1、Designation: D 2290 08An American National StandardStandard Test Method forApparent Hoop Tensile Strength of Plastic or ReinforcedPlastic Pipe by Split Disk Method1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2290; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforigin
2、al adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defe
3、nse.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of the com-parative apparent tensile strength of most plastic productsutilizing a split disk test fixture, when tested under definedconditions of pretreatment, temperature, humidity, and testmachine speed. This test method is applicable to re
4、inforced-thermosetting resin pipe regardless of fabrication method. Thistest method also is applicable to extruded and molded thermo-plastic pipe.Procedure A is used for reinforced-thermosetting resin pipe;Procedure B is used for thermoplastic pipe of any size;Procedure C is used for thermoplastic p
5、ipe with nominaldiameter of 412 in. and greater.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to
6、 address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 618 Pra
7、ctice for Conditioning Plastics for TestingD 1599 Test Method for Resistance to Short-Time Hydrau-lic Pressure of Plastic Pipe, Tubing, and FittingsE4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines3. Summary of Test Method3.1 The test specimen is loaded through the suggestedself-aligning split
8、 disk test fixture (Fig. 1) which applies tensilestress to the test ring. An apparent tensile strength rather thana true tensile strength is obtained in this test because of abending moment imposed during test at the split between thesplit disk test fixture. This moment is induced by the change inco
9、ntour of the ring between the two disk sections as theyseparate. The test fixture is designed to minimize the effect ofthis bending moment.4. Significance and Use4.1 Split disk tension tests, properly interpreted, providereasonably accurate information with regard to the apparenttensile strength of
10、plastic pipe when employed under condi-tions approximating those under which the tests are made.4.2 Tension tests may provide data for research and devel-opment, engineering design, quality control, acceptance orrejection under specifications, and for special purposes. Thetest cannot be considered s
11、ignificant for applications differingwidely from the load-time scale of the standard test.NOTE 1Procedure C has been used on polyethylene and polybutylenepipe to produce results equivalent to Quick Burst results (Test MethodD 1599) for 4 in. to 8 in. pipes.5. Apparatus5.1 MicrometersSuitable ball-ty
12、pe micrometers, readingto at least 0.001 in., for measuring the width and thickness ofthe test specimens.5.2 Testing MachineA universal testing machine of theconstant-rate-of-cross-head-movement type and comprisingessentially the following:5.2.1 Drive MechanismA drive mechanism for impartingto the c
13、rosshead a uniform controlled velocity with respect tothe base, this velocity to be regulated as specified in Section 9.5.2.2 Load IndicatorA load-indicating mechanism ca-pable of showing the total tensile load carried by the testspecimen. This mechanism shall be essentially free frominertia lag at
14、the specified rate of testing and shall indicate theload with an accuracy of 61 % of the indicated value. Theaccuracy of the testing machine shall be verified in accordancewith Method E4.5.3 Test FixtureThe recommended test fixture is shown inFig. 1. The width of the split disk for Procedure A andPr
15、ocedure B shall be at least 0.1 in. greater than the width of1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F17 on PlasticPiping Systems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F17.40 on TestMethods.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2008. Published November 2008. Originallyapp
16、roved in 1964 . Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D 2290 04.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM w
17、ebsite.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.the specimen. The width of the split disk for Procedure C shallbe 2.0 in. 6 0.1 in. The supports for holding the tension testfixture shall be self-aligning, that is, they shall b
18、e attached tothe fixed and movable member of the test machine, respec-tively, in such a manner that they move freely into alignment assoon as any load is applied, so that the direction of the appliedpull is directly perpendicular to the split axis of the test fixture.5.4 Conditioning ApparatusAppara
19、tus for maintainingthe standard laboratory atmospheric temperature of 23 6 2C(73.4 6 3.6F) and 50 6 5 % relative humidity for condition-ing prior to test, as defined in Procedure A of Methods D 618,shall be used, except 24 h will be the minimum time period.6. Test Specimen6.1 Test specimen for Proce
20、dure A shall be full-diameter,full-wall thickness rings cut from reinforced thermosettingresin pipe by any suitable means. Specimens shall conform toFig. 2. Specimens shall have a minimum overall width of 0.90in., and a minimum width in the reduced section(s) of 0.55 in.The number of reduced areas s
21、hall be one or two. If two, theyFIG. 1 Test Fixture: TypicalFIG. 2 Reduced-Section Specimens for Procedure AD 2290 082must be located 180 apart. Reduced areas must be centeredrelative to the specimen width to within 0.05 in.6.2 Test specimens for Procedure B shall be full-diameter,full-thickness rin
22、gs cut from thermoplastic pipe, by any suit-able means, as shown in Fig. 3. The minimum width of thering, W, per Fig. 3 shall be 0.50-in. The maximum width of thering shall be 2.00in. Reduced areas shall be machined asshown in Fig. 3 and shall be located at the point of minimumwall thickness and at
23、180 thereto except when the test is usedfor specialized purposes (see Note 2). The reduced areas of thespecimen must be free of machining marks and uniform incross section.NOTE 2The reduced sections for the extruded or molded specimenscan be located at any points on the periphery of the specimen pro
24、videdthey are 180 apart, that is, even at the weld or “knit” line of the specimenif the strength of these areas is being investigated.NOTE 3Specimen ring width, W, per Fig. 3 may be varied between0.50 in. and 2.00 in. For larger diameter pipes with greater wall thickness,specimen stability during te
25、sting is improved when ring width is greater.6.3 Test specimens for Procedure C shall be cut normal tothe pipe axis with parallel sides. The width of the specimenshall be nominally 1.75 in. to 2.00 in. Two areas, one of whichincludes the minimum pipe wall thickness and the other 180deg opposite, sha
26、ll be wet sanded to remove cutting marks;care must be exercised to retain the rectangular cross-section ofthe prepared areas.6.4 Number of Test SpecimensThe number of test speci-mens is optional; however, a minimum of five specimens isneeded to obtain a reliable average for a sample. For qualitycont
27、rol purposes, the sample quantity shall be one, and in casesof disagreement, five specimens shall be tested and the averagevalue shall be recorded.7. Conditioning7.1 ConditioningCondition the test specimens at 73.4 63.6F (23 6 2C) and 50 6 5 % relative humidity for not lessthan 24 h prior to test in
28、 accordance with Procedure A ofMethods D 618 for those tests where conditioning is required.In cases of disagreement, the tolerances shall be 61.8F(61C) and 62 % relative humidity.7.2 Test ConditionsConduct tests in the standard labora-tory atmosphere of 73.4 6 3.6F (23 6 2C) and 50 6 5%relative hum
29、idity, unless otherwise specified in the test meth-ods or in this specification. In cases of disagreement, thetolerances shall be 61.8F (61C) and 62 % relative humid-ity.7.3 Special conditioning procedures may be used by agree-ment between cooperating laboratories.8. Speed of Testing8.1 Speed of tes
30、ting is velocity of separation of the twomembers of the testing machine when running idle (under noload). Speed of testing shall be 0.1 in./min (ipm) minimum and0.5 ipm maximum for Procedure A. It shall be 0.5 ipm forProcedures B and C.9. Procedure9.1 Procedure A (parallel-fiber-reinforced specimens
31、):9.1.1 Measure the minimum width of the reduced area(s) tothe nearest 0.001 in., using a suitable micrometer.9.1.2 Mount the specimen on the lubricated periphery of thetest fixture, with the reduced area(s) centered 2.0 6 0.2 in.away from the split in the disk.9.1.3 Run the test at a constant speed
32、 between 0.1 and 0.5ipm.9.1.4 Record the maximum load carried by the specimenduring the test.9.2 Procedure B:9.2.1 Measure the width and thickness of the reducedsections to the nearest 0.001 in. using a ball-type micrometer ora dial indicator. Record the width and thickness of bothcross-sectional ar
33、eas.FIG. 3 Reduced Section Specimen for Procedure BD 2290 0839.2.2 Mount the test specimen on the split disk test fixturewith the reduced sections at the split in the fixture. Align thetest specimen on the split disk specimen holder so that it iscentered on the line joining the points of attachment
34、of thefixture to the test machine.9.2.3 Set the speed control at 0.50 in./min and start the testmachine.9.2.4 Record the yield and ultimate loads carried by thespecimen during the test.9.3 Procedure C:9.3.1 Measure the width and thickness of the prepared areasto the nearest 0.001 in. using a ball an
35、vil type micrometer.Record the width and thickness of both prepared cross-sectional areas.9.3.2 Mount the test specimen on the outside of the splitdisk fixture with the prepared and measured areas located at thesplit in the fixture. Align the test specimen on the test fixture sothat it is centered o
36、n the line joining the points of attachmentto the test machine.9.3.3 Set the speed control at 0.50 in./min and start themachine.9.3.4 Record the yield point and maximum load carried bythe specimen during the test.9.3.5 Record the crosshead separation required to rupturethe test specimen.10. Calculat
37、ion10.1 Calculate the apparent tensile strength (at yield orrupture, or both) of the specimen using the appropriate equa-tion and report to three significant figures.sa5 Pb/2AmProcedure A! (1)or: Pb/d1b11 d2b2! Procedure B or C! (2)where:sa= apparent yield or ultimate tensile stress of thespecimen,
38、psi (or MPa),Pb= maximum or breaking load, or both, lbf (or N),Am= minimum cross-sectional area of the two measure-ments, d3 b, in.2,d = thickness at minimum area, in.,d1,d2= thickness at reduced or test sections, in.,b = width at minimum area, in., andb1,b2= width of reduced or test sections, in.10
39、.2 For each series of tests, calculate the arithmetic meanof all values obtained to three significant figures and report asthe“ average value” for the particular property in question.10.3 Calculate the standard deviation as follows and reportto two significant figures:s 5( X 2 nX2n 2 1(3)where:s = e
40、stimated standard deviation,X = value of single observation,n = number of observations, andX= arithmetic mean of the set of observations.11. Report11.1 The report shall include the following:11.1.1 Complete identification of the material tested, includ-ing type, source, manufacturers code number, fo
41、rm, principaldimensions, and previous history.11.1.2 Fabrication procedure,11.1.3 Type specimen used,11.1.4 Thickness and width of test cross-sectional area,11.1.5 Conditioning procedure used,11.1.6 Atmospheric conditions in test room,11.1.7 Number of specimens tested,11.1.8 Rate of crosshead motion
42、,11.1.9 Apparent composite tensile strength of each speci-men, and average calculated and reported to three significantfigures,11.1.10 Standard deviation (estimated) of the sample calcu-lated and reported to two significant figures,11.1.11 Average resin content weight percent of specimenswhen applic
43、able, and11.1.12 Date of test.12. Precision and Bias12.1 Because of the nature of the materials and a lack of awide data base on a variety of applicable composites, nodefinitive statement can be made at this time concerningprecision and bias of this test method.13. Keywords13.1 apparent tensile stre
44、ngth; hoop tensile strength; plasticpipe; split-disk methodD 2290 084FIG. 4 Fixture for Preparation of Reduced-Section Ring Tensile SpecimensD 2290 085ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Use
45、rs of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every
46、 five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technic
47、al committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken
48、, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).FIG. 5 Instrument for Measuring Ring Tensile SpecimensD 2290 086
