1、Designation: D 2290 04An American National StandardStandard Test Method forApparent Hoop Tensile Strength of Plastic or ReinforcedPlastic Pipe by Split Disk Method1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2290; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforigin
2、al adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Def
3、ense.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of the com-parative apparent tensile strength of most plastic productsutilizing a split disk test fixture, when tested under definedconditions of pretreatment, temperature, humidity, and testmachine speed. This test method is applicable to r
4、einforced-thermosetting resin pipe regardless of fabrication method. Thistest method also is applicable to extruded and molded thermo-plastic pipe.Procedure A is used for reinforced-thermosetting resin pipe;Procedure B is used for thermoplastic pipe of any size;Procedure C is used for thermoplastic
5、pipe with nominaldiameter of 4-12 in. and greater.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas the standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish ap
6、pro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for TestingD 1599 Test Method for Resistance to Short-Time Hydrau-lic Failure Pressure of Plastic Pipe, T
7、ubing, and FittingsE 4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines3. Summary of Test Method3.1 The test specimen is loaded through the suggestedself-aligning split disk test fixture (Fig. 1) which applies tensilestress to the test ring. An apparent tensile strength rather thana true tensile
8、 strength is obtained in this test because of abending moment imposed during test at the split between thesplit disk test fixture. This moment is induced by the change incontour of the ring between the two disk sections as theyseparate. The test fixture is designed to minimize the effect ofthis bend
9、ing moment.4. Significance and Use4.1 Split disk tension tests, properly interpreted, providereasonably accurate information with regard to the apparenttensile strength of plastic pipe when employed under condi-tions approximating those under which the tests are made.4.2 Tension tests may provide da
10、ta for research and devel-opment, engineering design, quality control, acceptance orrejection under specifications, and for special purposes. Thetest cannot be considered significant for applications differingwidely from the load-time scale of the standard test.NOTE 1Procedure C has been used on pol
11、yethylene and polybutylenepipe to produce results equivalent to Quick Burst results (Test MethodD 1599) for 4 in. to 8 in. pipes.5. Apparatus5.1 MicrometersSuitable ball-type micrometers, readingto at least 0.001 in., for measuring the width and thickness ofthe test specimens.5.2 Testing MachineA un
12、iversal testing machine of theconstant-rate-of-cross-head-movement type and comprisingessentially the following:5.2.1 Drive MechanismA drive mechanism for impartingto the crosshead a uniform controlled velocity with respect tothe base, this velocity to be regulated as specified in Section 9.5.2.2 Lo
13、ad IndicatorA load-indicating mechanism ca-pable of showing the total tensile load carried by the testspecimen. This mechanism shall be essentially free frominertia lag at the specified rate of testing and shall indicate theload with an accuracy of 61 % of the indicated value. Theaccuracy of the tes
14、ting machine shall be verified in accordancewith Method E4.5.3 Test FixtureThe recommended test fixture is shown inFig. 1. The width of the split disk for Procedure A shall be atleast 0.1 in. greater than the width of the specimen. The widthof the split disk for Procedure B shall be 0.5 in. 6 0.05 i
15、n. The1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F17 on PlasticPiping Systems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F17.40 on TestMethods.Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2004. Published September 2004. Originallyapproved in 1964 . Last previous edition approved in 200
16、0 as D 2290 00e1.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harb
17、or Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.width of the split disk for Procedure C shall be 2.0 in. 6 0.1 in.The supports for holding the tension test fixture shall beself-aligning, that is, they shall be attached to the fixed andmovable member of the test machine, respec
18、tively, in such amanner that they move freely into alignment as soon as anyload is applied, so that the direction of the applied pull isdirectly perpendicular to the split axis of the test fixture.5.4 Conditioning ApparatusApparatus for maintainingthe standard laboratory atmospheric temperature of 2
19、3 6 2C(73.4 6 3.6F) and 50 6 5 % relative humidity for condition-ing prior to test, as defined in Procedure A of Methods D 618,shall be used, except 24 h will be the minimum time period.6. Test Specimen6.1 Test specimen for Procedure A shall be full-diameter,full-wall thickness rings cut from reinfo
20、rced thermosettingresin pipe by any suitable means. Specimens shall conform toFig. 2. Specimens shall have a minimum overall width of 0.90in., and a minimum width in the reduced section(s) of 0.55 in.The number of reduced areas shall be one or two. If two, theyFIG. 1 Test Fixture: TypicalFIG. 2 Redu
21、ced-Section Specimens for Procedure AD 2290 042must be located 180 apart. Reduced areas must be centeredrelative to the specimen width to within 0.05 in.6.2 Test specimens for Procedure B shall be full-diameter,full-thickness rings cut from thermoplastic pipe, by any suit-able means, as shown in Fig
22、. 3. The reduced cross sectionsshall be located at the point of minimum wall thickness and at180 thereto except when the test is used for specializedpurposes (see Note 2). The specimen must be free of machiningmarks and uniform in cross section.NOTE 2The reduced sections for the extruded or molded s
23、pecimenscan be located at any points on the periphery of the specimen providedthey are 180 apart, that is, even at the weld or “knit” line of the specimenif the strength of these areas is being investigated.6.3 Test specimens for Procedure C shall be cut normal tothe pipe axis with parallel sides. T
24、he width of the specimenshall be nominally 1.75 in. to 2.00 in. Two areas, one of whichincludes the minimum pipe wall thickness and the other 180deg opposite, shall be wet sanded to remove cutting marks;care must be exercised to retain the rectangular cross-section ofthe prepared areas.6.4 Number of
25、 Test SpecimensThe number of test speci-mens is optional; however, a minimum of five specimens isneeded to obtain a reliable average for a sample. For qualitycontrol purposes, the sample quantity shall be one, and in casesof disagreement, five specimens shall be tested and the averagevalue shall be
26、recorded.7. Conditioning7.1 ConditioningCondition the test specimens at 23 62C (73.4 6 3.6F) and 50 6 5 % relative humidity for not lessthan 24 h prior to test in accordance with Procedure A ofMethods D 618 for those tests where conditioning is required.In cases of disagreement, the tolerances shall
27、 be 61C(61.8F) and 62 % relative humidity.7.2 Test ConditionsConduct tests in the standard labora-tory atmosphere of 23 6 2C (73.4 6 3.6F) and 50 6 5%relative humidity, unless otherwise specified in the test meth-ods or in this specification. In cases of disagreement, thetolerances shall be 61C (61.
28、8F) and 62 % relative humid-ity.7.3 Special conditioning procedures may be used by agree-ment between cooperating laboratories.8. Speed of Testing8.1 Speed of testing is velocity of separation of the twomembers of the testing machine when running idle (under noload). Speed of testing shall be 0.1 in
29、./min (ipm) minimum and0.5 ipm maximum for Procedure A. It shall be 0.5 ipm forProcedures B and C.9. Procedure9.1 Procedure A (parallel-fiber-reinforced specimens):9.1.1 Measure the minimum width of the reduced area(s) tothe nearest 0.001 in., using a suitable micrometer.9.1.2 Mount the specimen on
30、the lubricated periphery of thetest fixture, with the reduced area(s) centered 2.0 6 0.2 in.away from the split in the disk.9.1.3 Run the test at a constant speed between 0.1 and 0.5ipm.9.1.4 Record the maximum load carried by the specimenduring the test.9.2 Procedure B:9.2.1 Measure the width and t
31、hickness of the reducedsections to the nearest 0.001 in. using a ball-type micrometer ora dial indicator. Record the width and thickness of bothcross-sectional areas.9.2.2 Mount the test specimen on the split disk test fixturewith the reduced sections at the split in the fixture. Align thetest speci
32、men on the split disk specimen holder so that it iscentered on the line joining the points of attachment of thefixture to the test machine.9.2.3 Set the speed control at 0.50 in./min and start the testmachine.9.2.4 Record the yield and ultimate loads carried by thespecimen during the test.9.3 Proced
33、ure C:9.3.1 Measure the width and thickness of the prepared areasto the nearest 0.001 in. using a ball anvil type micrometer.Record the width and thickness of both prepared cross-sectional areas.9.3.2 Mount the test specimen on the outside of the splitdisk fixture with the prepared and measured area
34、s located at thesplit in the fixture. Align the test specimen on the test fixture sothat it is centered on the line joining the points of attachmentto the test machine.9.3.3 Set the speed control at 0.50 in./min and start themachine.9.3.4 Record the yield point and maximum load carried bythe specime
35、n during the test.9.3.5 Record the crosshead separation required to rupturethe test specimen.FIG. 3 Reduced Section Specimen for Procedure BD 2290 043FIG. 4 Fixture for Preparation of Reduced-Section Ring Tensile SpecimensD 2290 04410. Calculation10.1 Calculate the apparent tensile strength (at yiel
36、d orrupture, or both) of the specimen using the appropriate equa-tion and report to three significant figures.sa5 Pb/2AmProcedure A! (1)or: Pb/d1b11 d2b2! Procedure B or C! (2)where:sa = apparent yield or ultimate tensile stress of thespecimen, MPa (or psi),Pb = maximum or breaking load, or both, N
37、(or lbf),Am = minimum cross-sectional area of the two measure-ments, d3 b, in.2,d = thickness at minimum area, in.,d1, d2 = thickness at reduced or test sections, in.,b = width at minimum area, in., andb1, b2 = width of reduced or test sections, in.10.2 For each series of tests, calculate the arithm
38、etic meanof all values obtained to three significant figures and report asthe“ average value” for the particular property in question.10.3 Calculate the standard deviation as follows and reportto two significant figures:s 5( X 2 nX2n 2 1(3)where:s = estimated standard deviation,X = value of single o
39、bservation,n = number of observations, andX= arithmetic mean of the set of observations.11. Report11.1 The report shall include the following:11.1.1 Complete identification of the material tested, includ-ing type, source, manufacturers code number, form, principaldimensions, and previous history.11.
40、1.2 Fabrication procedure,11.1.3 Type specimen used,11.1.4 Thickness and width of test cross-sectional area,11.1.5 Conditioning procedure used,11.1.6 Atmospheric conditions in test room,11.1.7 Number of specimens tested,11.1.8 Rate of crosshead motion,11.1.9 Apparent composite tensile strength of ea
41、ch speci-men, and average calculated and reported to three significantfigures,11.1.10 Standard deviation (estimated) of the sample calcu-lated and reported to two significant figures,11.1.11 Average resin content weight percent of specimenswhen applicable, and11.1.12 Date of test.12. Precision and B
42、ias12.1 Because of the nature of the materials and a lack of awide data base on a variety of applicable composites, nodefinitive statement can be made at this time concerningprecision and bias of this test method.13. Keywords13.1 apparent tensile strength; hoop tensile strength; plasticpipe; split-d
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46、TM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).FIG. 5 Instrument for Measuring Ring Tensile SpecimensD 2290 045
