.6 769.3 332.7 46.5 2288 821.92.90 14.63 11.50 7.90 97.72 58.45 12.9 228.8 120.1
20、 17.9 404.6 194.6 25.8 779.7 336.7 47.0 2333 835.53.00 15.49 12.15 8.00 100.0 59.60 13.0 231.9 121.5 18.0 408.6 196.2 26.0 790.4 340.5 47.5 2380 849.23.10 16.36 12.82 8.10 102.3 60.74 13.1 235.0 122.9 18.1 412.6 197.8 26.2 801.6 344.4 48.0 2426 863.03.20 17.26 13.51 8.20 104.6 61.89 13.2 238.1 124.2
21、 18.2 416.7 199.4 26.4 812.8 348.4 48.5 2473 876.93.30 18.18 14.21 8.30 106.9 63.05 13.3 241.2 125.6 18.3 420.7 201.0 26.6 824.1 352.3 49.0 2521 890.93.40 19.12 14.93 8.40 109.2 64.18 13.4 244.3 127.0 18.4 424.9 202.6 26.8 835.5 356.4 49.5 2570 905.33.50 20.09 15.66 8.50 111.5 65.32 13.5 247.4 128.4
22、 18.5 429.0 204.3 27.0 847.0 360.5 50.0 2618 919.63.60 21.08 16.42 8.60 113.9 66.48 13.6 250.6 129.8 18.6 433.2 205.9 27.2 857.5 364.6 50.5 2667 933.63.70 22.09 17.19 8.70 116.2 67.64 13.7 253.8 131.2 18.7 437.3 207.6 27.4 869.0 368.3 51.0 2717 948.23.80 23.13 17.97 8.80 118.5 68.79 13.8 257.0 132.6
23、 18.8 441.5 209.3 27.6 880.6 372.3 51.5 2767 962.93.90 24.19 18.77 8.90 120.9 69.94 13.9 260.1 134.0 18.9 445.7 211.0 27.8 892.3 376.4 52.0 2817 977.54.00 25.32 19.56 9.00 123.3 71.10 14.0 263.3 135.4 19.0 449.9 212.7 28.0 904.1 380.6 52.5 2867 992.14.10 26.50 20.37 9.10 125.7 72.27 14.1 266.6 136.8
24、 19.1 454.2 214.4 28.2 915.8 384.6 53.0 2918 10074.20 27.75 21.21 9.20 128.0 73.42 14.2 269.8 138.2 19.2 458.4 216.1 28.4 927.6 388.8 53.5 2969 10214.30 29.07 22.05 9.30 130.4 74.57 14.3 273.0 139.6 19.3 462.7 217.7 28.6 938.6 393.0 54.0 3020 10364.40 30.48 22.92 9.40 132.8 75.73 14.4 276.3 141.0 19
25、.4 467.0 219.4 28.8 951.2 396.6 54.5 3073 10514.50 31.96 23.81 9.50 135.3 76.91 14.5 279.6 142.4 19.5 471.3 221.1 29.0 963.4 401.1 55.0 3126 10664.60 33.52 24.71 9.60 137.7 78.08 14.6 283.0 143.9 19.6 475.7 222.8 29.2 975.4 405.3 55.5 3180 10824.70 35.13 25.63 9.70 140.1 79.27 14.7 286.4 145.3 19.7
26、479.7 224.5 29.4 987.1 409.5 56.0 3233 10974.80 36.79 26.57 9.80 142.7 80.46 14.8 289.7 146.8 19.8 483.9 226.2 29.6 998.9 413.5 56.5 3286 11124.90 38.50 27.53 9.90 145.2 81.67 14.9 293.0 148.2 19.9 488.6 227.7 29.8 1011 417.6 57.0 3340 11275.00 40.23 28.49 10.0 147.7 82.87 15.0 296.5 149.7 20.0 493.
27、2 229.5 30.0 1023 421.7 57.5 3396 11435.10 41.99 29.46 10.1 150.3 84.08 15.1 300.0 151.2 20.2 501.5 233.0 30.5 1055 432.4 58.0 3452 11595.20 43.76 30.43 10.2 152.9 85.30 15.2 303.4 152.6 20.4 510.8 236.4 31.0 1086 443.2 58.5 3507 11755.30 45.53 31.40 10.3 155.4 86.51 15.3 306.9 154.1 20.6 519.9 240.
28、1 31.5 1119 454.0 59.0 3563 11905.40 47.31 32.37 10.4 158.0 87.72 15.4 310.3 155.6 20.8 528.8 243.5 32.0 1151 464.9 59.5 3619 12065.50 49.09 33.34 10.5 160.6 88.95 15.5 313.9 157.0 21.0 538.4 247.1 32.5 1184 475.9 60.0 3676 12225.60 50.87 34.32 10.6 163.2 90.19 15.6 317.5 158.6 21.2 547.5 250.7 33.0
29、 1217 487.0 60.5 3734 12385.70 52.64 35.29 10.7 165.8 91.40 15.7 321.1 160.1 21.4 556.7 254.2 33.5 1251 498.1 61.0 3792 12545.80 54.42 36.26 10.8 168.5 92.65 15.8 324.6 161.6 21.6 566.4 257.8 34.0 1286 509.6 61.5 3850 12705.90 56.20 37.23 10.9 171.2 93.92 15.9 328.3 163.1 21.8 575.6 261.5 34.5 1321
30、521.1 62.0 3908 12866.00 57.97 38.19 11.0 173.9 95.19 16.0 331.9 164.6 22.0 585.2 264.9 35.0 1356 532.5 62.5 3966 13036.10 59.74 39.17 11.1 176.6 96.45 16.1 335.5 166.1 22.2 595.0 268.6 35.5 1391 544.0 63.0 4026 13196.20 61.52 40.15 11.2 179.4 97.71 16.2 339.2 167.7 22.4 604.3 272.3 36.0 1427 555.6
31、63.5 4087 13366.30 63.32 41.13 11.3 182.1 98.97 16.3 342.9 169.2 22.6 614.2 275.8 36.5 1464 567.1 64.0 4147 13526.40 65.18 42.14 11.4 184.9 100.2 16.4 346.6 170.7 22.8 624.1 279.6 37.0 1501 579.3 64.5 4207 13696.50 67.12 43.18 11.5 187.6 101.5 16.5 350.3 172.3 23.0 633.6 283.3 37.5 1538 591.3 65.0 4
32、268 13866.60 69.16 44.24 11.6 190.4 102.8 16.6 354.1 173.8 23.2 643.4 286.8 38.0 1575 603.1 65.5 4329 14026.70 71.29 45.33 11.7 193.3 104.1 16.7 358.0 175.4 23.4 653.8 290.5 38.5 1613 615.0 66.0 4392 14196.80 73.48 46.44 11.8 196.2 105.4 16.8 361.7 177.0 23.6 663.3 294.4 39.0 1651 627.1 66.5 4455 14
33、366.90 75.72 47.51 11.9 199.0 106.7 16.9 365.6 178.6 23.8 673.7 297.9 39.5 1691 639.2 67.0 4517 145440.040.541.041.542.017301770181018511892651.8664.2676.6689.1701.967.568.068.569.069.5458046454709477348391471148815061523154170.0 4905 1558D22700423.1.1.1 DiscussionFor oils of similar kinematic visco
34、sity,the higher the viscosity index the smaller the effect of tem-perature on its kinematic viscosity.3.1.1.2 DiscussionViscosity index is also used in Termi-nology D 1695 in a definition unrelated to this one.4. Significance and Use4.1 The viscosity index is a widely used and acceptedmeasure of the
35、 variation in kinematic viscosity due to changesin the temperature of a petroleum product between 40 and100C.4.2 A higher viscosity index indicates a smaller decrease inkinematic viscosity with increasing temperature of the lubri-cant.4.3 The viscosity index is used in practice as a singlenumber ind
36、icating temperature dependence of kinematic vis-cosity.5. Procedure AOils of Viscosity Index Up to andIncluding 1005.1 Determine the kinematic viscosity of the sample at 40and 100C in accordance with Test Method D 445, ISO 3104,or IP 71.5.2 Calculation:5.2.1 If the kinematic viscosity of the oils at
37、 100C is lessthan or equal to 70 mm2/s (cSt), extract from Table 1 thecorresponding values for L and H. Measured values that are notlisted, but are within the range of Table 1, may be obtained bylinear interpolation. The viscosity index is not defined and maynot be reported for oils of kinematic vis
38、cosity of less than 2.0mm2/s (cSt) at 100C.5.2.2 If the kinematic viscosity is above 70 mm2/s (cSt) at100C, calculate the values of L and H as follows:L 5 0.8353 Y21 14.67 Y 2 216 (1)H 5 0.1684 Y21 11.85 Y 2 97 (2)where:L = kinematic viscosity at 40C of an oil of 0 viscosityindex having the same kin
39、ematic viscosity at 100C asthe oil whose viscosity index is to be calculated, mm2/s(cSt),Y = kinematic viscosity at 100C of the oil whose viscosityindex is to be calculated, mm2/s (cSt), andH = kinematic viscosity at 40C of an oil of 100 viscosityindex having the same kinematic viscosity at 100C ast
40、he oil whose viscosity index is to be calculated mm2/s(cSt).5.2.3 Calculate the viscosity index, VI, of the oil as follows:VI 5 L 2 U!/L 2 H!# 3 100 (3)where:U = kinematic viscosity at 40C of the oil whose viscosityindex is to be calculated mm2/s (cSt).5.2.4 Calculation ExampleMeasured kinematic vis
41、cosityat 40C of the oil whose viscosity index is to be calcu-lated = 73.30 mm2/s (cSt); kinematic viscosity at 100C of theoil whose viscosity index is to be calculated = 8.86 mm2/s(cSt):From Table 1 (by interpolation) L = 119.94From Table 1 (by interpolation) H = 69.48Substituting in Eq 3 and roundi
42、ng to the nearest wholenumber:VI 5 119.94 2 73.30!/119.94 2 69.48!# 3 100 5 92.43 (4)VI 5 92 (5)5.3 ASTM DS 39b, Viscosity Index Tables for Celsius Tem-peratures,3is based on the above calculation and may be usedinstead of 5.2-5.2.4.6. Procedure BOils of Viscosity Index of 100 andGreater6.1 Determin
43、e the kinematic viscosity of the sample at 40and 100C in accordance with Test Method D 445, ISO 3104,or IP 71.6.2 Calculation:6.2.1 If the kinematic viscosity of the oil at 100C is in therange of 2 to 70 mm2/s (cSt), extract the corresponding valuefor H from Table 1. Measured values that are not lis
44、ted, but arewithin the range of Table 1, can be obtained by linearinterpolation.The viscosity index is not defined and may not bereported for oils of kinematic viscosity of less than 2.0 mm2/s(cSt) at 100C.6.2.2 If the measured kinematic viscosity at 100C is greaterthan 70 mm2/s (cSt), calculate the
45、 value of H as follows:H 5 0.1684 Y21 11.85 Y 2 97 (6)where:Y = kinematic viscosity at 100C of the oil whose kine-matic viscosity is to be calculated, mm2/s (cSt), andH = kinematic viscosity at 40C of an oil of 100 viscosityindex having the same kinematic viscosity at 100C asthe oil whose viscosity
46、index is to be calculated mm2/s(cSt).6.2.3 Calculate the viscosity index, VI, of the oil as follows:VI 5 antilog N! 2 1!/0.00715 1 100 (7)where:N 5 log H 2 log U!/ log Y, (8)orYN5 H/U (9)where:U = kinematic viscosity at 40C of the oil whose viscosityindex is to be calculated mm2/s (cSt).6.2.4 Calcul
47、ation Example:6.2.4.1 Measured kinematic viscosity at 40C of the oilwhose viscosity index is to be calculated = 22.83 mm2/s (cSt);kinematic viscosity at 100C of the oil whose viscosity indexis to be calculated = 5.05 mm2/s (cSt):From Table 1 (by interpolation) H = 28.97Substituting by Eq 8 (by logar
48、ithms):N 5 log 28.97 2 log 22.83!/log 5.05 5 0.14708 (10)Substituting in Eq 7 and rounding to the nearest whole number:VI 5 antilog 0.14708! 2 1!/0.00715 1 100 (11)5 1.40307 2 1!/0.00715 1 100 5 156.37VI 5 156D22700436.2.4.2 Measured kinematic viscosity at 40C of the oilwhose viscosity index is to b
49、e calculated = 53.47 mm2/s (cSt);kinematic viscosity at 100C of the oil whose viscosity indexis to be calculated = 7.80 mm2/s (cSt):From Table 1, H = 57.31Substituting in Eq 8 (by logarithms):N 5 log 57.31 2 log 53.47!/log 7.80 5 0.03376 (12)Substituting in Eq 7 and rounding to the nearest whole number:VI 5 antilog 0.03376! 2 1!/0.00715 1 100 (13)5 1.08084 2 1!/0.00715 1 100 5 1116.3 ASTM DS 39b3Viscosity Index Tables for CelsiusTemperatures is based on the above calculation and may beused instead
